Treene River
Encyclopedia
The Treene is a river, 73 km (45.4 mi) long, in the north of Schleswig-Holstein
. It is a right-bank tributary of the Eider River
. It starts in northern Angeln
, southeast of Flensburg
, and flows mainly south-south-west before joining the Eider near Friedrichstadt
.
The Treene begins at the Treßsee lake near Großsolt in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg
and flows for about 73 km, passing the town of Friedrichstadt
(in Nordfriesland
district) to a point 25 km above the Eider Barrage
where it discharges into the Eider
as its most important tributary. The Bondenau, which is the most important inlet to the Treßsee, is the main headstream of the Treene, and rises 15 km east of the Treßsee near Sörup on the Angeln
peninsula, bounded by the Flensburger Förde and the Schlei
. So the Treene is an unusual case of a river that rises on a peninsula in the Baltic Sea, but then flows into the North Sea. Between the Treßsee and Tüdal, there is a nature reserve covering an area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) called Ober Treenelandschaft that runs along the river.
The middle section between Oeversee
and Langstedt
and Treia
developed to the popular paddle district; further river downward the Eider Treene concern valley forms an ecologically valuable retreat area for migratory birds ("stork village" Bergenhusen
). In Schwabstedt
a river public swimming pool exists; off there the Treene can be driven on muendungswaerts also with sport boats.
In early historical time the strip of dry country between Treene (Niederung) and Schlei had the function of an isthmus. Here the Danewerk secured the south border of Denmark, which at that time was more than 20 km further south running to the Eider. And the route Eider - Treene - Rheider Au
(tributary of the Treene) - Schlei served as a shipping route between the North Sea
and Baltic Sea
(see also Haithabu). Whether thereby boats were pulled between the Schleibucht Selker Noor and the Rheider Au 16 km on primitive rollers over the 20 m high land ridges (usual opinion), or whether the Kograben, 1 to 2 km south of and parallel to the Danewerk, served as the ship canal, is not yet finally clarified.
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig...
. It is a right-bank tributary of the Eider River
Eider River
The Eider is the longest river of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The river starts near Bordesholm and reaches the southwestern outskirts of Kiel on the shores of the Baltic Sea, but flows to the west, ending in the North Sea...
. It starts in northern Angeln
Angeln
Modern Angeln, also known as Anglia , is a small peninsula in Southern Schleswig in the northern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, protruding into the Bay of Kiel...
, southeast of Flensburg
Flensburg
Flensburg is an independent town in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the region of Southern Schleswig...
, and flows mainly south-south-west before joining the Eider near Friedrichstadt
Friedrichstadt
Friedrichstadt is a town in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the river Eider approx. 12 km south of Husum. It was founded in 1621 by Dutch settlers...
.
The Treene begins at the Treßsee lake near Großsolt in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg
Schleswig-Flensburg
Schleswig-Flensburg is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Dithmarschen and Nordfriesland, the Region Syddanmark in Denmark, the city of Flensburg and the Baltic Sea.-History:Written history in the area began about 800 AD, when the...
and flows for about 73 km, passing the town of Friedrichstadt
Friedrichstadt
Friedrichstadt is a town in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the river Eider approx. 12 km south of Husum. It was founded in 1621 by Dutch settlers...
(in Nordfriesland
Nordfriesland
Nordfriesland, English "Northern Friesland" or "North Frisia", is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia along with adjacent areas to the east and south and is bounded by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and...
district) to a point 25 km above the Eider Barrage
Eider Barrage
The Eider Barrage is located at the mouth of the river Eider near Tönning on Germany’s North Sea coast. Its main purpose is protection from storm surges by the North Seas. It is Germany’s largest coastal protection structure...
where it discharges into the Eider
Eider
Eiders are large seaducks in the genus Somateria. Steller's Eider, despite its name, is in a different genus.The three extant species all breed in the cooler latitudes of the Northern hemisphere....
as its most important tributary. The Bondenau, which is the most important inlet to the Treßsee, is the main headstream of the Treene, and rises 15 km east of the Treßsee near Sörup on the Angeln
Angeln
Modern Angeln, also known as Anglia , is a small peninsula in Southern Schleswig in the northern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, protruding into the Bay of Kiel...
peninsula, bounded by the Flensburger Förde and the Schlei
Schlei
The Schlei is a narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. It stretches for approximately 20 miles from the Baltic near Kappeln and Arnis to the city of Schleswig. Along the Schlei are many small bays and swamps...
. So the Treene is an unusual case of a river that rises on a peninsula in the Baltic Sea, but then flows into the North Sea. Between the Treßsee and Tüdal, there is a nature reserve covering an area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) called Ober Treenelandschaft that runs along the river.
The middle section between Oeversee
Oeversee
Oeversee is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approx. 10 km south of Flensburg. The Oeversee municipality was merged with Sankelmark on March 1, 2008. The new municipality is, however, still called Oeversee.Oeversee is part of the...
and Langstedt
Langstedt
Langstedt is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....
and Treia
Treia
Treia is a town and comune in the province of Macerata in the central Marche . It is N of Pollenza, W of Macerata, and NNE of Tolentino.-History:...
developed to the popular paddle district; further river downward the Eider Treene concern valley forms an ecologically valuable retreat area for migratory birds ("stork village" Bergenhusen
Bergenhusen
Bergenhusen is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....
). In Schwabstedt
Schwabstedt
Schwabstedt is a municipality in the district of Northern Frisia , in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.-History:In 1268 Bishop Bunde of Schleswig sold his castle Gottorp to Eric II, Duke of Schleswig and moved his residence to Schwabstedt....
a river public swimming pool exists; off there the Treene can be driven on muendungswaerts also with sport boats.
In early historical time the strip of dry country between Treene (Niederung) and Schlei had the function of an isthmus. Here the Danewerk secured the south border of Denmark, which at that time was more than 20 km further south running to the Eider. And the route Eider - Treene - Rheider Au
Rheider Au
The Rheider Au is a tributary of the Treene. Its source is on the Geest near Schleswig. In the Viking period the route Eider - Treene - Rheider Au - Schlei served as a navigation way and/or transport or trade route between places to the north and the Baltic Sea, as commercial centres functioned ....
(tributary of the Treene) - Schlei served as a shipping route between the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
and Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
(see also Haithabu). Whether thereby boats were pulled between the Schleibucht Selker Noor and the Rheider Au 16 km on primitive rollers over the 20 m high land ridges (usual opinion), or whether the Kograben, 1 to 2 km south of and parallel to the Danewerk, served as the ship canal, is not yet finally clarified.
Sources
- Gerd Quedenbaum: Vorflut. Der Eiderverband, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Deich- und Entwässerungswesens in der mittleren Eiderregion. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf 2000
- Gerd Quedenbaum: Sorge und Treene. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1984