Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt
Encyclopedia
The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.
, for the Twenty-First Dynasty are as follows:
After the reign of Ramesses III
, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt
followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-First Dynasty ruled from Tanis
, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes
effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho
of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".
Rulers
The known rulers, in the History of EgyptHistory of Egypt
Egyptian history can be roughly divided into the following periods:*Prehistoric Egypt*Ancient Egypt**Early Dynastic Period of Egypt: 31st to 27th centuries BC**Old Kingdom of Egypt: 27th to 22nd centuries BC...
, for the Twenty-First Dynasty are as follows:
Pharaoh | |Horus-name | |Reign (BCE) | |Burial | |Consort(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Smendes Smendes Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt – territory which he controlled... (Nesbanebdjed I) |
Hedjkheperre-Setepenre | 1077 BC - 1051 BC | unknown | Tentamun Tentamun (21st dynasty) Tentamun was an ancient Egyptian queen, the wife of Smendes of the 21st dynasty. She is likely to have been the daughter of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the previous dynasty... |
Amenemnisu Amenemnisu Neferkare Amenemnisu was a pharaoh during the 21st Dynasty of ancient Egypt.Amenemnisu's existence was only confirmed in 1940 when the tomb of his successor Psusennes I was discovered by Pierre Montet. A gold bow cap inscribed with both Amenemnisu's royal name, Neferkare, and that of his successor... |
Neferkare-Heqawaset | 1051 BC - 1047 BC | unknown | |
Pinedjem I Pinedjem I Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 BC to 1032 BC and the de facto ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from... (co-regent) |
Kheperkare-Setepenamun | 1062 - 1039 | Cache in Deir el-Bahari DB320 Tomb DB320 is located next to Deir el-Bahri, in the Theban Necropolis, opposite modern Luxor contained an extraordinary cache of mummified remains and funeral equipment of more than 50 kings, queens, royals and various nobility.-Usage of tomb:The tomb is thought to have initially been the last... |
Henuttawy Duathathor-Henuttawy Duathathor-Henuttawy or Henuttawy was an ancient Egyptian princess and later queen. She is likely to have been the daughter of Ramesses XI, last king of the 20th dynasty by Tentamun. She married Pinedjem I, the Theban High Priest of Amun who was de facto ruler of Upper Egypt and took on pharaonic... Isetemkheb A Tentnabekhenu |
Psusennes I Psusennes I Psusennes I, or Greek Ψουσέννης], Pasibkhanu or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I Egyptian ḥor-p3-sib3-ḫˁỉ--niwt] was the third king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt who ruled from Tanis between 1047 – 1001 BC... (Pasebkhanut I) |
Akheperre-Setepenamun | 1047 BC - 1001 BC | NRT III, Tanis Tanis, Egypt Tanis , the Greek name of ancient Djanet , is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta of Egypt. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile which has long since silted up.-History:... |
Mutnedjemet Mutnedjmet (21st dynasty) Mutnedjmet was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 21st dynasty. She was the Great Royal Wife of her brother, Psusennes I, and was the mother of Pharaoh Amenemope and Prince Ankhefenmut.... Wiay |
Amenemope | Usermaetre-Setepenamun | 1001 BC - 992 BC | Tanis Tanis, Egypt Tanis , the Greek name of ancient Djanet , is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta of Egypt. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile which has long since silted up.-History:... |
|
Osorkon the Elder Osorkon the Elder Akheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and was the first pharaoh of Libyan extraction in Egypt... |
Akheperre-Setepenre | 992 BC - 986 BC | unknown | |
Siamun Siamun Neterkheperre or Netjerkheperre-setepenamun Siamun was the sixth pharaoh of Egypt during the Twenty-first dynasty. He built extensively in Lower Egypt for a king of the Third Intermediate Period and is regarded as one of the most powerful rulers of this Dynasty after Psusennes I... |
Netjerkheperre-Meryamun | 986 BC - 967 BC | unknown | |
Psusennes II Psusennes II Titkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II Greek Ψουσέννης] or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II Egyptian ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ--nỉwt], was the last king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt. His royal name means "Image of the transformation of Re" in Egyptian. Psusennes II is often considered the same person as... (Pasebkhanut I) |
Tyetkheperure-Setepenre | 967 BC - 943 BC | unknown |
After the reign of Ramesses III
Ramesses III
Usimare Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. He was the son of Setnakhte and Queen Tiy-Merenese. Ramesses III is believed to have reigned from March 1186 to April 1155 BCE...
, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-First Dynasty ruled from Tanis
Tanis, Egypt
Tanis , the Greek name of ancient Djanet , is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta of Egypt. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile which has long since silted up.-History:...
, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes
High Priests of Amun at Thebes
While not regarded as a dynasty, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes were nevertheless of such power and influence that they were effectively the rulers of Upper Egypt from 1080 to c.943 BC, after this period their influence declined...
effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho
Manetho
Manetho was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolemaic era, approximately during the 3rd century BC. Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca...
of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".