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Tropical Storm Harvey (1999)
Encyclopedia
Tropical Storm Harvey was a moderately strong tropical storm that caused extensive flooding across south Florida
during the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season
. The eleventh named storm and second tropical cyclone of the season, Harvey developed from a tropical wave
in the Gulf of Mexico
on September 19. After forming, the system gradually intensified and became a tropical storm early on September 20. Throughout the rest of its duration, Harvey slowly intensified as it headed eastward. Late on September 21, Harvey made landfall
in Southwest Florida
with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Harvey emerged into the Atlantic early on September 22, but was quickly absorbed by an extratropical cyclone
. The remnants of Harvey reached Atlantic Canada
before dissipating.
Harvey caused minor flooding in south Florida because of light to relatively heavy rainfall in that portion of the state. Reportedly, 30 houses and businesses in south Florida were flooded. There were sporadic reports of tropical storm force winds throughout the state, as well as two tornadoes. Damage estimates were light, totaling to $15 million (1999 USD
). Throughout the rest of the United States, impact was limited, confined to light rainfall in Georgia
, North Carolina
and South Carolina
. Heavy rainfall was reported in Atlantic Canada, and Harvey was the wettest tropical cyclone on record in that country. Significant flooding was reported due to the heavy rainfall, especially to roads and houses. Damage throughout Atlantic Canada was several million dollars.
, emerged from the western coast of Africa on September 4, 1999 and entered the Atlantic Ocean
. The system trekked westward uneventfully and was unable to organize itself due to the influence of outflow
from Hurricane Floyd
. As the weather feature traversed the Caribbean Sea
, Floyd pulled away, allowing convection to develop along the wave. In the western Caribbean, the disturbance matured into a broad area of low pressure
by September 16 and began moving slowly northwestward. By two days later, on September 18, the low had continued to intensify as it entered the southern Gulf of Mexico
. Thunderstorm activity continues to increase in association with the weather feature, and a buoy in the eastern gulf recorded sustained winds of 35 mph (56.3 km/h). At 0600 UTC 19 September, Tropical Depression Ten was declared while located approximately 400 mi (643.7 km) west-southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida
.
Upon its designation, the depression was still relatively weak and disorganized, and due to a number of factors, further strengthening was expected to be gradual. However, outflow over the cyclone improved throughout the day on September 19 as it drifted northward. At 0000 UTC on September 20, based on surface observations and reports from the Hurricane Hunters
, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and given the name Harvey. At around the same time, the storm became nearly stationary, but slowly began to turn eastward. Harvey remained disorganized due to persistent wind shear
. In spite of the inhibiting shear, the cyclone strengthened to reach its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.35 inHg) late on September 20; it held this intensity for 24 hours.
By the early morning hours of September 21, Harvey had sped up and turned southeastward. The storm's center was poorly defined at the time and located to the northwest of the main area of thunderstorm activity. Nonetheless, the convection was strong in nature. The storm curved towards the east by mid-morning and moved ashore at Everglades City, Florida, at around 1700 UTC, still at its peak strength. It sped across the Florida Peninsula and began merging with a developing storm off the coast of South Carolina
. By the next day, it had become completely absorbed by this cyclone. Its remnants bought very heavy rain to Atlantic Canada.
, which was upgraded to a tropical storm warning and hurricane watch the next day. Tropical storm watches were posted for the state's Atlantic coast north of Jupiter Inlet to near Flagler Beach
. A tropical storm watch and later a warning was issues for the northwestern Bahamas. The advisories were amended several times before being discontinued on September 20 through September 21.
In advance of the storm, public schools and many private schools closed. Although no mandatory evacuations were ordered, multiple shelters were opened in schools and churches. Some government offices shut down in anticipation of Harvey's onslaught. Several counties issued a state of emergency. Residents prepared individually by, for example, securing boats and lawn furniture. Free sand and sandbags were made available to the general public, and inmates filled bags for those physically unable to do so themselves. Officials at Lake Manatee
began lowering the water level to help avoid flooding. In Hillsborough County
, the threat of the storm forced the cancellation of local football programs.
The Tropicale, then owned by Carnival Cruise Lines
, was left disabled after a fire onboard shut down the vessel's engines. The ship encountered 12 ft (3.7 m) seas in the Gulf of Mexico before restarting one of its engines and taking a path around the storm. It was initially planned to return to Tampa
. The ship provided meteorological reports from the storm that were used to evaluate its winds.
Tropical Storm Harvey dropped moderate to heavy rainfall throughout much of the Florida Panhandle
, although the highest amounts were concentrated near its landfall location. Precipitation peaked at just over 10 inches (250 mm) in the Naples
area, causing significant street flooding. Storm surge
was light, running at 2.41 feet (0.73 m) at Fort Myers
and 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) elsewhere. Some tidal flooding occurred at Everglades City, where a runway at the county airport was inundated. Minor coastal flooding was reported elsewhere, including along the Florida Keys
; part of Florida State Road A1A
was closed as a result. The surge combined with increased wave action to produce light beach erosion along the coast and in Everglades National Park
.
The storm also spawned two tornadoes, in Collier
and Miami-Dade
counties, one of which tore the roof off a house. Winds in the Keys gusted to as high as 68 mph (109 km/h) off the coast of Key Largo
. A few trees were downed by the winds in the upper Keys, but little damage occurred otherwise. Overall, damage from the storm was light, totaling approximately $15 million (1999 USD; $ USD). The Collier County Emergency Operations Center reported 30 flooded homes and businesses. Several airports in the state canceled flights.
In the Bahamas, Harvey caused flooding in low-lying areas of three islands. The storm also produced light rainfall throughout Georgia
and the Carolinas.
The remnants of the cyclone interacted with a trough
and caused torrential rains in Atlantic Canada
. In just 30 hours, some areas received in excess of 9.8 inches (280 mm) of precipitation. Rainfall from the remnants of Tropical Storm Harvey peaked at 11.89 inches (302 mm) in Oxford, Nova Scotia
, which ranked it as the wettest known tropical cyclone (or remnants) in Canada. The heavy rainfall caused severe flooding throughout Atlantic Canada, especially in the province of Nova Scotia. Several roads and basements flooded in Nova Scotia, including Highway 103
near Liverpool
. A road near Wolfville
was also closed when the Gaspereau River overflowed. In addition, a street in Amherst
was closed due to runoff from sewer backups. Other forms of road damage included a bridge collapse near Collingwood
. Damage to roads in Oxford
alone was estimated at $3 million (1999 USD; $ USD).
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
during the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season
1999 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1999, and lasted until November 30, 1999. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin....
. The eleventh named storm and second tropical cyclone of the season, Harvey developed from a tropical wave
Tropical wave
Tropical waves, easterly waves, or tropical easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves in the Atlantic region, are a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which move from east to west across the tropics causing areas of...
in the Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico is a partially landlocked ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In...
on September 19. After forming, the system gradually intensified and became a tropical storm early on September 20. Throughout the rest of its duration, Harvey slowly intensified as it headed eastward. Late on September 21, Harvey made landfall
Landfall (meteorology)
Landfall is the event of a tropical cyclone or a waterspout coming onto land after being over water. When a waterspout makes landfall it is reclassified as a tornado, which can then cause damage inland...
in Southwest Florida
Southwest Florida
Southwest Florida is a region of Florida , United States located along its gulf coast, south of the Tampa Bay area, west of Lake Okeechobee and mostly north of the Everglades...
with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Harvey emerged into the Atlantic early on September 22, but was quickly absorbed by an extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are a group of cyclones defined as synoptic scale low pressure weather systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the Earth having neither tropical nor polar characteristics, and are connected with fronts and...
. The remnants of Harvey reached Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada is the region of Canada comprising the four provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec: the three Maritime provinces – New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia – and Newfoundland and Labrador...
before dissipating.
Harvey caused minor flooding in south Florida because of light to relatively heavy rainfall in that portion of the state. Reportedly, 30 houses and businesses in south Florida were flooded. There were sporadic reports of tropical storm force winds throughout the state, as well as two tornadoes. Damage estimates were light, totaling to $15 million (1999 USD
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
). Throughout the rest of the United States, impact was limited, confined to light rainfall in Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...
, North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...
and South Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...
. Heavy rainfall was reported in Atlantic Canada, and Harvey was the wettest tropical cyclone on record in that country. Significant flooding was reported due to the heavy rainfall, especially to roads and houses. Damage throughout Atlantic Canada was several million dollars.
Meteorological history
The predecessor to Harvey, a tropical waveTropical wave
Tropical waves, easterly waves, or tropical easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves in the Atlantic region, are a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which move from east to west across the tropics causing areas of...
, emerged from the western coast of Africa on September 4, 1999 and entered the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
. The system trekked westward uneventfully and was unable to organize itself due to the influence of outflow
Outflow (meteorology)
Outflow, in meteorology, is air that flows outwards from a storm system. It is associated with ridging, or anticyclonic flow. In the low levels of the troposphere, outflow radiates from thunderstorms in the form of a wedge of rain-cooled air, which is visible as a thin rope-like cloud on weather...
from Hurricane Floyd
Hurricane Floyd
Hurricane Floyd was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd triggered the third largest evacuation in US history when 2.6 million coastal residents of five states were ordered from their homes as it approached...
. As the weather feature traversed the Caribbean Sea
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....
, Floyd pulled away, allowing convection to develop along the wave. In the western Caribbean, the disturbance matured into a broad area of low pressure
Low pressure area
A low-pressure area, or "low", is a region where the atmospheric pressure at sea level is below that of surrounding locations. Low-pressure systems form under areas of wind divergence which occur in upper levels of the troposphere. The formation process of a low-pressure area is known as...
by September 16 and began moving slowly northwestward. By two days later, on September 18, the low had continued to intensify as it entered the southern Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico is a partially landlocked ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In...
. Thunderstorm activity continues to increase in association with the weather feature, and a buoy in the eastern gulf recorded sustained winds of 35 mph (56.3 km/h). At 0600 UTC 19 September, Tropical Depression Ten was declared while located approximately 400 mi (643.7 km) west-southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. It is known as a vacation destination for both American and foreign tourists. As of 2008, the population estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau is 245,314, making St...
.
Upon its designation, the depression was still relatively weak and disorganized, and due to a number of factors, further strengthening was expected to be gradual. However, outflow over the cyclone improved throughout the day on September 19 as it drifted northward. At 0000 UTC on September 20, based on surface observations and reports from the Hurricane Hunters
Hurricane Hunters
The Hurricane Hunters are aircraft that fly into tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Ocean and Northeastern Pacific Ocean for the specific purpose of directly measuring weather data in and around those storms. In the United States, the Air Force, Navy, and NOAA units have all participated in...
, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and given the name Harvey. At around the same time, the storm became nearly stationary, but slowly began to turn eastward. Harvey remained disorganized due to persistent wind shear
Wind shear
Wind shear, sometimes referred to as windshear or wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere...
. In spite of the inhibiting shear, the cyclone strengthened to reach its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.35 inHg) late on September 20; it held this intensity for 24 hours.
By the early morning hours of September 21, Harvey had sped up and turned southeastward. The storm's center was poorly defined at the time and located to the northwest of the main area of thunderstorm activity. Nonetheless, the convection was strong in nature. The storm curved towards the east by mid-morning and moved ashore at Everglades City, Florida, at around 1700 UTC, still at its peak strength. It sped across the Florida Peninsula and began merging with a developing storm off the coast of South Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...
. By the next day, it had become completely absorbed by this cyclone. Its remnants bought very heavy rain to Atlantic Canada.
Preparations
Early on September 19, a tropical storm watch was issued for the west coast of Florida from Bonita Beach to the mouth of the Suwannee RiverSuwannee River
The Suwannee River is a major river of southern Georgia and northern Florida in the United States. It is a wild blackwater river, about long. The Suwannee River is the site of the prehistoric Suwannee Straits which separated peninsular Florida from the panhandle.-Geography:The river rises in the...
, which was upgraded to a tropical storm warning and hurricane watch the next day. Tropical storm watches were posted for the state's Atlantic coast north of Jupiter Inlet to near Flagler Beach
Flagler Beach, Florida
Flagler Beach is a city in Flagler and Volusia counties in the U.S. state of Florida. The population was 4,954 at the 2000 census, with an estimated population of 5,228 in 2004.Flagler Beach is part of the Palm Coast Metropolitan Statistical Area...
. A tropical storm watch and later a warning was issues for the northwestern Bahamas. The advisories were amended several times before being discontinued on September 20 through September 21.
In advance of the storm, public schools and many private schools closed. Although no mandatory evacuations were ordered, multiple shelters were opened in schools and churches. Some government offices shut down in anticipation of Harvey's onslaught. Several counties issued a state of emergency. Residents prepared individually by, for example, securing boats and lawn furniture. Free sand and sandbags were made available to the general public, and inmates filled bags for those physically unable to do so themselves. Officials at Lake Manatee
Lake Manatee
Lake Manatee is located in Manatee County in southwestern Florida in the United States On the Contenent of North America. Highway 64 crosses the eastern end of the lake, while the Lake Manatee State Park is found at the southwestern end. The Manatee River flows into the lake at the eastern end,...
began lowering the water level to help avoid flooding. In Hillsborough County
Hillsborough County, Florida
As of the census of 2000, there were 998,948 people, 391,357 households, and 255,164 families residing in the county. The population density was 951 people per square mile . There were 425,962 housing units at an average density of 405 per square mile...
, the threat of the storm forced the cancellation of local football programs.
The Tropicale, then owned by Carnival Cruise Lines
Carnival Cruise Lines
Carnival Cruise Lines is a British-American owned cruise line, based in Doral, Florida, a suburb of Miami in the United States. Originally an independent company founded in 1972 by Ted Arison, the company is now one of eleven cruise ship brands owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc...
, was left disabled after a fire onboard shut down the vessel's engines. The ship encountered 12 ft (3.7 m) seas in the Gulf of Mexico before restarting one of its engines and taking a path around the storm. It was initially planned to return to Tampa
Tampa, Florida
Tampa is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County. Tampa is located on the west coast of Florida. The population of Tampa in 2010 was 335,709....
. The ship provided meteorological reports from the storm that were used to evaluate its winds.
Impact
Tropical Storm Harvey dropped moderate to heavy rainfall throughout much of the Florida Panhandle
Florida Panhandle
The Florida Panhandle, an informal, unofficial term for the northwestern part of Florida, is a strip of land roughly 200 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide , lying between Alabama on the north and the west, Georgia also on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Its eastern boundary is...
, although the highest amounts were concentrated near its landfall location. Precipitation peaked at just over 10 inches (250 mm) in the Naples
Naples, Florida
Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of July 1, 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 21,653. Naples is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated total population of 315,839 on July 1, 2007...
area, causing significant street flooding. Storm surge
Storm surge
A storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones. Storm surges are caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the ordinary sea...
was light, running at 2.41 feet (0.73 m) at Fort Myers
Fort Myers, Florida
Fort Myers is the county seat and commercial center of Lee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 62,298 in the 2010 census, a 29.23 percent increase over the 2000 figure....
and 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) elsewhere. Some tidal flooding occurred at Everglades City, where a runway at the county airport was inundated. Minor coastal flooding was reported elsewhere, including along the Florida Keys
Florida Keys
The Florida Keys are a coral archipelago in southeast United States. They begin at the southeastern tip of the Florida peninsula, about south of Miami, and extend in a gentle arc south-southwest and then westward to Key West, the westernmost of the inhabited islands, and on to the uninhabited Dry...
; part of Florida State Road A1A
Florida State Road A1A
State Road A1A is a Florida State Road that runs mostly along the Atlantic Ocean, with sections from Key West at the southern tip of Florida, to Callahan, just south of Georgia. It is the main road through most oceanfront towns. SR A1A is designated the A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Highway, a...
was closed as a result. The surge combined with increased wave action to produce light beach erosion along the coast and in Everglades National Park
Everglades National Park
Everglades National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of Florida that protects the southern 25 percent of the original Everglades. It is the largest subtropical wilderness in the United States, and is visited on average by one million people each year. It is the third-largest...
.
The storm also spawned two tornadoes, in Collier
Collier County, Florida
Collier County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2000, the population was 251,377. The U.S. Census Bureau 2007 estimate for the county is 315,839...
and Miami-Dade
Miami-Dade County, Florida
Miami-Dade County is a county located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida. As of 2010 U.S. Census, the county had a population of 2,496,435, making it the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States...
counties, one of which tore the roof off a house. Winds in the Keys gusted to as high as 68 mph (109 km/h) off the coast of Key Largo
Key Largo
Key Largo is an island in the upper Florida Keys archipelago and, at long, the largest of the Keys. It is also the northernmost of the Florida Keys in Monroe County, and the northernmost of the Keys connected by U.S. Highway 1...
. A few trees were downed by the winds in the upper Keys, but little damage occurred otherwise. Overall, damage from the storm was light, totaling approximately $15 million (1999 USD; $ USD). The Collier County Emergency Operations Center reported 30 flooded homes and businesses. Several airports in the state canceled flights.
In the Bahamas, Harvey caused flooding in low-lying areas of three islands. The storm also produced light rainfall throughout Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...
and the Carolinas.
The remnants of the cyclone interacted with a trough
Trough (meteorology)
A trough is an elongated region of relatively low atmospheric pressure, often associated with fronts.Unlike fronts, there is not a universal symbol for a trough on a weather chart. The weather charts in some countries or regions mark troughs by a line. In the United States, a trough may be marked...
and caused torrential rains in Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada is the region of Canada comprising the four provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec: the three Maritime provinces – New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia – and Newfoundland and Labrador...
. In just 30 hours, some areas received in excess of 9.8 inches (280 mm) of precipitation. Rainfall from the remnants of Tropical Storm Harvey peaked at 11.89 inches (302 mm) in Oxford, Nova Scotia
Oxford, Nova Scotia
Oxford is a town in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada east of Amherst. The town is directly serviced by Routes 104, 204, 301, and 321.-History:...
, which ranked it as the wettest known tropical cyclone (or remnants) in Canada. The heavy rainfall caused severe flooding throughout Atlantic Canada, especially in the province of Nova Scotia. Several roads and basements flooded in Nova Scotia, including Highway 103
Nova Scotia Highway 103
Highway 103 is an east-west highway in Nova Scotia that runs from Halifax to Yarmouth.The highway follows a route of approximately 300 km along the province's South Shore region fronting the Atlantic coast. The route parallels its predecessor, local Trunk 3...
near Liverpool
Liverpool, Nova Scotia
Liverpool is a Canadian community and former town located along the Atlantic Ocean of the Province of Nova Scotia's South Shore. It is situated within the Region of Queens Municipality which is the local governmental unit that comprises all of Queens County, Nova Scotia...
. A road near Wolfville
Wolfville, Nova Scotia
Wolfville is a small town in the Annapolis Valley, Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada, located about northwest of the provincial capital, Halifax. As of 2006, the population was 3,772....
was also closed when the Gaspereau River overflowed. In addition, a street in Amherst
Amherst, Nova Scotia
Amherst is a Canadian town in northwestern Cumberland County, Nova Scotia.Located at the northeast end of the Cumberland Basin, an arm of the Bay of Fundy, Amherst is strategically situated on the eastern boundary of the Tantramar Marshes 3 kilometres east of the interprovincial border with New...
was closed due to runoff from sewer backups. Other forms of road damage included a bridge collapse near Collingwood
Collingwood, Nova Scotia
Collingwood is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Cumberland County .-References:*...
. Damage to roads in Oxford
Oxford, Nova Scotia
Oxford is a town in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada east of Amherst. The town is directly serviced by Routes 104, 204, 301, and 321.-History:...
alone was estimated at $3 million (1999 USD; $ USD).
See also
- List of Canada hurricanes
- List of Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)
- List of North Carolina hurricanes (1980–present)
- Other storms of the same name