Tupolev Tu-134
Encyclopedia
The Tupolev
Tu-134 (NATO reporting name
: Crusty) is a twin-engined airliner
, similar to the American Douglas DC-9 and the French Sud Aviation Caravelle
, and built in the Soviet Union from 1966–1984. The original version featured a glazed-nose design and, like certain other Russian airliners (including its sister model the Tu-154
), it can operate from unpaved airfields. One of the most widely used aircraft in former Warsaw Pact
countries, the number in active service is decreasing because of noise restrictions. The model has seen long-term service with some 42 countries, with some European airlines having scheduled as many as 12 daily takeoffs and landings per plane. In addition to regular passenger service, it has also been used in various air force, army and navy support roles; for pilot and navigator training; and for aviation research and test projects. In recent years, a number of Tu-134s have been converted for use as VIP transports and business jets. A total of 852 Tu-134s were built of all versions (including test bed examples) with Aeroflot
as the largest user; by 1995, the Tu-134 had carried 360 million passengers for that airline.
, airliner manufacturers around the world rushed to adopt the new layout. Its advantages included clean wing airflow without disruption by nacelles or pylons and decreased cabin noise. At the same time, placing heavy engines that far back created challenges with the location of the center of gravity in relation to the center of lift, which was at the wings. To make room for the engines, the tailplanes had to be relocated to the tail fin, which had to be stronger and therefore heavier, further compounding the tail-heavy arrangement.
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During a 1960 visit to France, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
was so impressed by the quiet cabin of the Caravelle, that on 1 August 1960 the Tupolev OKB
received an official directive to create the Tu-124A
with a similar engine arrangement. The requirement was also driven by the need to replace slow, aging piston-engined Il-14
s on domestic routes. In 1961, the Soviet state airline, Aeroflot
, updated its requirement specifications to include greater payload and passenger capacity.
The first Tu-124A prototype, SSSR-45075, first flew on 29 July 1963. Then, on 22 October 1963, the British BAC One-Eleven
, which had a similar layout, crashed with the loss of all crew. The aircraft had stalled shortly after takeoff and entered pitch-up
: The high-mounted tailplane became trapped in the turbulent wake produced by the wings (see deep stall), which prevented recovery from the stall. As a result, the tailplane on Tu-124A was enlarged by 30% for greater control authority. Since Aeroflot's requirements dictated a larger aircraft than initially planned, the Soloviev
design bureau developed the more powerful D-30 low-bypass turbofan
engines. On 20 November 1963, the new airliner was officially designated Tu-134.
Design curiosities of the Tu-134 included a sharp wing sweepback of 35 degrees, compared to 25-28 degrees in its counterparts. The engines on early production Tu-134s lacked thrust reversers, which made the aircraft one of the few airliners to use a brake parachute for landing. The majority of onboard electronics operated on direct current
. The lineage of early Soviet airliners could be traced directly to the Tupolev Tu-16
strategic bomber, and the Tu-134 carried over the glass nose for the navigator and the landing gear fitted with low-pressure tires to permit operation from unpaved airfields.
Serial production began in 1966 at the Kharkov Aviation Production Association, and production of the Tu-126
was discontinued. The Tu-134 was designed for short-haul lines with low passenger traffic. Originally the aircraft had 56 seats in a single class configuration, or 50 seats in a two-class configuration.
In 1968, Tupolev began work on an improved Tu-134 variant with a 72 seat capacity. The fuselage received a 2.1 metre plug for greater passenger capacity and an auxiliary power unit
in the tail. As a result, the maximum range was reduced from 3100 kilometers to 2770 kilometers. The upgraded D-30 engines now featured thrust reversers, replacing the cumbersome parachute. The first Tu-134A, converted from a production Tu-134, flew on 22 April 1969. The first airline flight was on 9 November 1970.
An upgraded version, the Tu-134B began production in 1980, with the navigator position finally abandoned, and seating capacity increased to 96 seats. Efforts subsequently began to develop a Tu-134D with increased engine thrust, but the project was cancelled.
. The Tu-134 was the first Soviet airliner to receive international certification from the International Civil Aviation Organization
, which permitted it to be used on international routes. Due to this certification, Aeroflot used most of its Tu-134s on international routes. In 1968, the first export customers, Interflug
of East Germany
and LOT Polish Airlines
purchased the Tu-134. In spring, 1969, the Tu-134 was displayed at the Paris Air Show
.
From 1972, Aeroflot began placing the Tu-134 in domestic service to Baku
, Yerevan
, Kiev
, Kishinev, Krasnodar
, Leningrad
, Omsk
, Riga
, and Sochi
from Sheremetyevo International Airport
in Moscow.
In its early years, the Tu-134 developed a reputation for reliability and efficiency, especially when compared with previous Soviet designs. However, after the establishment of tougher noise standards in the ICAO regulations in 2002, the Tu-134 was banned from most western European airports for its high noise levels. As late as early 2006, 245 Tu-134s were still in operation, 162 of which were in Russia.
However, after a fatal accident in March 2007, and at the instigation of Russian Minister of Transportation Igor Levitin
, Aeroflot announced that it would be retiring its fleet, and the last Tu-134 was removed from service on 1 January 2008. However, some are still in operations with Aeroflot subsidiaries on local routes within Russia. The Tu-134 also found a new life as a business jet
with many having an expensive business interior. High fuel and maintenance costs are increasing limiting the number used today. In June 2011 as a response to the accident where 45 people where killed when a plane was attempting to land in heavy fog, Russian president Dmitry Medvedev
ordered preparations for taking the Tu-134 out of use by 2012.
Many Tu-134s have been preserved as memorials at airports throughout the former Soviet Union.
Tu-134A
Tu-134A-2
Tu-134A-3
Tu-134A-5
Tu-134B
Tu-134BV
Tu-134LK
Tu-134UBL
Tu-134UBK
Tu-134BSh
Tu-134SKh
service. Major operators include:
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Air Force
Kyrgyzstan
North Korea
/
Afghanistan
: People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola
Belarus: Belarus Air Force
: Czech Air Force
. Retired.
: Czechoslovakian Air Force. Passed on successor states.
Bulgaria: Bulgarian Air Force
. Retired.
: Luftwaffe
. Former operator, taken over from East German Air Force after German reunification
: Georgian Air Force
: East German Air Force
: Moldovan Air Force
: North Korean Air Force
: Polish Air Force
. Operated 2 from 1972 to 1977 (later LOT) and 2 from 1977 to 1992. Retired, replaced by 2 Tupolev Tu-154
M.
: Syrian Air Force
: Ukrainian Air Force
Source: Aircraft Accident Database
Tupolev
Tupolev is a Russian aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Basmanny District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. Known officially as Public Stock Company Tupolev, it is the successor of the Tupolev OKB or Tupolev Design Bureau headed by the Soviet aerospace engineer A.N. Tupolev...
Tu-134 (NATO reporting name
NATO reporting name
NATO reporting names are classified code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc...
: Crusty) is a twin-engined airliner
Airliner
An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such aircraft are operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial...
, similar to the American Douglas DC-9 and the French Sud Aviation Caravelle
Sud Aviation Caravelle
The Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle was the first short/medium-range jet airliner produced by the French Sud Aviation firm starting in 1955 . The Caravelle was one of the more successful European first generation jetliners, selling throughout Europe and even penetrating the United States market, with...
, and built in the Soviet Union from 1966–1984. The original version featured a glazed-nose design and, like certain other Russian airliners (including its sister model the Tu-154
Tupolev Tu-154
The Tupolev Tu-154 is a three-engine medium-range narrow-body airliner designed in the mid 1960s and manufactured by Tupolev. As the mainstay 'workhorse' of Soviet and Russian airlines for several decades, it serviced over a sixth of the world's landmass and carried half of all passengers flown...
), it can operate from unpaved airfields. One of the most widely used aircraft in former Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance , or more commonly referred to as the Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist states in Eastern Europe...
countries, the number in active service is decreasing because of noise restrictions. The model has seen long-term service with some 42 countries, with some European airlines having scheduled as many as 12 daily takeoffs and landings per plane. In addition to regular passenger service, it has also been used in various air force, army and navy support roles; for pilot and navigator training; and for aviation research and test projects. In recent years, a number of Tu-134s have been converted for use as VIP transports and business jets. A total of 852 Tu-134s were built of all versions (including test bed examples) with Aeroflot
Aeroflot
OJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
as the largest user; by 1995, the Tu-134 had carried 360 million passengers for that airline.
Design and development
Following the introduction of engines mounted on pylons on the rear fuselage by the French Sud Aviation CaravelleSud Aviation Caravelle
The Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle was the first short/medium-range jet airliner produced by the French Sud Aviation firm starting in 1955 . The Caravelle was one of the more successful European first generation jetliners, selling throughout Europe and even penetrating the United States market, with...
, airliner manufacturers around the world rushed to adopt the new layout. Its advantages included clean wing airflow without disruption by nacelles or pylons and decreased cabin noise. At the same time, placing heavy engines that far back created challenges with the location of the center of gravity in relation to the center of lift, which was at the wings. To make room for the engines, the tailplanes had to be relocated to the tail fin, which had to be stronger and therefore heavier, further compounding the tail-heavy arrangement.
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
was so impressed by the quiet cabin of the Caravelle, that on 1 August 1960 the Tupolev OKB
OKB
OKB is a transliteration of the Russian acronym for "Опытное конструкторское бюро" - Opytnoe Konstructorskoe Byuro, meaning Experimental Design Bureau...
received an official directive to create the Tu-124A
Tupolev Tu-124
The Tupolev Tu-124 was a 56 passenger short range twinjet airliner built in the Soviet Union. It was the world's first turbofan-powered airliner.- Design and development :...
with a similar engine arrangement. The requirement was also driven by the need to replace slow, aging piston-engined Il-14
Il-14
IL-14 can refer to:*Ilyushin Il-14, a Soviet twin-engine aircraft*Interleukin 14, a protein important in immunology*Illinois's 14th congressional district*Illinois Route 14...
s on domestic routes. In 1961, the Soviet state airline, Aeroflot
Aeroflot
OJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
, updated its requirement specifications to include greater payload and passenger capacity.
The first Tu-124A prototype, SSSR-45075, first flew on 29 July 1963. Then, on 22 October 1963, the British BAC One-Eleven
BAC One-Eleven
The British Aircraft Corporation One-Eleven, also known as the BAC-111, BAC-1-11 or BAC 1-11, was a British short-range jet airliner of the 1960s and 1970s...
, which had a similar layout, crashed with the loss of all crew. The aircraft had stalled shortly after takeoff and entered pitch-up
Pitch-up
In aerodynamics, pitch-up is a severe form of stall in an aircraft. It is directly related to inherent properties of all swept wings.-History:Pitch-up problems were first noticed on high-speed test aircraft with swept wings...
: The high-mounted tailplane became trapped in the turbulent wake produced by the wings (see deep stall), which prevented recovery from the stall. As a result, the tailplane on Tu-124A was enlarged by 30% for greater control authority. Since Aeroflot's requirements dictated a larger aircraft than initially planned, the Soloviev
Soloviev
Soloviev was a Soviet design bureau for aircraft engines, led by Pavel Aleksandrovich Soloviev. It first became notable for the D-15 engine that powered the Myasishchev M-50 in 1957. Other notable designs included the D-25 turboshaft and D-20 and D-30 turbofans.Following the dissolution of the...
design bureau developed the more powerful D-30 low-bypass turbofan
Turbofan
The turbofan is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used for aircraft propulsion. A turbofan combines two types of engines, the turbo portion which is a conventional gas turbine engine, and the fan, a propeller-like ducted fan...
engines. On 20 November 1963, the new airliner was officially designated Tu-134.
Design curiosities of the Tu-134 included a sharp wing sweepback of 35 degrees, compared to 25-28 degrees in its counterparts. The engines on early production Tu-134s lacked thrust reversers, which made the aircraft one of the few airliners to use a brake parachute for landing. The majority of onboard electronics operated on direct current
Direct current
Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through...
. The lineage of early Soviet airliners could be traced directly to the Tupolev Tu-16
Tupolev Tu-16
The Tupolev Tu-16 was a twin-engine jet bomber used by the Soviet Union. It has flown for more than 50 years, and the Chinese license-built Xian H-6 remains in service with the Chinese air force.-Development:...
strategic bomber, and the Tu-134 carried over the glass nose for the navigator and the landing gear fitted with low-pressure tires to permit operation from unpaved airfields.
Serial production began in 1966 at the Kharkov Aviation Production Association, and production of the Tu-126
Tupolev Tu-126
|-See also:-Bibliography:*Duffy, Paul and Kandalov, Andrei. Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft. Shrewsbury, UK:Airlife, 1996. ISBN 1 85310 728 X....
was discontinued. The Tu-134 was designed for short-haul lines with low passenger traffic. Originally the aircraft had 56 seats in a single class configuration, or 50 seats in a two-class configuration.
In 1968, Tupolev began work on an improved Tu-134 variant with a 72 seat capacity. The fuselage received a 2.1 metre plug for greater passenger capacity and an auxiliary power unit
Auxiliary power unit
An auxiliary power unit is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are commonly found on large aircraft, as well as some large land vehicles.-Function:...
in the tail. As a result, the maximum range was reduced from 3100 kilometers to 2770 kilometers. The upgraded D-30 engines now featured thrust reversers, replacing the cumbersome parachute. The first Tu-134A, converted from a production Tu-134, flew on 22 April 1969. The first airline flight was on 9 November 1970.
An upgraded version, the Tu-134B began production in 1980, with the navigator position finally abandoned, and seating capacity increased to 96 seats. Efforts subsequently began to develop a Tu-134D with increased engine thrust, but the project was cancelled.
Operational history
In September 1967, the Tu-134 made its first scheduled flight from Moscow to AdlerAdler-Sochi International Airport
Sochi International Airport is an airport located in Adler District of the resort city of Sochi, on the coast of the Black Sea in the federal subject of Krasnodar Krai, Russia....
. The Tu-134 was the first Soviet airliner to receive international certification from the International Civil Aviation Organization
International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization , pronounced , , is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth...
, which permitted it to be used on international routes. Due to this certification, Aeroflot used most of its Tu-134s on international routes. In 1968, the first export customers, Interflug
Interflug
Interflug was the state airline of East Germany from 1963 to 1991, when it ceased operations following German reunification...
of East Germany
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...
and LOT Polish Airlines
LOT Polish Airlines
Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. , trading as LOT Polish Airlines, is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw, LOT was established in 1929, making it one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. Using a fleet of 55 aircraft, LOT operates a complex network to 60 destinations in Europe,...
purchased the Tu-134. In spring, 1969, the Tu-134 was displayed at the Paris Air Show
Paris Air Show
The Paris Air Show is the world's oldest and largest air show. Established in 1909, it is currently held every odd year at Le Bourget Airport in north Paris, France...
.
From 1972, Aeroflot began placing the Tu-134 in domestic service to Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
, Yerevan
Yerevan
Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country...
, Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
, Kishinev, Krasnodar
Krasnodar
Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai . Population: -Name:...
, Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
, Omsk
Omsk
-History:The wooden fort of Omsk was erected in 1716 to protect the expanding Russian frontier along the Ishim and the Irtysh rivers against the Kyrgyz nomads of the Steppes...
, Riga
Riga
Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,...
, and Sochi
Sochi
Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
from Sheremetyevo International Airport
Sheremetyevo International Airport
Sheremetyevo International Airport , is an international airport located in the Moscow Oblast, Russia, north-west of central Moscow. It is a hub for the passenger operations of the Russian international airline Aeroflot, and one of the three major airports serving Moscow along with Domodedovo...
in Moscow.
In its early years, the Tu-134 developed a reputation for reliability and efficiency, especially when compared with previous Soviet designs. However, after the establishment of tougher noise standards in the ICAO regulations in 2002, the Tu-134 was banned from most western European airports for its high noise levels. As late as early 2006, 245 Tu-134s were still in operation, 162 of which were in Russia.
However, after a fatal accident in March 2007, and at the instigation of Russian Minister of Transportation Igor Levitin
Igor Levitin
Igor Yevgeniyevich Levitin is a Russian political figure who has been Minister of Transport since March 9, 2004.Between 1973 and 1980 Levitin served in the Soviet armed forces in Odessa and then with the Armies Southern Division...
, Aeroflot announced that it would be retiring its fleet, and the last Tu-134 was removed from service on 1 January 2008. However, some are still in operations with Aeroflot subsidiaries on local routes within Russia. The Tu-134 also found a new life as a business jet
Business jet
Business jet, private jet or, colloquially, bizjet is a term describing a jet aircraft, usually of smaller size, designed for transporting groups of up to 19 business people or wealthy individuals...
with many having an expensive business interior. High fuel and maintenance costs are increasing limiting the number used today. In June 2011 as a response to the accident where 45 people where killed when a plane was attempting to land in heavy fog, Russian president Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev is the third President of the Russian Federation.Born to a family of academics, Medvedev graduated from the Law Department of Leningrad State University in 1987. He defended his dissertation in 1990 and worked as a docent at his alma mater, now renamed to Saint...
ordered preparations for taking the Tu-134 out of use by 2012.
Many Tu-134s have been preserved as memorials at airports throughout the former Soviet Union.
Variants
Tu-134- The glass nosed version. The first series could seat up to 64 passengers, and this was later increased to 72 passengers. The original designation was Tu-124A.
- Second series, with upgraded engines, improved avionics, seating up to 84 passengers. All Tu-134A variants have been built with the distinct glass nose and chin radar dome, but some were modified to the B standard with the radar moved to the nose radome.
Tu-134A-2
- The glass nose was replaced.
Tu-134A-3
- Second series, powered by two uprated Soloviev D-30 turbofan engines.
Tu-134A-5
- Most recent version.
Tu-134B
- Second series, 80 seats, radar moved to the nose radome, eliminating the glazed nose. Some Tu-134B models have long-range fuel tanks fitted under the fuselage; these are visible as a sizeable bulge.
Tu-134BV
- Space shuttle work model.
Tu-134LK
- Cosmonaut training version.
Tu-134UBL
- Bomber aircrew training version.
Tu-134UBK
- Naval version of Tu-134UBL. Only one was ever built.
Tu-134BSh
- Navigation training version, fitted with a Tu-22MTupolev Tu-22MThe Tupolev Tu-22M is a supersonic, swing-wing, long-range strategic and maritime strike bomber developed by the Soviet Union. Significant numbers remain in service with the Russian Air Force....
radar in the nose.
Tu-134SKh
- Crop survey version.
Operators
Civil operators
As of 5 July 2011 a total of 233 Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft (all variants) remain in airlineAirline
An airline provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines lease or own their aircraft with which to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for mutual benefit...
service. Major operators include:
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Air Force
Azerbaijan Air Force
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force often referred to as the Azerbaijani Air Force is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces....
- Euro-Asia AirEuro-Asia AirEuro-Asia Air is an airline based in Atyrau, Kazakhstan. It operates passenger services to Russia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey and within the Asian republics. Its main base is Atyrau Airport.-History:The airline started operations in May 1997...
- Kazair WestKazair WestKazair West was an airline based in Atyrau, Kazakhstan, which operated domestic corporate charter flights out of Atyrau Airport, as well as aviation project management and medical evacuation services.-History:...
Kyrgyzstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Kyrgyzstan AirlinesKyrgyzstan AirlinesJSC National Air Carrier "Kyrgyzstan Airlines" was the national airline of Kyrgyzstan, with its head office on the grounds of Manas International Airport in Bishkek. It operated scheduled international and domestic services, as well as charter flights...
North Korea
- Air KoryoAir KoryoAir Koryo ) is the state-owned national flag carrier airline of North Korea, headquartered in Sunan-guyŏk, Pyongyang. Based at Sunan International Airport , it operates international scheduled and charter services to points in Asia and Europe....
(the final TU-134 was delivered to this airline)
- Air Volga
- Alrosa-Avia
- EnkorEnkorEnkor is an airline based in Moscow, Russia. It operates scheduled international passenger services and provides technical aircraft maintenance...
- KaratKarat (airline)Karat was an airline based in Moscow, Russia. It operates scheduled services from Moscow and charter flights from Kazan, as well as VIP and business aviation services. Its main base is Vnukovo International Airport, Moscow, with a hub at Kazan International Airport.- History :The airline was...
- Moscovia Airlines
- Orenburg AirlinesOrenburg AirlinesOrenburg Airlines is an airline based in Orenburg, Russia. It operates domestic passenger services and inclusive tour charters, as well as aerial work and special flights. Its main base is Orenburg Tsentralny Airport, with hubs at Domodedovo and Orsk....
- Perm AirlinesPerm AirlinesPerm Airlines was an airline based in Perm, Russia. It operated domestic and international scheduled and charter services within Russia and the CIS. Its main base was Bolshoye Savino Airport, Perm.- History :...
- RusAirRusAirRusAir is an airline with its headquarters in Moscow, Russia. It provides aviation services within western Russia and eastern Europe, including business flights, aviation management and project support. It also offers international medevac services....
- Samara AirlinesSamara AirlinesSamara Airlines was an airline based in Samara, Russia. It operated scheduled and charter flights from Samara to destinations in Russia and other countries and charter flights to Austria, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Spain, Turkey and United Arab Emirates...
- Tatarstan AirlinesTatarstan AirlinesTatarstan Airlines is an airline based on the grounds of Kazan International Airport in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia. It was founded in 1993, and is the regional airline of the Republic of Tatarstan, part of the Russian Federation.-Destinations:...
- UTair Aviation
- Yamal AirlinesYamal AirlinesYamal Airlines is an airline based in Salekhard, Russia. It operates regional passenger services and was established in 1997.-Destinations:As of May 2010 Yamal Airlines operates flights to the following: Armenia...
- Air Kharkov
- Ukraine Air EnterpriseUkraine Air EnterpriseUkraine Air Enterprise is an airline based in Kiev, Ukraine. It was established and started operations in 1996 and operates wet-lease flights on behalf of a number of local organisations including the Ukrainian government.-Fleet:...
- Syrian Arab AirlinesSyrian Arab AirlinesSyrian Arab Airlines , operating as Syrian Air , is the flag carrier airline of Syria. It operates scheduled international services to over 40 destinations in Asia, Europe and North Africa, as well as domestic services. Its main base is Damascus International Airport. Syrian Air has a fleet of...
Former civil operators
/- AeroflotAeroflotOJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
/
- AviogenexAviogenexAviogenex is a charter airline based in Belgrade, Serbia. It operates regular and ad hoc charter flights, and wet-lease services, worldwide. Its main base is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport.-History:...
AfghanistanAfghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
- Ariana Afghan AirlinesAriana Afghan AirlinesAriana Afghan Airlines Co. Ltd. is the oldest and the national airline of Afghanistan, and is currently the largest Afghan airline, headquartered in Kabul...
- Balkan Bulgarian AirlinesBalkan Bulgarian AirlinesBalkan Airlines was Bulgaria's government-owned flag carrier between 1947 and 2002. During the 1970s the airliner became a significant European carrier. The company encountered financial instability following the fall of communism in Eastern Europe...
- CSA Czech Airlines
- Estonian AirEstonian AirAS Estonian Air is Estonia's national carrier, owned by the Estonian state. The airline is based in Tallinn, Estonia. It is a regional airline feeding into the Scandinavian Airlines System network via Stockholm, Oslo and Copenhagen from Estonia....
- Transair GeorgiaTransair GeorgiaTransair Georgia was an airline based in Georgia.- Incidents :Transair Georgia Shootdown incidents of 1993 left 134 people dead, the first, went down in the Black Sea whilst on approach to Sukhumi Dranda Airport, the second went down on the runway at the airport, the 3rd was attacked on the...
- Malév Hungarian AirlinesMalév Hungarian AirlinesMalév Hungarian Airlines is the flag carrier and principal airline of Hungary. It has its head office in the Lurdy House in Budapest, with its main operations at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. From there, the airline flies to 50 cities in 34 countries worldwide using a fleet of 22...
- Atyrau Airways
- Lithuanian Airlines
- Imperial Air
- LOT Polish AirlinesLOT Polish AirlinesPolskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. , trading as LOT Polish Airlines, is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw, LOT was established in 1929, making it one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. Using a fleet of 55 aircraft, LOT operates a complex network to 60 destinations in Europe,...
- InterflugInterflugInterflug was the state airline of East Germany from 1963 to 1991, when it ceased operations following German reunification...
- TAROMTAROMS.C. Compania Națională de Transporturi Aeriene Române TAROM S.A., doing business as TAROM Romanian Air Transport, is the flag carrier and oldest currently operating airline of Romania. The brand name is an acronym for...
Military Operators
: Azerbaijan Air ForceAzerbaijan Air Force
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force often referred to as the Azerbaijani Air Force is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces....
: People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola
People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola
The National Air Force of Angola is the air branch of the Armed Forces of Angola.FAN was established, after the independence of Angola from Portugal, on January 21, 1976 as the People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola and initially made use of the...
Belarus: Belarus Air Force: Czech Air Force
Czech Air Force
The Czech Air Force is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The Air Force, with the Land Forces, comprises the Joint Forces, the main combat power of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic...
. Retired.
: Czechoslovakian Air Force. Passed on successor states.
Bulgaria: Bulgarian Air ForceBulgarian Air Force
The Bulgarian Air Force is a branch of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and protect the sovereignty of Bulgarian airspace, to provide aerial support and to assist the Land Forces in case of war. The Bulgarian Air...
. Retired.
: Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It is also the official name for two of the four historic German air forces, the Wehrmacht air arm founded in 1935 and disbanded in 1946; and the current Bundeswehr air arm founded in 1956....
. Former operator, taken over from East German Air Force after German reunification
German reunification
German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany , and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die...
: Georgian Air Force
Georgian Air Force
The Georgian Air Force is the air arm of the Georgian Armed Forces. Currently, it has 2,971 military and civilian personnel, fixed wing aircraft , helicopters of different types and air defense missiles of the "surface-to-air" class. The Air Force was founded in 1991 in the wake of the break-up...
: East German Air Force
: Moldovan Air Force
: North Korean Air Force
North Korean Air Force
The Korean People's Army Air Force, , is the name of the unified aviation forces of North Korea. The KPAF is the second-largest branch of the Korean People's Army with an estimated 110,000 personnel. It possesses between 1,600 and 1,700 aircraft of different types, mostly of Soviet and Chinese...
: Polish Air Force
Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force is the military Air Force wing of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej...
. Operated 2 from 1972 to 1977 (later LOT) and 2 from 1977 to 1992. Retired, replaced by 2 Tupolev Tu-154
Tupolev Tu-154
The Tupolev Tu-154 is a three-engine medium-range narrow-body airliner designed in the mid 1960s and manufactured by Tupolev. As the mainstay 'workhorse' of Soviet and Russian airlines for several decades, it serviced over a sixth of the world's landmass and carried half of all passengers flown...
M.
- Russian Air ForceRussian Air ForceThe Russian Air Force is the air force of Russian Military. It is currently under the command of Colonel General Aleksandr Zelin. The Russian Navy has its own air arm, the Russian Naval Aviation, which is the former Soviet Aviatsiya Voyenno Morskogo Flota , or AV-MF).The Air Force was formed from...
- 1449th Air Base located at TambovTambov (air base)Tambov is an air base in Russia located 4 km southwest of Tambov. It is a bomber training base with many Tupolev Tu-134UBL aircraft. Yefim Gordon's MiG-23/27 book refers to a 652 UAP stationed at Tambov/Vostochnyy flying 96 Aero L-29 Delfin, but Vostochny is Russian for "east", which may refer to... - Russian Naval AviationRussian Naval AviationThe Russian Naval Aviation , is the air arm of the Russian Navy...
- Russian Coast GuardRussian Coast GuardThe Russian Coast Guard , previously known as the KGB Maritime Border Guard or the Russian Maritime Border Guard of the Border Guard Service of Russia under the Federal Security Service of Russia , has a significant combat capability.Ships of the Russian Coast Guard are:*Frigates : 6 - Nerei...
- Russian Presidential Transport Flight
- Soviet Air ForceSoviet Air ForceThe Soviet Air Force, officially known in Russian as Военно-воздушные силы or Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily and often abbreviated VVS was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces...
- Soviet Naval AviationSoviet Naval AviationSoviet Naval Aviation was a part of the Soviet Navy.- Origins :...
. Passed on successor states. - Soviet Space Agency
- Soviet Internal Troops – Prisoner Transport Service
: Syrian Air Force
Syrian Air Force
The Syrian Air Force is the Aviation branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. It was established in 1948.-History:The end of World War II led to a withdrawal of the United Kingdom and France from the Middle East, and this included a withdrawal from Syria...
: Ukrainian Air Force
Ukrainian Air Force
The Ukrainian Air Force is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Ukrainian Air Force Command and headquarters are located in the city of Vinnytsia....
Accidents and incidents
Some 69 Tu-134 have been destroyed in accidents and wars, of which 35 were non-fatal incidents (in one of the remaining 34 fatal incidents no one on the plane died).| Date | Tail number | Crash Site | Casualties | Brief description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 January 1966 |  Soviet Union СССР-45076 |
Soviet Union Near Chkalovsky Airport Chkalovsky Airport Chkalovsky Airport , is a military airport base near Shchyolkovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located 31 km northeast of Moscow.Chkalovsky provides air support for Star City, Russia, Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center, and other elements of the Soviet space program and Russian Federal Space... |
8/8 | Crash of second prototype in flight testing. |
| 23 May 1971 |  Kingdom of Yugoslavia YU-AHZ |
Kingdom of Yugoslavia near Rijeka Rijeka Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants... , Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ... |
78/83 | Aviogenex Aviogenex Aviogenex is a charter airline based in Belgrade, Serbia. It operates regular and ad hoc charter flights, and wet-lease services, worldwide. Its main base is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport.-History:... Tupolev Tu-134 crashed on approach to Rijeka Airport Rijeka Airport Rijeka Airport is the airport serving Rijeka, Croatia. It is located near the town of Omišalj on the island of Krk, 17 km from the Rijeka railway station.... located on the island of Krk Krk Krk is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county.... , rough landing in bad weather conditions. |
| 16 September 1971 |  Hungary HA-LBD |
Soviet Union Kiev Kiev Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press.... , Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... |
49/49 | Malev Airlines Flight 110 crashed near Boryspil International Airport, Kiev in bad weather, following two missed approaches, after a generator failure caused the crew to switch to batteries. |
| 30 June 1974 | Soviet Union СССР-65668 |
 Jordan AmmanAmman Amman is the capital of Jordan. It is the country's political, cultural and commercial centre and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Greater Amman area has a population of 2,842,629 as of 2010. The population of Amman is expected to jump from 2.8 million to almost... |
7+2/84 | Failed takeoff, crashed into buildings. |
| 9 January 1976 |  German Democratic Republic DM-SCD |
German Democratic Republic Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... |
27/34 | Pilot failed to check rate of descent, crashed on landing. Later sentenced to 5 years in prison for negligence. Other crewmembers sentenced to three years. |
| 16 March 1978 1978 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash The 1978 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash occurred on 16 March 1978 when a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 airliner on an international flight from Sofia, Bulgaria, to Warsaw Airport, Poland.... |
 Bulgaria LZ-TUB |
Bulgaria Near Sofia Sofia Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 12th largest city in the European Union with a population of 1.27 million people. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha and approximately at the centre of the Balkan Peninsula.Prehistoric settlements were excavated... , Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... |
73/73 | Balkan Bulgarian Airlines flight 1978 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash The 1978 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash occurred on 16 March 1978 when a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 airliner on an international flight from Sofia, Bulgaria, to Warsaw Airport, Poland.... crashed on climb out from Sofia Airport Sofia Airport Sofia Airport , sometimes also called Letishte Sofia-Vrazhdebna , is the main airport in Sofia, Bulgaria. Located east of central Sofia. In 2010 the number of passengers was 3.3 million... near the village of Gabare, Bulgaria. |
| 22 May 1979 | Soviet Union 65301 |
Soviet Union Near Liepāja Liepaja Liepāja ; ), is a republican city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea directly at 21°E. It is the largest city in the Kurzeme Region of Latvia, the third largest city in Latvia after Riga and Daugavpils and an important ice-free port... |
4/5 | Overloaded plane failed landing in poor weather |
| 11 August 1979 | Soviet Union СССР-65816, Soviet Union СССР-65735 |
Soviet Union Near Dniprodzerzhynsk Dniprodzerzhynsk Dniprodzerzhynsk is an industrial city in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast of Ukraine, and a port on the Dnieper River.-History:The first written evidence of settlement in the territory of Dniprodzerzhynsk appeared in 1750. At that time the villages of Romankovo and Kamianske, which make the modern city,... , Ukraine |
96/96 + 84/84 | Two Aeroflot Tu-134s collided near Dneprodzerzhinsk, Ukraine. |
| 17 June 1982 | Soviet Union CCCP-65687 |
Soviet Union Severomorsk Severomorsk Severomorsk is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located about north of Murmansk along the Kola Bay. Population: This is the main administrative base of the Russian Northern Fleet. Severomorsk has the largest drydock on the Kola Peninsula.... , Russia |
18/19 | A test aircraft operated by the Soviet government crashed during landing. The pilot had ignored warnings that he was descending too fast, collided with radio tower |
| 30 August 1983 | Soviet Union CCCP-65129 |
Soviet Union Alma-Ata |
90/90 | Pilot ignored altimeter, crashed on landing |
| 18 November 1983 | Soviet Union CCCP-65807 |
Soviet Union Tbilisi Tbilisi Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936... |
8/NA | Failed hijacking: plane destroyed when commandos stormed cockpit. |
| 10 January 1984 1984 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash The 1984 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash occurred on 10 January 1984 when a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 airliner crashed on an international flight from Berlin to Sofia, Bulgaria. While on approach to Sofia airport in heavy snow the crew failed to make visual contact with the... |
Bulgaria LZ-TUR |
Bulgaria Sofia Sofia Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 12th largest city in the European Union with a population of 1.27 million people. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha and approximately at the centre of the Balkan Peninsula.Prehistoric settlements were excavated... , Bulgaria |
50/50 | Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 1984 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash The 1984 Balkan Bulgarian Tupolev Tu-134 crash occurred on 10 January 1984 when a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 airliner crashed on an international flight from Berlin to Sofia, Bulgaria. While on approach to Sofia airport in heavy snow the crew failed to make visual contact with the... crashed on approach to Sofia Airport Sofia Airport Sofia Airport , sometimes also called Letishte Sofia-Vrazhdebna , is the main airport in Sofia, Bulgaria. Located east of central Sofia. In 2010 the number of passengers was 3.3 million... . |
| 1 February 1985 | Soviet Union CCCP-65910 |
Soviet Union Minsk Minsk - Ecological situation :The ecological situation is monitored by Republican Center of Radioactive and Environmental Control .During 2003–2008 the overall weight of contaminants increased from 186,000 to 247,400 tons. The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened... , Belarus Belarus Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,... |
58/80 | The crew failed to de-ice the wings before takeoff, causing a crash. |
| 5 March 1985 | Soviet Union CCCP-65856 |
Soviet Union near Lviv Lviv Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following... |
15+ 79/79 | Mid-air collision with military An-24 |
| 2 July 1986 | Soviet Union CCCP-65120 |
Soviet Union Syktyvkar Syktyvkar -Twin towns/sister cities:Syktyvkar is twinned with the following sister cities: Cullera, Spain Debrecen, Hungary Los Altos, United States Lovech, Bulgaria Taiyuan, China-External links:* * * *... , Russia |
54/94 | An uncontrolled fire in the rear cargo hold led to a crash. |
| 19 October 1986 |  Mozambique C9-CAA |
 South Africa MbuziniMbuzini Mbuzini is a village in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Situated near to the borders of Mozambique and Swaziland. This is where Mozambican president, Samora Machel, and 34 other passengers died in a fatal airplane crash in 1986... , South Africa South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans... |
34/44 | Mozambican Presidential Jet crashed on approach during a thunderstorm due to failure of the ground proximity warning system Ground Proximity Warning System A ground proximity warning system is a system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an obstacle. The United States Federal Aviation Administration defines GPWS as a type of terrain awareness warning system... . |
| 20 October 1986 | Soviet Union CCCP-65766 |
Soviet Union Kuybyshev, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia |
70/94 | A very hard landing caused the landing gear to collapse and the aircraft to break into several pieces. Pilot sentenced to six years in prison. |
| 12 December 1986 | Soviet Union CCCP-65795 |
German Democratic Republic Berlin, East Germany |
72/82 | After being cleared to land on runway 25L at Berlin Schönefeld Airport, the Aeroflot flight from Minsk proceeded to approach runway 25R which was closed for construction. While attempting to switch to the correct runway, the aircraft struck trees and crashed. |
| 27 February 1988 | Soviet Union CCCP-65675 |
Soviet Union Surgut Surgut Surgut is a city in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Ob River near its junction with the Irtysh River, the largest in the autonomous okrug and the second largest in Tyumen Oblast. Population:... , Russia |
20/51 | Crew error while transitioning from ILS Instrument Landing System An instrument landing system is a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument... approach to visual Visual flight rules Visual flight rules are a set of regulations which allow a pilot to operate an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minimums, as specified in the rules of the... landing resulted in the aircraft crashing to the right of the runway. |
| 9 September 1988 |  Vietnam VN-A102 |
 Thailand BangkokBangkok Bangkok is the capital and largest urban area city in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or simply Krung Thep , meaning "city of angels." The full name of Bangkok is Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom... , Thailand Thailand Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the... |
76/90 | Aircraft crashed while attempting ILS approach in poor weather when the captain failed to execute a missed approach at the decision altitude. |
| 13 January 1990 | Soviet Union CCCP-65951 |
Soviet Union Pervouralsk Pervouralsk Pervouralsk is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Chusovaya River west of Yekaterinburg. Population: 122,000 ; 90,000 ; 44,000 .... , Russia |
27/72 | A fire in the cargo hold resulted in an emergency landing. |
| 27 August 1992 |  Russia CCCP-65058 |
Russia Ivanovo Ivanovo Ivanovo is a city and the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Population: Ivanovo has traditionally been called the textile capital of Russia. Since most textile workers are women, it has also been known as the "City of Brides"... , Russia |
84/84 | Crashed short of the runway while attempting ILS approach. |
| 21 September 1993 |  Georgia (country) CCCP-65893 |
Georgia (country) Sukhumi Sukhumi Sukhumi is the capital of Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. The city suffered heavily during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict in the early 1990s.-Naming:... , Georgia Georgia (country) Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of... |
27/27 | In September 1993, three Transair Georgia aircraft were shot down in Abkhazia. |
| 9 September 1994 | Russia CCCP-65976 |
Russia Zhukovsky Zhukovsky The surname Zhukovsky has been transliterated to English in multiple forms, and appears in different texts as Zhukovski, Zhukovskii, Zukovsky, and Zukowski, among others... , Russia |
7/7 | Mid-air collision with Tu-25M bomber during training flight |
| 24 June 1995 | Russia CCCP-65617 |
 Nigeria LagosLagos Lagos is a port and the most populous conurbation in Nigeria. With a population of 7,937,932, it is currently the third most populous city in Africa after Cairo and Kinshasa, and currently estimated to be the second fastest growing city in Africa... ,Nigeria |
16/80 | Overran runway in rainstorm |
| 5 December 1995 | Azerbaijan 4K-65703 |
Azerbaijan Nakhichevan Nakhichevan The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,363 km² and borders Armenia to the east and north, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the northwest... , Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to... |
44/82 | A maintenance error led to a double engine failure when the aircraft was taking off, causing the crash. |
| 3 September 1997 | Vietnam VN-A120 |
 Cambodia Phnom PenhPhnom Penh Phnom Penh is the capital and largest city of Cambodia. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Phnom Penh has been the national capital since the French colonized Cambodia, and has grown to become the nation's center of economic and industrial activities, as well as the center of security,... , Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia... |
65/66 | Vietnam Airlines Flight 815 Vietnam Airlines Flight 815 Vietnam Airlines Flight 815 was a scheduled Vietnam Airlines flight from Ho Chi Minh City to Phnom Penh's Pochentong Airport. The Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft crashed on final approach approximately 804.672 meters short of the runway, killing 65 of the 66 persons on board... descended below its approach path on a non-precision approach. Despite warnings from the other crew members that the craft was too low, the captain continued the approach, resulting in the crash. |
| 24 August 2004 | Russia RA-65080 |
Russia Buchalki, Russia |
44/44 | Forty-one minutes after taking off from Moscow's Domodedovo Airport, the aircraft disappeared from radar. Witnesses reported seeing an explosion in the sky, and wreckage was located shortly thereafter. Later investigation revealed that the aircraft had been destroyed by terrorist bomber, along with Tu-154 airliner on the same day. |
| 17 March 2007 | Russia RA-65021 |
Russia Samara Samara, Russia Samara , is the sixth largest city in Russia. It is situated in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara Rivers. Samara is the administrative center of Samara Oblast. Population: . The metropolitan area of Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran within Samara Oblast... , Russia |
6/57 | A UTair Tu-134 UTair Flight 471 UTair Flight 471 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight of a Tupolev Tu-134 on March 17, 2007, that suffered heavy structural damage during a hard landing at Samara Kurumoch Airport near Samara, Russia. Of the 50 passengers and 7 crew members on board, 6 people were killed and 20 injured when... crashed about 400 metres short of the runway in poor weather due to air traffic control error. The aircraft then bounced and inverted. |
| 20 June 2011 RusAir Flight 9605 RusAir Flight 9605 was a scheduled RusAir flight, operated as a RusLine service between Domodedovo International Airport and Petrozavodsk Airport using Tupolev Tu-134A-3 equipment, that crashed on approach to Petrozavodsk shortly after 23:40 local time on 20 June 2011, killing 45 people and... |
Russia RA-65691 |
Russia Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. It stretches along the western shore of the Lake Onega for some . The city is served by Petrozavodsk Airport. Municipally, it is incorporated as Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug . Population:... , Karelia, Russia |
45/52 | After technical problems trying to land in heavy fog, and unable to reach Petrozavodsk Airport Petrozavodsk Airport Petrozavodsk Airport is a joint civil-military airport in Russia located northwest of Petrozavodsk in Besovets, Shuya Rural Settlement . It services small airliners. It is a minor airfield with 12 parking stands and a small amount of tarmac space.The airfield has seen military use as an... , RusAir Flight 9605 RusAir Flight 9605 RusAir Flight 9605 was a scheduled RusAir flight, operated as a RusLine service between Domodedovo International Airport and Petrozavodsk Airport using Tupolev Tu-134A-3 equipment, that crashed on approach to Petrozavodsk shortly after 23:40 local time on 20 June 2011, killing 45 people and... tried to land on a road 2 km from the airport at 1955 UTC (2355 MSD Moscow Time Moscow Time is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second westernmost of the nine time zones of Russia. Moscow Time has been UTC+4 year-round since 27 March 2011.... ). The plane flipped and caught fire as it struck the ground. There is speculation that the pilot may have mistaken the motorway for the runway |
Source: Aircraft Accident Database