Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
Encyclopedia
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu), is the national public broadcaster
Public broadcasting
Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing and commercial financing.Public broadcasting may be...
of Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
and was founded in 1964. Around 70% of TRT's funding comes from a tax levied on electricity bills and a sales tax
Sales tax
A sales tax is a tax, usually paid by the consumer at the point of purchase, itemized separately from the base price, for certain goods and services. The tax amount is usually calculated by applying a percentage rate to the taxable price of a sale....
on television and radio receivers. As these are hypothecated taxes
Hypothecation (taxation)
The hypothecation of a tax is the dedication of the revenue from a specific tax for a particular expenditure purpose. Hypothecation is the pledging of assets....
, as opposed to the money coming from general government funds, the principle is similar to that of the television licence
Television licence
A television licence is an official licence required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts...
levied in a number of other countries. The rest of TRT's funding comes from government grants (around 20%), with the final 10% coming from advertising.
Affectionately known to local consumers as the "School", it was for many years the only television
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
and radio
Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...
provider in Turkey. Before the introduction of commercial radio in 1990, and subsequently commercial television in 1992, it held a monopoly
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...
on broadcasting. More recent deregulation of the Turkish television broadcasting market produced analogue cable television. Today, TRT broadcasts around the world, especially in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
and Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. It is frequently heralded as the most widely respected broadcaster in Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
.
TRT's predecessor, "Türkiye Radyoları" was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union
European Broadcasting Union
The European Broadcasting Union is a confederation of 74 broadcasting organisations from 56 countries, and 49 associate broadcasters from a further 25...
in 1950; it would return to the EBU fold as TRT in 1972. The original company started radio test broadcasts in 1926, with a studio built in Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
in 1927 and a studio in Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
following in 1928.
It organized the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Eurovision Song Contest 2004
The Eurovision Song Contest 2004, was the 49th Contest and it was held in the Abdi İpekçi Arena in Istanbul, Turkey. This was the first occasion in which the contest was held in Turkey after they had won the competition in 2003 with Sertab Erener singing "Everyway That I Can"...
.
Television channels
All television channels can be watched via TurksatTurksat (satellite)
Turksat is name of many Turkish communication satellites. The Turksat project is supervised by Aérospatiale and Turksat .-Turksat 1A:...
satellite.
Domestic
Test transmissions started on TRT 1 on January 31, 1968. A full national television schedule, which at that time linked the areas in and around AnkaraAnkara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
, Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
, and Izmir
Izmir
Izmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey...
, started in December 1971. TRT renewed its membership in the European Broadcasting Union
European Broadcasting Union
The European Broadcasting Union is a confederation of 74 broadcasting organisations from 56 countries, and 49 associate broadcasters from a further 25...
(having been a founding member previously offering only radio) starting on August 26, 1972, with Turkey's first Eurovision Network
Eurovision Network
The Eurovision Network is part of the European Broadcasting Union, itself founded in 1950 as a system of international broadcasting cooperation...
event, a football match (Turkey vs. Italy), airing across Europe on January 13, 1973. TRT also joined the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union
Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union
The Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union , formed in 1964, is a non-profit, professional association of broadcasting organisations. It currently has 200 members in 57 countries and regions, reaching a potential audience of about 3 billion people....
in 1976, the same year their first color television test was showcased via laboratory at the general assembly of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference.
All programming was in black and white from the start of test transmissions in 1968 until the New Year's Eve programming on December 31, 1981, when the first on-air color tests started. The entire lineup switched to color on March 15, 1984.
- TRT 1TRT 1TRT 1 is the first Turkish national television station. It launched on January 31 , 1968.-Introduction:TRT 1, the first television channel in Turkey, started their test transmissions on January 31, 1968, and commenced full national broadcasts in December 1971. It was the only channel in Turkey...
(launched January 1968) - General entertainment channel with a broad schedule featuring local and foreign series, Turkish and Hollywood cinema, live shows with Turkish folk music, Turkish classical music and pop music, live sport, news & current affairs plus special events such as the Eurovision Song ContestEurovision Song ContestThe Eurovision Song Contest is an annual competition held among active member countries of the European Broadcasting Union .Each member country submits a song to be performed on live television and then casts votes for the other countries' songs to determine the most popular song in the competition...
. - TRT Haber (launched September 1986 as TRT 2Trt 2TRT Haber is a Turkish television station. Prior to March 18, 2010, it was known as TRT 2.-Introduction:TRT 2 started test transmissions on September 15, 1986 as "2...
) - The daytime schedule of TRT Haber consists of news and current affairs, plus sports news and weather. Primetime programming focuses on culture, arts, documentaries and world cinema. - Trt Spor-ParliamentTRT 3TRT 3 is a Turkish television station. It mostly broadcasting sport events.-Introduction:TRT 3 started test transmissions on October 2, 1989 as "3...
(launched October 1989) - TRT 3 broadcasts live and archive sport including Formula 1, World and European Figure Skating Championships, World and European Athletics Championships, Turkish Women's Volleyball league, U18 Basketball plus feature programmes. When parliament is in session, TRT 3 relays live coverage of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM-TV). - TRT GapTRT GapTRT GAP, belonging to the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, has been established to enhance the recognition of The Southeastern Anatolia Project, abbreviated as GAP, on a rational ground which serves forming the necessary social, cultural and psychological environment in the region...
(launched October 1989) - TRT Gap airs programming aimed at the Southeastern Anatolia RegionSoutheastern Anatolia RegionSoutheastern Anatolia Region is one of Turkey's seven census-defined geographical regions . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Region to the west, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the north, Syria to the south, and Iraq to the southeast.-Provinces:...
of Turkey. The channel timeshares with TRT 3. - TRT ÇocukTRT ÇocukTRT Çocuk is a Turkish television station, part of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. It broadcasts 24 hours a day, cartoons for children until 21:00 and broadcasts TRT Okul till 06:30 since 2011.-Cartoons:*Laura's Star*Arthur*Charlie and Lola...
(launched November 2008) - TRT Çocuk airs children's programming, animated programmes and educational programmes. The station timeshares for most of the day with TRT Okul, which signs on in the primetime hours. - TRT 5 AnadoluTRT 5 AnadoluTRT Anadolu is a Turkish television own and operated by Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. It has a relationship with other local televisions and broadcast local news bulletins from 81 provinces of Turkey.-External links:* *...
- Broadcasting with regional TV channels of Turkey. - TRT 6TRT 6TRT 6, part of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, is Turkey's first national Kurdish language television station.It broadcasts in the Kurmanji and Sorani dialects of the Kurdish language and in the Zaza language, offering programs aimed at all ages and promoting the perspective of the...
(launched January 2009) - TRT 6 broadcasts mostly Kurdish languageKurdish languageKurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
programmes. - TRT el TürkiyeTRT el TürkiyeTRT el Türkiye is an Arabic language channel of TRT, broadcasting in Turkey and the Middle East. It launched on 4 April 2010.-References:...
(launched April 2010) - Broadcasts 24 hours a day in Arabic languageArabic languageArabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
with programs aimed at Arabs in TurkeyArabs in TurkeyThe Arabs in Turkey are a Semitic people.Arabs in Turkey are mostly Muslims living along the southeastern border with Syria in the provinces such as Batman, Bitlis, Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin, Muş, Siirt, Şırnak and Şanlıurfa. The Arabs in this part of the border consist of many Bedouin tribes...
, as well as the wider Arab worldArab worldThe Arab world refers to Arabic-speaking states, territories and populations in North Africa, Western Asia and elsewhere.The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 states and territories of the Arab League stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the...
and Middle EastMiddle EastThe Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
. - TRT MüzikTRT MüzikTRT Müzik is a Turkish television channel owned and operated by Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. It broadcasts 24 hours music programmes featuring music magazines and talkshows. TRT Müzik can also be watched on TRT 4....
(launched November 2009) - TRT Müzik is a 24 hour music channel with for Turkish folk and Turkish classical music. It also airs pop, rock, jazz & ethnic music. - TRT BelgeselTRT BelgeselTRT Belgesel is a Turkish television owned and operated by Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. It broadcasts documentaries. -External links:* *...
(launched November 2009) - TRT Belgesel is a 24 hour documentary channel. - TRT HDTRT HDTRT HD is the second High definition channel of TRT after TRT 3 HD. It was launched on 24 May 2010. It broadcasts events such as the Eurovision Song Contest in HD....
(launched May 2010) - High definition television channel of TRT
International
- TRT TürkTRT TürkTRT Türk is the International TV channel of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation broadcast in other countries.TRT Türk’s task was enhance the understanding of the possibilities Turkey and Turkic Republics may possess or take advantage of in various fields through the programs aiming at the...
(16:916:916:9 is an aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9. Since 2009, it has become the most common aspect ratio for sold televisions and computer monitors and is also the international standard format of HDTV, Full HD, non-HD digital television and analog widescreen television ...
, but this is not encoded in DVB signal) (formerly known as TRT INT) - Broadcasts international news, current affairs, documentaries and cultural programming aimed at both Turks and Turkish speaking audience living abroad. It's the first TRT channel to make extensive use of a private production company for news programming. - TRT AvazTRT AvazTRT Avaz ilaunched on 21 March 2009, Nevruz Day which is an eastern spring solstice celebration followed by Turkic countries, as well as elsewhere....
(formerly known as TRT TürkTRT TürkTRT Türk is the International TV channel of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation broadcast in other countries.TRT Türk’s task was enhance the understanding of the possibilities Turkey and Turkic Republics may possess or take advantage of in various fields through the programs aiming at the...
) (launched March 2009) - International channel broadcast aimed at the TurkicTurkic peoplesThe Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
republics and Turks living in the Balkans. The channel has a focus on entertainment and documentaries as opposed to TRT Türk's new focus on news. Programmes are broadcast in a mixture of languages including Turkish, Azeri, Kazak, Uzbek and Turkmen.
Teletext and EPG
TRT started teletextTeletext
Teletext is a television information retrieval service developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. It offers a range of text-based information, typically including national, international and sporting news, weather and TV schedules...
trial-runs with the name “Telegün” on December 3, 1990.
Only 7 from 10 channels are broadcasting the teletext: TRT 1, TRT 2, TRT 3/TRT Gap, TRT 4/TRT Çocuk, TRT TÜRK and TRT Avaz. 6 channels are also broadcasting their programs with the Electronic program guide
Electronic program guide
Electronic program guides and interactive program guides provide users of television, radio, and other media applications with continuously updated menus displaying broadcast programming or scheduling information for current and upcoming programming...
(EPG).
Celebration
In January 2008, TRT celebrates their 40th anniversary, TRT will broadcast old idents and news studio (Still being modern logo). In each day, It will have newer idents. This event also in 1998, 1988 and 1978. In 2018 they will have the bigger celebration.Closing and opening times throughout the years
- 31 January 1968 TRT 1 launched at 19:15 and closed at 20:51
- 1990 TRT 1 close at 1am, TRT 2 at midnight, TRT 3 at 23:30, TRT 4 at 22:30
- Now all are 24/24 (TRT 4/TRT Çocuk(4th channel of TRT) and TRT GAP/TRT Spor/TBMM-TV(3rd channel of TRT) couples are exception but in whole couples they broadcast 24/24 too.)
Radio channels
- Radyo 1 (launched on May 1927) - Mixed diet of programming
- TRT FM (formerly Radyo 2, launched January 1975) - A mixture of Turkish pop, folk and classical music, foreign pop, call ins, news and travel information
- Radyo 3 (launched on January 1975) - Classical music, jazz, world music, foreign pop & rock
- Radyo 4 (launched on October 1987) - Turkish classical and Turkish folk music
- Radyo 6 (launched on 2009) - Broadcasting for Kurds in TurkeyKurds in TurkeyEthnic Kurds compose a significant portion of the population in Turkey . Unlike the Turks, the Kurds speak an Indo-European language...
- TRT Nağme - Turkish classical music
- TRT Avrupa FM - Broadcasting for Turks in EuropeTurks in EuropeThe Turks in Europe refers to Turkish people living in Europe. According to a 2011 academic estimate, there is approximately 9 million Turks living in Europe, excluding those who live in Turkey....
- TRT Türkü - Turkish folk music and türküTürküTürkü, literally "of the Turk", is a name given to Turkish folk songs as opposed to şarkı. In contemporary usage, the meanings of the words türkü and şarkı have shifted: Türkü refers to folk songs originated from music traditions within Turkey whereas şarkı refers to all other songs, including...
- Voice of TurkeyVoice of TurkeyVoice of Turkey is the international service of Turkish state radio on shortwave, Turksat 3A satellite and the Internet.-History:Turkey’s first external broadcast was started on January 8, 1937 by the Ankara Radio Corporation...
(launched December 1982) - Broadcasting with 26 different languages and around the World.
Regional channels
- Antalya Radyosu - Broadcasting in AntalyaAntalyaAntalya is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern Turkey. With a population 1,001,318 as of 2010. It is the eighth most populous city in Turkey and country's biggest international sea resort.- History :...
, coverages west Mediterranean Region, TurkeyMediterranean Region, TurkeyThe Mediterranean Region is one of Turkey's seven census-defined geographical regions . It is bordered by the Aegean Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the north, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the northeast, the Southeastern Anatolia Region to the east, Syria to the southeast, and... - Çukurova Radyosu - Broadcasting in AdanaAdanaAdana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia...
, coverages east Mediterranean Region, Turkey - Erzurum Radyosu - Broadcasting in ErzurumErzurumErzurum is a city in Turkey. It is the largest city, the capital of Erzurum Province. The city is situated 1757 meters above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 361,235 in the 2000 census. .Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, served as NATO's southeastern-most air force post during the...
, coverages Eastern TurkeyEastern Anatolia RegionThe Eastern Anatolia Region is one of seven non-administrative subdivisions of Turkey and encompasses its eastern provinces.The region and the name "Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi" were first defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941. It has the highest average altitude, largest geographical area, and... - Trabzon Radyosu - Broadcasting in TrabzonTrabzonTrabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Iran in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast...
, coverages Northern TurkeyBlack Sea RegionThe Black Sea Region is one of Turkey's seven census-defined geographical regions . It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the south, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the southeast, the Republic of Georgia to the northeast, and the Black Sea to the north.-... - Radyo GAP - Broadcasting in DiyarbakırDiyarbakırDiyarbakır is one of the largest cities in southeastern Turkey...
, covarages South Eastern TurkeySoutheastern Anatolia RegionSoutheastern Anatolia Region is one of Turkey's seven census-defined geographical regions . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Region to the west, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the north, Syria to the south, and Iraq to the southeast.-Provinces:...