TransJakarta
Encyclopedia
TransJakarta is a bus rapid transit
(BRT) system in Jakarta
, Indonesia
. It was the first BRT system in Southern and Southeast Asia. TransJakarta started on January 15, 2004. As of March 2011, there were 10 corridors (or lines) in operation, with five more to be built. TransJakarta was designed to provide Jakarta citizens with a fast public transportation system to help reduce rush hour traffic. It is used by approximately 280,000 people every day. The buses run in special lanes, and the ticket prices are subsidized by the regional government. Currently, TransJakarta has the world's longest BRT routes with 172 km system length and has more than 520 buses in Operation.
study were:
The first TransJakarta line opened to the public on January 15, 2004. Following two weeks in which it was free to use, commercial operations started on February 1, 2004. It now carries an average of approximately 250,000 passengers a day.
TransJakarta was built to provide a fast, comfortable, and affordable mass transportation system. To accomplish those objectives, the buses were given lanes restricted to other traffic and separated by concrete blocks on the streets that became part of the busway routes.
There were some initial teething problems, such as when the roof of one of the buses rammed into a railway tunnel. In addition, many buses had technical issues such as broken doors and stop buttons.
In order to promote gender equity, TransJakarta is increasing the number of female driver recruits. The projected proportion is 30% of the total.
The buses run along the following routes:
From January to July 2010 there were 237 accidents involving TransJakarta buses, resulting in 57 injuries and eight deaths. Accidents occurred due to pedestrians crossing the busway and cars making u-turns. In 2011, in an effort to stop non TransJakarta vehicles using the bus lanes, the Jakarta Police Chief suggested that TransJakarta buses should run against the direction of traffic flow.
Usually non TransJakarta vehicles used busway lanes during peak hours between 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Each bus is constructed with passengers' safety in mind. For example the body frame is constructed using Galvanyl (Zn - Fe Alloy), a strong and rust-resistant metal. There are also eight or ten glass-shattering hammers mounted on some of the window frames, and three emergency doors for fast evacuation during an emergency. There are also two fire extinguisher at the front and back of the buses.
The Mercedes-Benz
OH and Hino
RG air-conditioned buses are painted red and yellow, with a picture of a young Brahminy Kite
, which looks very similar to a bald eagle
grasping a tree branch with three snakefruit
on it. The buses use special fuel which is (a mix of diesel and biodiesel
). For Corridor 2 (bus colors: blue and white) and 3 (bus colors: yellow and red), the buses are CNG
-fueled Daewoo
buses imported from South Korea. Due to various coachbuilders being involved and design tweaks applied over time, the exterior and interior appearance, quality, and comfort varies from bus to bus operating in the same corridor.
The capacity of each bus is 30 seated and 55 standing passengers, though during rush hours these numbers are often exceeded by up to 80 passengers per bus.
TransJakarta also operates Chinese-made HuangHai and Komodo articulated bus
es on long and straight corridors, such as Corridor 5.
The passenger doors are higher than on normal buses so that passengers can only board from designated shelters. The doors employ automated folding mechanisms which can be manually controlled by the driver. Because the normal folding doors cannot open properly when the bus is overcrowded, buses on corridors II and III use sliding doors in order to accommodate the surge of passengers during rush hours. Protective full-height acrylic glass barriers are installed behind passenger seats close to the sliding door mechanism.
Seats in all buses face the aisle to optimize passengers' movement during rush hours. Corridor 1 buses use comfortable cushioned bus seats, the buses from subsequent corridors have less cushioned, hence less comfortable, seats.
Each bus is equipped with an electronic board and speakers that announce the name of shelters in two languages, Indonesian and English. Each bus is also equipped with a bi-directional radio transceiver to allow the driver to provide and recaive updated information regarding traffic jams, road accidents or lost items.
To keep the air fresh, especially during rush hours each bus is equipped with automatic air freshener dispensers which periodically spray car fragrance.
In August 2011, TransJakarta operator has installed cameras on one bus for a trial period. The plan is to install 4 cameras on all buses gradually in efforts to improve services such as to inform passengers waiting for buses about how crowded approaching buses are and prevent sexual harassment
on its service.
As of November 2011 TransJakarta has 524 buses in operation.
The shelters are made of from aluminum, steel, and glass. Air ventilation works through fins on the aluminum part of the shelter. Floors are made from tread plate. The doors of shelters open automatically when a bus arrives. Some of the connecting elevated bridge ramps have gentle slopes (with some exceptions) to accommodate the disabled. One disadvantage of some of the ramps is that passengers need to walk a relatively long way up the ramps, and then double back, to reach the boarding shelters. The floors of the bridge are mostly tread plates, although some are made from concrete. One problem with the tread plate is that considerable noise is generated by the movement of passengers across the tread plate surfaces. Another problem is that some of the tread plate surfaces can become very slippery during the rainy season when they become wet. There are no sanitary facilities in most of the shelters.
Bus stops are open from 05:00 – 22:00 although opening hours can be extended if there are passengers still waiting at closing time. Shelters often become extremely overcrowded because of long (and sometimes unpredictable) intervals between buses.
A free daily internal bulletin, 'Trans Kota', is occasionally available at selected shelters. The content includes sport, showbusiness, crime, health, various tips and tricks, consumer information and TransJakarta news.
The large Harmoni Central Busway (HCB) shelter on Jalan Gadjah Mada, Central Jakarta, is built over the Ciliwung River. It is a transit point between Corridors 1, 2, and 3. This 500-person shelter has six doors. Although many trees had to be sacrificed during the construction of it, an old banyan tree was not chopped down because it was considered rich in historical value. However, in October 2006 this tree was vandalized by people from a religious group known as Pemuda Persatuan Islam. Their motive was to show that the tree does not possess supernatural qualities as believed by some people.
The cost of a TransJakarta ticket (November 2011) is Rp. 3,500 (about US 40 cents) per trip, or Rp 2,000 at concessional times. Passengers who change direction or who transit to another corridor do not need to pay again provided they do not exit the shelter.
Passengers first buy a single paper trip ticket. To enter a shelter, passengers show their tickets to an attendant. There are plans to introduce stored value tickets in 2012.
This situation is at odds with one of the initial objectives of TransJakarta which was to reduce traffic jam during rush hours by persuading private car owners to use comfortable public transport.
There is a special program for the student groups called Transjakarta goes to school. Participants in program there are assigned a dedicated bus. The aim is to train students to stand in line, be decent, and prefer public transport than personal vehicles.
Corridors under construction are:
Planned corridors are:
Bus rapid transit
Bus rapid transit is a term applied to a variety of public transportation systems using buses to provide faster, more efficient service than an ordinary bus line. Often this is achieved by making improvements to existing infrastructure, vehicles and scheduling...
(BRT) system in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It was the first BRT system in Southern and Southeast Asia. TransJakarta started on January 15, 2004. As of March 2011, there were 10 corridors (or lines) in operation, with five more to be built. TransJakarta was designed to provide Jakarta citizens with a fast public transportation system to help reduce rush hour traffic. It is used by approximately 280,000 people every day. The buses run in special lanes, and the ticket prices are subsidized by the regional government. Currently, TransJakarta has the world's longest BRT routes with 172 km system length and has more than 520 buses in Operation.
Characteristics
The characteristics of TransJakarta as listed in an Asian Development BankAsian Development Bank
The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia...
study were:
- Closed Trunk System without a Feeder System
- Elevated Platform for Rapid Boarding and Alighting
- Public Sector Bus Procurement and Private Sector Bus Operation
- Operating with numerous passengers/day than projected
History and Problems
TransJakarta was built to provide a fast, comfortable, and affordable mass transportation system. To accomplish those objectives, the buses were given lanes restricted to other traffic and separated by concrete blocks on the streets that became part of the busway routes.
There were some initial teething problems, such as when the roof of one of the buses rammed into a railway tunnel. In addition, many buses had technical issues such as broken doors and stop buttons.
In order to promote gender equity, TransJakarta is increasing the number of female driver recruits. The projected proportion is 30% of the total.
The buses run along the following routes:
- January 15, 2004: Koridor 1, Blok MBlok MBlok M is a business and shopping quarter located in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It runs east from Iskandarsyah street to Bulungan street in the west. North from Falatehan street to Melawai street in the south. The development is less modern than some of the developments near Kota,...
-Kota (soft launch) - February 1, 2004: Koridor 1, Blok MBlok MBlok M is a business and shopping quarter located in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It runs east from Iskandarsyah street to Bulungan street in the west. North from Falatehan street to Melawai street in the south. The development is less modern than some of the developments near Kota,...
-Kota (commercial service) - January 15, 2006: Koridor 2, Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo Gadung is a subdistrict of East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The boundary of Pulo Gadung is Bekasi Timur Raya - I Gusti Ngurah Rai Road to the south, Bekasi Raya Road to the east, Perintis Kemerdekaan Road to the north, and Jenderal Ahmad Yani Road to the west.-Kelurahan :Pulo Gadung...
-Harmoni and 3, KalideresKalideresKalideres is a subdistrict of West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the westernmost Subdistrict of Jakarta. Kalideres has a total area of 3,023.36 hectares...
-Pasar Baru opened - January 27, 2007: Koridor 4, Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo Gadung is a subdistrict of East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The boundary of Pulo Gadung is Bekasi Timur Raya - I Gusti Ngurah Rai Road to the south, Bekasi Raya Road to the east, Perintis Kemerdekaan Road to the north, and Jenderal Ahmad Yani Road to the west.-Kelurahan :Pulo Gadung...
-Dukuh Atas 2, Koridor 5, Kp. Melayu-AncolAncolright|thumbnail|Ancol Carnival BeachAncol is an Administrative Village in Pademangan Subdistrict, North Jakarta, Jakarta. It is located in the coastal lowland of Jakarta. Ancol is bounded by Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa harbor to the west, and Kali Japat canal to the east. Ancol has the...
, Koridor 6, Halimun-RagunanRagunanRagunan is a kelurahan of Pasar Minggu Subdistrict, South Jakarta. The boundaries of Ragunan Kelurahan are Pejaten Barat Street to the north, Cilandak KKO Street to the west, Kebagusan Raya Street to the east, and Sagu Street to the south...
, and Koridor 7 Kp. Rambutan-Kp. Melayu opened - February 21, 2009: Koridor 8, Lebak Bulus-Harmoni opened
- December 31, 2010: Koridor 9, PluitPluitPluit is an administrative village of Penjaringan, North Jakarta that is predominantly residential such as De Paradiso Apartment. Most of the inhabitants are of Chinese origin. They run many Chinese restaurants in nearby Muara Karang...
-Pinang Ranti, and Koridor 10, PGC Cililitan-Tanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung Priok is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It hosts the western part of the city's main harbour, the Port of Tanjung Priok...
opened. - March 18, 2011 Corridor-9 was the solely corridor served until 11.00 pm. Followed by Corridor-1, with intersection with Corridor-9 at Semanggi shelter, but not all of shelters serve in this program.
- May 20, 2011 Corridor-2 and Corridor-3 initialized to serve until 11.00pm, but only open 9 shelters out of 22 on Corridor-2 and 9 out of 13 shelters on Corridor-3 remain open during the extended hours.
- July 1, 2011 Corridors-4to7 have already began with the late night service, so all corridors now has already deployed late night service, except Corridor-8.
- September 28, 2011 the feeders have been launched with Route 1 from West Jakarta Municipal Office to Daan Mogot, Route 2 from Tanah Abang to Medan Merdeka Selatan and Route 3 from SCBD to Senayan. The fare will be Rp.6,500 ($0.72), which cover tickets for both the feeder service and TransJakarta buses.
From January to July 2010 there were 237 accidents involving TransJakarta buses, resulting in 57 injuries and eight deaths. Accidents occurred due to pedestrians crossing the busway and cars making u-turns. In 2011, in an effort to stop non TransJakarta vehicles using the bus lanes, the Jakarta Police Chief suggested that TransJakarta buses should run against the direction of traffic flow.
Usually non TransJakarta vehicles used busway lanes during peak hours between 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Buses
The Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
OH and Hino
Hino Motors
-External links:Global* * * Overseas offices****.*.***.*.* - Philippines**...
RG air-conditioned buses are painted red and yellow, with a picture of a young Brahminy Kite
Brahminy Kite
The Brahminy Kite , also known as the Red-backed Sea-eagle, is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards and harriers. They are found in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Australia...
, which looks very similar to a bald eagle
Bald Eagle
The Bald Eagle is a bird of prey found in North America. It is the national bird and symbol of the United States of America. This sea eagle has two known sub-species and forms a species pair with the White-tailed Eagle...
grasping a tree branch with three snakefruit
Salak
Salak is a species of palm tree native to Indonesia. It is a very short-stemmed palm, with leaves up to long; each leaf has a 2-metre long petiole with spines up to long, and numerous leaflets....
on it. The buses use special fuel which is (a mix of diesel and biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
). For Corridor 2 (bus colors: blue and white) and 3 (bus colors: yellow and red), the buses are CNG
Compressed natural gas
Compressed natural gas is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline , diesel, or propane/LPG. Although its combustion does produce greenhouse gases, it is a more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels, and it is much safer than other fuels in the event of a spill...
-fueled Daewoo
Daewoo
Daewoo or the Daewoo Group was a major South Korean chaebol . It was founded on 22 March 1967 as Daewoo Industrial and was dismantled by the Korean government in 1999...
buses imported from South Korea. Due to various coachbuilders being involved and design tweaks applied over time, the exterior and interior appearance, quality, and comfort varies from bus to bus operating in the same corridor.
The capacity of each bus is 30 seated and 55 standing passengers, though during rush hours these numbers are often exceeded by up to 80 passengers per bus.
TransJakarta also operates Chinese-made HuangHai and Komodo articulated bus
Articulated bus
An articulated bus is an articulated vehicle used in public transportation. It is usually a single-deck design, and comprises two rigid sections linked by a pivoting joint...
es on long and straight corridors, such as Corridor 5.
The passenger doors are higher than on normal buses so that passengers can only board from designated shelters. The doors employ automated folding mechanisms which can be manually controlled by the driver. Because the normal folding doors cannot open properly when the bus is overcrowded, buses on corridors II and III use sliding doors in order to accommodate the surge of passengers during rush hours. Protective full-height acrylic glass barriers are installed behind passenger seats close to the sliding door mechanism.
Seats in all buses face the aisle to optimize passengers' movement during rush hours. Corridor 1 buses use comfortable cushioned bus seats, the buses from subsequent corridors have less cushioned, hence less comfortable, seats.
Each bus is equipped with an electronic board and speakers that announce the name of shelters in two languages, Indonesian and English. Each bus is also equipped with a bi-directional radio transceiver to allow the driver to provide and recaive updated information regarding traffic jams, road accidents or lost items.
To keep the air fresh, especially during rush hours each bus is equipped with automatic air freshener dispensers which periodically spray car fragrance.
In August 2011, TransJakarta operator has installed cameras on one bus for a trial period. The plan is to install 4 cameras on all buses gradually in efforts to improve services such as to inform passengers waiting for buses about how crowded approaching buses are and prevent sexual harassment
Sexual harassment
Sexual harassment, is intimidation, bullying or coercion of a sexual nature, or the unwelcome or inappropriate promise of rewards in exchange for sexual favors. In some contexts or circumstances, sexual harassment is illegal. It includes a range of behavior from seemingly mild transgressions and...
on its service.
As of November 2011 TransJakarta has 524 buses in operation.
Shelters
TransJakarta shelter are also different from ordinary bus stops. They are usually located in the middle of the road and are reached by elevated bridges. The stops in front of the well-known Sarinah shopping center on Jl Thamrin in Central Jakarta have lifts.The shelters are made of from aluminum, steel, and glass. Air ventilation works through fins on the aluminum part of the shelter. Floors are made from tread plate. The doors of shelters open automatically when a bus arrives. Some of the connecting elevated bridge ramps have gentle slopes (with some exceptions) to accommodate the disabled. One disadvantage of some of the ramps is that passengers need to walk a relatively long way up the ramps, and then double back, to reach the boarding shelters. The floors of the bridge are mostly tread plates, although some are made from concrete. One problem with the tread plate is that considerable noise is generated by the movement of passengers across the tread plate surfaces. Another problem is that some of the tread plate surfaces can become very slippery during the rainy season when they become wet. There are no sanitary facilities in most of the shelters.
Bus stops are open from 05:00 – 22:00 although opening hours can be extended if there are passengers still waiting at closing time. Shelters often become extremely overcrowded because of long (and sometimes unpredictable) intervals between buses.
A free daily internal bulletin, 'Trans Kota', is occasionally available at selected shelters. The content includes sport, showbusiness, crime, health, various tips and tricks, consumer information and TransJakarta news.
The large Harmoni Central Busway (HCB) shelter on Jalan Gadjah Mada, Central Jakarta, is built over the Ciliwung River. It is a transit point between Corridors 1, 2, and 3. This 500-person shelter has six doors. Although many trees had to be sacrificed during the construction of it, an old banyan tree was not chopped down because it was considered rich in historical value. However, in October 2006 this tree was vandalized by people from a religious group known as Pemuda Persatuan Islam. Their motive was to show that the tree does not possess supernatural qualities as believed by some people.
Ticketing and Fares
Passengers first buy a single paper trip ticket. To enter a shelter, passengers show their tickets to an attendant. There are plans to introduce stored value tickets in 2012.
Passengers
During rush hours, people from upper or middle classes (one of the main targets of TransJakarta) usually prefer to use private cars or taxis to avoid inconvenience of the overcrowded Transjakarta buses even though they have to bear with traffic jams instead. Many passengers are thus lower middle class people who are ex-users of other less comfortable and/or more expensive commercial buses.This situation is at odds with one of the initial objectives of TransJakarta which was to reduce traffic jam during rush hours by persuading private car owners to use comfortable public transport.
There is a special program for the student groups called Transjakarta goes to school. Participants in program there are assigned a dedicated bus. The aim is to train students to stand in line, be decent, and prefer public transport than personal vehicles.
Lanes
There are ten corridors :- Koridor 1 (Kota - Blok M)
- Koridor 2 (Pulo Gadung - Harmoni)
- Koridor 3 (Kalideres - Pasar Baru), since August 2011 connected with TransJakarta-TangerangTangerangTangerang is a city in the Province of Banten, Indonesia. It is located about 25 km west of Jakarta. It is the third largest urban center in the Jabotabek region after Jakarta and Bekasi. It has an area of 164.54 km² and an official intercensal estimated population of 1,537,244 for 2005...
corridor at Kalideres, but the ticket is not integrated (separate) for both corridors - Koridor 4 (Pulo Gadung - Dukuh Atas)
- Koridor 5 (Ancol - Kampung Melayu)
- Koridor 6 (Halimun - Ragunan)
- Koridor 7 (Kampung Melayu - Kampung Rambutan)
- Koridor 8 (Lebak Bulus - Harmoni)
- Koridor 9 (Pluit - Pinang Ranti)
- Koridor 10 (Tanjung Priok - PGC Cililitan)
Corridors under construction are:
- Koridor 11 (Kampung Melayu - Pulo Gebang)
Planned corridors are:
- Koridor 12 (Pluit - Tanjung Priok)
- Koridor 13 (Blok M - Pondok Kelapa)
- Koridor 14 (Manggarai - University of Indonesia)
- Koridor 15 (Ciledug - Blok M)
See also
- Transport in Indonesia
- Rail transport in IndonesiaRail transport in IndonesiaMost rail transport in Indonesia is located on the island of Java, which has two major rail lines that run the length of the island, as well as several connecting lines...