Tupolev Tu-104
Encyclopedia
Tupolev
Tupolev is a Russian aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Basmanny District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. Known officially as Public Stock Company Tupolev, it is the successor of the Tupolev OKB or Tupolev Design Bureau headed by the Soviet aerospace engineer A.N. Tupolev...
Tu-104 (NATO reporting name
NATO reporting name
NATO reporting names are classified code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc...
: Camel) was a twin-engined medium-range turbojet-powered Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
airliner
Airliner
An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such aircraft are operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial...
and the world's first successful jet airliner. Although it was the fourth jet airliner to fly (following, in order, the British de Havilland Comet
De Havilland Comet
The de Havilland DH 106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner to reach production. Developed and manufactured by de Havilland at the Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom headquarters, it first flew in 1949 and was a landmark in aeronautical design...
, Canadian Avro Canada C102 Jetliner, and French Sud Caravelle), the Tu-104 was the second to enter regular service (with Aeroflot
Aeroflot
OJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
) and the first to provide a sustained and successful service (the Comet had been withdrawn following a series of crashes due to structural failure). The Tu-104 was the sole jetliner
Jetliner
Jetliner are an alternative rock band from the USA. They focus on melodic piano based rock and have been compared to Queen and early Elton John, being heavily influenced by early 70s rock. Composed of Adam Paskowitz of The Flys, son of Doc Paskowitz, on piano and lead vocals, Jeff Kluesner on...
operating in the world between 1956 and 1958.
In 1957, Czechoslovak Airlines - ČSA, (now Czech Airlines
Czech Airlines
Czech Airlines j.s.c. , trading as Czech Airlines , is the national airline of the Czech Republic and temporary in Slovakia with its head office on the grounds of Ruzyně Airport in Ruzyně, Prague...
) became the first airline in the world to fly routes exclusively with jet airliners, using the Tu-104A variant. In civil service, the Tu-104 carried over 90 million passengers with Aeroflot (then the world's largest airline), and a lesser number with ČSA, while it also saw operations with the Soviet Air Force
Soviet Air Force
The Soviet Air Force, officially known in Russian as Военно-воздушные силы or Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily and often abbreviated VVS was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces...
. Its successors include the Tu-124
Tupolev Tu-124
The Tupolev Tu-124 was a 56 passenger short range twinjet airliner built in the Soviet Union. It was the world's first turbofan-powered airliner.- Design and development :...
(the first turbofan
Turbofan
The turbofan is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used for aircraft propulsion. A turbofan combines two types of engines, the turbo portion which is a conventional gas turbine engine, and the fan, a propeller-like ducted fan...
-powered airliner), the Tu-134
Tupolev Tu-134
The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engined airliner, similar to the American Douglas DC-9 and the French Sud Aviation Caravelle, and built in the Soviet Union from 1966–1984. The original version featured a glazed-nose design and, like certain other Russian airliners , it can operate from unpaved...
and the Tu-154
Tupolev Tu-154
The Tupolev Tu-154 is a three-engine medium-range narrow-body airliner designed in the mid 1960s and manufactured by Tupolev. As the mainstay 'workhorse' of Soviet and Russian airlines for several decades, it serviced over a sixth of the world's landmass and carried half of all passengers flown...
.
Design and development
At the beginning of the 1950s, the Soviet Union's Aeroflot airline needed a modern airliner with better capacity and performance than the piston engined aircraft then in operation. The design request was filled by the Tupolev OKB, which based their new airliner on its Tu-16 'Badger'Tupolev Tu-16
The Tupolev Tu-16 was a twin-engine jet bomber used by the Soviet Union. It has flown for more than 50 years, and the Chinese license-built Xian H-6 remains in service with the Chinese air force.-Development:...
strategic bomber. The wings, engines, and tail surfaces of the Tu-16 were retained in the airliner, but the new design adopted a wider, pressurised fuselage designed to accommodate 50 passengers. The prototype (SSSR-L5400) first flew on June 17, 1955 with Yu.L. Alasheyev at the controls at Kharkov plant in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. It was fitted with drag chute to shorten landing distance by up to 400 metres (1,312.3 ft).
The arrival of the Tu-104 in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
during a 1956 state visit by Nikolai Bulganin
Nikolai Bulganin
Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin was a prominent Soviet politician, who served as Minister of Defense and Premier of the Soviet Union . The Bulganin beard is named after him.-Early career:...
and Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
totally surprised Western observers who, at the time, thought the Soviets lacked the advanced technology required to build a commercial airliner with such performance. By the time production ceased in 1960
1960 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1960:-January:* January 1 – Fiji Airways is reconstituted, becoming equally owned by BOAC, Qantas, and Tasman Empire Airways....
, about 200 had been built.
The Tu-104 was powered by two Mikulin AM-3 turbojets placed at the wing/fuselage junction (similar to the de Havilland Comet
De Havilland Comet
The de Havilland DH 106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner to reach production. Developed and manufactured by de Havilland at the Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom headquarters, it first flew in 1949 and was a landmark in aeronautical design...
). The crew consisted of 5 people: two pilots, a navigator (placed in the glazed "bomber" nose), a flight engineer and a radio operator (the radio operator was later eliminated). The airplane raised great curiosity by its lavish "Victorian" interior - called so by some Western-hemisphere observers - due to the materials used: mahogany
Mahogany
The name mahogany is used when referring to numerous varieties of dark-colored hardwood. It is a native American word originally used for the wood of the species Swietenia mahagoni, known as West Indian or Cuban mahogany....
, copper
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
and lace
Lace
Lace is an openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. Lace-making is an ancient craft. True lace was...
.
Tu-104 pilots were trained on the Il-28
Ilyushin Il-28
The Ilyushin Il-28 is a jet bomber aircraft of the immediate postwar period that was originally manufactured for the Soviet Air Force. It was the USSR's first such aircraft to enter large-scale production. It was also licence-built in China as the Harbin H-5. Total production in the USSR was 6,316...
bomber, followed by mail flights on an unarmed Tu-16 bomber painted in Aeroflot colors, between Moscow and Sverdlovsk. Pilots with previous Tu-16 transitioned into the Tu-104 with relative ease. The Tu-104 was considered tricky to fly, as it was heavy in the air, and had poor response to controls, with a tendency to stall at low speeds.
Experience with the Tu-104 led the Tupolev Design Bureau to develop the Tupolev Tu-124
Tupolev Tu-124
The Tupolev Tu-124 was a 56 passenger short range twinjet airliner built in the Soviet Union. It was the world's first turbofan-powered airliner.- Design and development :...
, designed for local markets, and subsequently the more commercially successful Tu-134
Tupolev Tu-134
The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engined airliner, similar to the American Douglas DC-9 and the French Sud Aviation Caravelle, and built in the Soviet Union from 1966–1984. The original version featured a glazed-nose design and, like certain other Russian airliners , it can operate from unpaved...
Operational history
On September 15, 1956, the Tu-104 began revenue service on Aeroflot's MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
-Omsk
Omsk
-History:The wooden fort of Omsk was erected in 1716 to protect the expanding Russian frontier along the Ishim and the Irtysh rivers against the Kyrgyz nomads of the Steppes...
-Irkutsk
Irkutsk
Irkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov...
route, replacing the piston-engined Ilyushin Il-14
Ilyushin Il-14
The Ilyushin Il-14 was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VVB Flugzeugbau, in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14, and in China under the Chinese...
. The flight time was reduced from 13 hours and 50 minutes to 7 hours and 40 minutes, and the new jet dramatically increased the level of passenger comfort. By 1957, Aeroflot had placed the Tu-104 in service on routes from Vnukovo Airport in Moscow to London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
, Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...
, Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
, Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
, Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, and Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
.
In 1957, ČSA Czechoslovak Airlines
Czech Airlines
Czech Airlines j.s.c. , trading as Czech Airlines , is the national airline of the Czech Republic and temporary in Slovakia with its head office on the grounds of Ruzyně Airport in Ruzyně, Prague...
became the only export customer for the Tu-104, placing the aircraft on routes to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
. ČSA bought six Tu-104As (four new and two used examples) configured for 81 passengers. Three of these aircraft were subsequently written off (one due to a re-fueling incident and another to pilot error without fatalities).
In 1959 the plane was leased to Sir Henry Lunn Ltd. (Lunn Poly
Lunn Poly
Lunn Poly was the largest chain of travel agents in the United Kingdom. The company originated from two successful travel agencies which had been established in 1890s; The Polytechnic Touring Association and Sir Henry Lunn Travel. Both firms were acquired in the 1950s by the British Eagle airline...
) of London who used the plane for 12 holidays to Russia and boasted of a 4.5 hours flight.
The Tu-104 continued to be used by Aeroflot throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Some 16 aircraft were lost in crashes (some due to highjackings/bombings). The safety record is comparable to other early jet airliners of its day, but was poor compared to more modern airliners. Aeroflot retired the Tu-104 from civil service in March 1979 following a fatal accident at Moscow.
Following this, several aircraft were transferred to the Soviet military, which used them as staff transports and to train cosmonauts in zero gravity
Vomit Comet
A Reduced Gravity Aircraft is a type of fixed-wing aircraft that briefly provides a nearly weightless environment in which to train astronauts, conduct research and film motion pictures....
. However, after a Tu-104 crash in February 1981 killed 52 people (17 of whom were senior army and naval staff), the type was permanently removed from service. The last flight of the Tu-104 was a ferry flight to a museum in Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk The city is the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin , for whom it is named.-History:Simbirsk was founded in 1648 by the boyar Bogdan Khitrovo. The fort of "Simbirsk" was strategically placed on a hill on the Western bank of the Volga River...
in 1986.
Variants
Data from:- Tu-104 - initial version seating 50 passengers. It used 2 Mikulin AM-3 each with 6,735 kg of thrust. 29 airframes were built.
- Tu-104 - the first production version, 50 seats, 29 built
- Tu-104A - Improved version appearing in June 1957; continuing improvements in the Mikulin engines (Mikulin AM-3M each with 8,700 kg of thrust) permitted significant growth resulting in a 70-seater variant. The Tu-104A became the definitive production variant. On September 6, 1957, it flew with 20 t of payload at 11,211 m of altitude. On September 24, 1957, it reached 970.8 km/h average speed with a 2 tonne payload. A total of 80 airframes were built, of which six were exported to Czechoslovakia.
- Tu-104B - Further improvements made by stretching fuselage 1.2 meters and fitting with new Mikulin AM-3M-500 turbojets (9,700 kg of thrust each). The Tu-104B was able to accommodate 100 passengers. This variant took advantage of using the newer fuselage from the Tupolev Tu-110Tupolev Tu-110|-See also:-References:* Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1 85532 405 9* Gordon,Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-104”. Midland. Hinkley. 2007. ISBN 978 1 85780 265 8-External links:...
and the existing wings. It began revenue service with Aeroflot on April 15, 1959 on the Moscow-Saint Petersburg route. A total of 95 airframes were built. Most were subsequently were re-equipped as the Tu-104B-115 with 115 seats and a new navigation and flight and radio equipment; - Tu-104V - The first use of this designation was for a projected 117 seat medium haul version with six-abreast seating. Project cancelled
- Tu-104D - VIP version with two sleeper cabins forward and a 39 seat cabin aft.
- Tu-104G - VIP version for the Federal government with two VIP cabins forward and a 54 seat cabin aft.
- Tu-104E - A higher performance Tu-104 powered by RD16-15 engines giving better fuel economy as well as higher thrust. Two prototypes were converted from Tu-104B's CCCP-42441 and CCCP-42443, but the programme was cancelled in the mid 1960's in favour of the Tu-154.
- Tu-104V - The second use of this designation was used for Tu-104A airframes rebuilt to accommodate 100/105 passengers. A later version packed 115 passengers in by reducing seat pitch and adding seat rows.
- Tu-104D-85 - Tu-104A airframes rebuilt to accommodate 85 passengers.
- Tu-104V-115 - Tu-104B airframes rebuilt to accommodate 115 passengers, with new radio and navigational equipment.
- Tu-104AK – one unit modified for Zero-G Cosmonaut training
- Tu104-SH - Navigator trainer in two versions
- Tu-104LL –Several serial numbers converted for use in testing Tu-129, Tu-22M electronics, and air to air missile systems (including launch).
- Tu-107 – Proposed military transport version with rear loading ramp and defensive turret armed with paired cannon. Project cancelled
- Tu-110 - Four-engined version intended for export. A number of prototypes were built; project cancelled.
- Tu-118 - A projected turboprop powered medium haul airliner variant to be powered by Kuznetsov TV-2 or NK-8 turboprop engines.
- Tu-124 - Turbofan powered short-haul redesign of the Tu-104.
Former Operators
Czechoslovakia
- CSA Czechoslovak AirlinesCzech AirlinesCzech Airlines j.s.c. , trading as Czech Airlines , is the national airline of the Czech Republic and temporary in Slovakia with its head office on the grounds of Ruzyně Airport in Ruzyně, Prague...
- Six aircraft. - Czechoslovakian Air Force
- Military of MongoliaMilitary of MongoliaThe military of Mongolia has four branches: general purpose forces, border defense forces, internal security forces, and air force. This is a peace-time structure...
- AeroflotAeroflotOJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
- Soviet Air ForceSoviet Air ForceThe Soviet Air Force, officially known in Russian as Военно-воздушные силы or Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily and often abbreviated VVS was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces...
Accidents and incidents
According to the American Flight Safety FoundationFlight Safety Foundation
Flight Safety Foundation is an independent, nonprofit, international organization dedicated to research, education, advocacy and publishing in the field of air safety. FSF brings together aviation professionals from all the sectors to help solve safety problems facing the industry...
, between 1958 and 1981, 16 Tu-104s were lost in crashes out of 37 aircraft written off (hull loss rate = 18%). Noted incidents include:
- June 30, 1962 – Aeroflot Flight SSSR-42370 was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile during a training exercise, killing all aboard.
- October 13, 1973 - While on approach to Domodedovo International AirportDomodedovo International AirportMoscow Domodedovo Airport or Domodedovo International Airport is an international airport located in Domodedovsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia, south-southeast of the centre of Moscow...
, an Aeroflot Tu-104 suffered an electrical power failure, disabling the compass and gyros. Due to the difficulty of establishing their heading, the plane crashed into the ground, killing all 5 crew and 114 passengers. This was the largest single accident involving the Tu-104 and led to the aircraft being removed from commercial service. - May 18, 1974 - A hijacker detonated an explosive device on a scheduled flight from Irkutsk to Chita, it crashed near Lake Baikal killing all aboard.
- February 1981, A Soviet Navy Tu-104A crashed after takeoff killing all aboard, including most of the senior staff of the Soviet Pacific Fleet. The accident was due to improper loading and caused the grounding of all remaining military Tu-104s.
| Date | Tail number | Crash Site | Casualties | Brief description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 Feb 1958 |  Soviet Union Л5414 |
Soviet Union Savasleyka Savasleyka Savasleyka is an air base in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.It is located near the village of Savasleyka in Kulebaksky District, between the towns of Vyksa , Kulebaki and Navashino .The name of the base is also often transcribed into English as... |
no data | crashed landed after running out of fuel |
| 15 Aug 1958 | Soviet Union Л5442 |
Soviet Union Chita Chita -Places:* Chita, Aichi, a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan* Chita District, Aichi, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan* Chita Peninsula, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan* Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, a city in Russia... |
64/64 | stalled and went into spin |
| 17 October 1958 | Soviet Union 42362 |
Soviet Union Kanash Kanash Kanash is a town in the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located from the republic's capital city of Cheboksary at a major railway junction. It serves as the administrative center of Kanashsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Population: Area: .Kanash was founded in 1891... |
73/73 | went into spin |
| 21 October 1960 | Soviet Union 42452 |
Soviet Union Ust-Orda |
3/3 | unknown |
| 1 February 1961 | Soviet Union 42357 |
Soviet Union Vladivostok Vladivostok The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m... |
0 | rough landing; overran runway |
| 13 March 1961 | Soviet Union 42438 |
Soviet Union Koltsovo Koltsovo Koltsovo may refer to:*Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia*Koltsovo, Yekaterinburg, a former urban-type settlement in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia; now a part of the city of Yekaterinburg... |
5/5 | engine failure after takeoff in storm |
| 10 July 1961 | Soviet Union 42447 |
Soviet Union Odessa Odessa Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,... |
1/85 | rough landing in storm |
| 10 July 1961 | Soviet Union 42388 |
Soviet Union Tashkent Tashkent Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was about 2.2 million. Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.-Early Islamic History:... |
0 | rough landing |
| 10 July 1961 | Soviet Union 42504 |
Soviet Union Vladivostok Vladivostok The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m... |
0 | rough landing |
| 4 June 1962 | Soviet Union 42491 |
 Bulgaria SophiaSophia -Geography:* Sofia, the capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria* Sofia Zoo, a zoo in Sofia, Bulgaria* Sofia Province, a province of Bulgaria* Sophia, West Virginia* Sophia, a former name of Niulakita, the southernmost island of Tuvalu... |
5/5 | crashed into mountain after engine failure |
| 30 June 1962 | Soviet Union 42370 |
Soviet Union Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third largest city in Siberia, with the population of 973,891. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of... |
84/84 | mistakenly shot down by anti-aircraft missile |
| 2 September 1962 | Soviet Union 42366 |
Soviet Union Khabarovsk Khabarovsk Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia... |
86/86 | lost control on takeoff |
| 25 October 1962 | Soviet Union 42495 |
Soviet Union Sheremetyevo Sheremetyevo International Airport Sheremetyevo International Airport , is an international airport located in the Moscow Oblast, Russia, north-west of central Moscow. It is a hub for the passenger operations of the Russian international airline Aeroflot, and one of the three major airports serving Moscow along with Domodedovo... |
10/10 | Test flight (rudder controls reversed) |
| 16 March 1963 | Czechoslovakia OK-LDB |
 India Bombay |
0/0 | caught fire during refueling |
| 18 May 1963 | Soviet Union 42483 |
Soviet Union Leningrad Leningrad Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province... |
no data | went into spin on landing |
| 18 May 1963 | Soviet Union 42492 |
Soviet Union Irkutsk Irkutsk Irkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov... |
32/32 | short landing 2 km from runway |
| 9 June 1964 | Soviet Union 42476 |
Soviet Union Novosibirsk Novosibirsk Novosibirsk is the third-largest city in Russia, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the largest city of Siberia, with a population of 1,473,737 . It is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast as well as of the Siberian Federal District... |
no data | Overran runway while landing in storm |
| 28 April 1969 | Soviet Union 42436 |
Soviet Union Irkutsk Irkutsk Irkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov... |
no data | landed 600 meters short of runway |
| 1 June 1970 | Czechoslovakia OK-NDD |
 Libya TripoliTripoli Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three... |
13/13 | crashed 5.5 km short of runway |
| 25 July 1971 | Soviet Union 42405 |
Soviet Union Irkutsk Irkutsk Irkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov... |
97/126 | landed 200 meters short of runway; caught fire |
| 10 October 1971 | Soviet Union 42490 |
Soviet Union Vnukovo Vnukovo International Airport Vnukovo International Airport , is a dual runway international airport located southwest from the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of three major airports serving Moscow... |
20/20 | explosion in cargo bay on takeoff |
| 23 April 1973 | Soviet Union 42505 |
Soviet Union Leningrad Leningrad Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province... |
2/57 | failed hijacking; explosion caused depressurization |
| 18 May 1973 | Soviet Union 42411 |
Soviet Union Buryat ASSR Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the former Soviet Union.... |
82/82 | hijacking on flight from Irkutsk to Chita; exploded mid-air |
| 29 August 1973 | Czechoslovakia OK-MDE |
 Cyprus NicosiaNicosia Nicosia from , known locally as Lefkosia , is the capital and largest city in Cyprus, as well as its main business center. Nicosia is the only divided capital in the world, with the southern and the northern portions divided by a Green Line... |
0/70 | rough landing due to pilot error |
| 30 September 1973 | Soviet Union 42506 |
Soviet Union Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk is a city in Luhansk Oblast of south-eastern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of Sverdlovskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located approximately 80 km from the oblast capital, Luhansk.The current estimated... |
108/108 | Mechanical failure on flight between Sverdlovsk — Khabarovsk |
| 13 October 1973 | Soviet Union 42486 |
Soviet Union Domodedovo |
119/119 | Power failure and loss of control |
| 7 December 1973 | Soviet Union 42503 |
Soviet Union near Moscow Moscow Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent... |
13/72 | rough landing in poor weather |
| 5 November 1974 | Soviet Union 42501 |
Soviet Union Chita |
0/no data | overran runway |
| 30 August 1975 | Soviet Union 42472 |
Soviet Union Novosibirsk Novosibirsk Novosibirsk is the third-largest city in Russia, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the largest city of Siberia, with a population of 1,473,737 . It is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast as well as of the Siberian Federal District... |
0/no data | landing gear failed on landing |
| 9 February 1976 | Soviet Union 42327 |
Soviet Union Irkutsk Irkutsk Irkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov... |
24/115 | crashed on takeoff |
| 17 July 1976 | Soviet Union 42335 |
Soviet Union Chita |
0/no data | crashed on takeoff due to overloading |
| 28 November 1976 | Soviet Union 42471 |
Soviet Union Sheremetyevo |
72/72 | instrument failure, loss of control |
| 1976 | Soviet Union 42371 |
Soviet Union Kiev Kiev Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press.... |
no data | engine failure on landing |
| 13 January 1977 | Soviet Union 42369 |
Soviet Union Alma-Ata |
96/96 | engine failure; mid-air explosion |
| 17 March 1979 | Soviet Union 42444 |
Soviet Union near Moscow Moscow Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent... |
86/106 | false alarm on engine in takeoff led to crash while attempting to return to airport |
| 7 February 1981 | Soviet Union 42332 |
Soviet Union Pushkin Pushkin (town) Pushkin is a municipal town in Pushkinsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located south from the center of St. Petersburg proper, and its train station, Detskoye Selo, is directly connected by railway to the Vitebsky Rail Terminal of the city... |
52/52 | Soviet Navy flight; failed takeoff due to shifting cargo |
