Tsai Ting-kai
Encyclopedia
Cai Tingkai was a Chinese
general.
Cai was in overall command of the 19th Route Army
of the Republic of China
's National Revolutionary Army
and other Chinese forces responsible for holding off the Imperial Japanese Army
during the Shanghai War of 1932 on 28 January 1932.
In November 1933, Cai and fellow 19th Route Army officer Li Jishen
rebelled against the ruling Kuomintang
regime and, with Jiang Guangnai
, they established the Fujian People's Government
, on 22 November 1933. However the rebellion, known as the Fujian Incident, did not receive Communist support and, on 21 January 1934, it was defeated by the Kuomintang and Cai was forced to leave China for several years.
Later, in the Second Sino-Japanese War
(World War II
), Cai offered to return to command and returned to command the 26th Army Group in the Battle of South Guangxi
. He also traveled to the United States
to gain support from Chinese American
s for the war effort.
During the final stages of the Chinese Civil War
, Cai supported the Chinese Communists and was a signer of the "Proclamation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
" of 1 October 1949.
Cai was originally interred at the Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery but, since 1997, his remains have been at the Memorial Mausoleum of the Martyrs of Nineteenth Route Army in the Battle Against Japanese Aggressors at North Shanghai.
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
general.
Cai was in overall command of the 19th Route Army
19th Route Army
19th Route Army was an army in the Republic of China led by General Cai Tingkai. It gained a good reputation among Chinese for fighting the Japanese in Shanghai in the January 28 Incident in 1932...
of the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
's National Revolutionary Army
National Revolutionary Army
The National Revolutionary Army , pre-1928 sometimes shortened to 革命軍 or Revolutionary Army and between 1928-1947 as 國軍 or National Army was the Military Arm of the Kuomintang from 1925 until 1947, as well as the national army of the Republic of China during the KMT's period of party rule...
and other Chinese forces responsible for holding off the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army
-Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū...
during the Shanghai War of 1932 on 28 January 1932.
In November 1933, Cai and fellow 19th Route Army officer Li Jishen
Li Jishen
Li Jishen was a Chinese military commander and statesman. He served as commander of the Fourth Army of the Republic of China, governor of Guangdong, military affairs commissioner, and acting president of the Whampoa Military Academy...
rebelled against the ruling Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
regime and, with Jiang Guangnai
Jiang Guangnai
Jiang Guangnai was a general and statesman in the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China.-Defense of Shanghai:He became a bodyguard to Sun Yat-sen and, in 1932, was promoted to General and Commander in Chief of the 19th Route Army, leading it in the successful Defense of Shanghai...
, they established the Fujian People's Government
Fujian People's Government
The People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China , also known as the Fujian People's Government , was a short-lived anti-Kuomintang government in the Republic of China's Fujian Province...
, on 22 November 1933. However the rebellion, known as the Fujian Incident, did not receive Communist support and, on 21 January 1934, it was defeated by the Kuomintang and Cai was forced to leave China for several years.
Later, in the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
(World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
), Cai offered to return to command and returned to command the 26th Army Group in the Battle of South Guangxi
Battle of South Guangxi
The Battle of South Guangxi , was one of the 22 major engagements between the National Revolutionary Army and Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.In November 1939, the Japanese landed on the coast of Guangxi and captured Nanning...
. He also traveled to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to gain support from Chinese American
Chinese American
Chinese Americans represent Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans...
s for the war effort.
During the final stages of the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
, Cai supported the Chinese Communists and was a signer of the "Proclamation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
" of 1 October 1949.
Cai was originally interred at the Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery but, since 1997, his remains have been at the Memorial Mausoleum of the Martyrs of Nineteenth Route Army in the Battle Against Japanese Aggressors at North Shanghai.
Military career
- General Officer Commanding 10th Division
- General Officer Commanding 60th Division
- General Officer Commanding 19th Army
- 1934 General Officer Commanding 19th Route Army
- 1939 - 1940 Commander in Chief 26th Army Group
- 1945 Commander in Chief 16th Army Group