DB320 - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Tomb DB320 is located next to Deir el-Bahri

Deir el-Bahri

Deir el-Bahari or Deir el-Bahri is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt....

, in the Theban Necropolis

Theban Necropolis

The Theban Necropolis is an area of the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes in Egypt. It was used for ritual burials for much of Pharaonic times, especially in the New Kingdom of Egypt.-Mortuary Temples:* Deir el-Bahri** Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut...

, opposite modern Luxor

Luxor

Luxor is a city in Upper Egypt and the capital of Luxor Governorate. The population numbers 487,896 , with an area of approximately . As the site of the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes, Luxor has frequently been characterized as the "world's greatest open air museum", as the ruins of the temple...

contained an extraordinary cache of mummified remains and funeral equipment of more than 50 kings, queens, royals and various nobility.

Usage of tomb

The tomb is thought to have initially been the last resting place of High Priest of Amun Pinedjem II

Pinedjem II

Pinedjem II was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 990 BC to 969 BC and was the de facto ruler of the south of the country. He was married to his sister Isetemkheb D and also to his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II...

, his wife Nesikhons and other close family members. Pinudjem II died around 969 BC in a time of decline of the Egyptian kingdom. In this time the mummies from former dynasties were vulnerable to grave robbery and were moved here to protect the remains of these royal personages.

The list of mummies in the tomb is as follows;

Dynasty	Name	Title	Comments
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Tetisheri Tetisheri Tetisheri was the matriarch of the Egyptian royal family of the late 17th Dynasty and early 18th Dynasty.-Family:Tetisheri was the daughter of Tjenna and Neferu. The names of Tetisheri's parents are known from mummy bandages found in TT320.... (?)	Great Royal Wife Great Royal Wife Great Royal Wife or Chief King's Wife is the term used to refer to the chief wife of the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. While most Ancient Egyptians were monogamous, the pharaoh would have had other, lesser wives and concubines in addition to the Great Royal Wife...
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Seqenenre Tao II	Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Ahmose-Inhapi	Queen
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Ahmose-Henutemipet Ahmose-Henutemipet Ahmose-Henutemipet was a princess of the late seventeenth dynasty of Egypt. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Tao II the Brave and probably Queen Ahhotep I. She was the sister of Ahmose I. She bore the titles King's Daughter and King's Sister.- Mummy :...	Princess
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Ahmose-Henuttamehu Ahmose-Henuttamehu Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a princess and queen of the late 17th-early 18th dynasties of Egypt.-Family:Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II by his sister-wife Ahmose Inhapy...	Princess
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Ahmose-Meritamon Ahmose-Meritamon (17th dynasty) Ahmose-Meritamon was a princess of the seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, probably a daughter of Tao II the Brave. She is also called Ahmose-Meritamun, Ahmose-Meryetamun or just Meryetamun....	Princess
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Ahmose-Sipair	Prince
17th Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...	Ahmose-Sitkamose Ahmose-Sitkamose Ahmose-Sitkamose or Sitkamose was a princess and queen during the late 17th-early 18th dynasties of Egypt. Based on her name, she is likely to have been the daughter of Pharaoh Kamose...	Princess
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Ahmose I Ahmose I Ahmose I was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Eighteenth dynasty. He was a member of the Theban royal house, the son of pharaoh Tao II Seqenenre and brother of the last pharaoh of the Seventeenth dynasty, King Kamose...	Pharaoh
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Ahmose-Nefertari Ahmose-Nefertari Ahmose-Nefertari of Ancient Egypt was a Queen of Egypt. She was a daughter of Seqenenre Tao II and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and the great royal wife of pharaoh, Ahmose I. She was the mother of king Amenhotep I and may have served as his regent when he was young...	Great Royal Wife
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Rai Lady Rai Lady Rai was an ancient Egyptian woman who served as nursemaid to Queen Ahmose-Nefertari.She is the oldest known mummy to have evidence of atherosclerosis; she had definite disease in her aortic arch...	Royal nurse	Nurse of Ahmose-Nefertari
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Siamun Siamun (son of Ahmose I) Siamun was a Prince of Egypt. Siamun's name means "Son of Amun".- Biography :Siamun was a prince during the early Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and Queen Ahmose Nefertari...	Prince
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Ahmose-Sitamun Ahmose-Sitamun - Etymology :Name of this princess means "Child of the Moon, Daughter of Amun".- Biography :Sitamun was the daughter of Pharaoh Ahmose I and sister of Amenhotep I...	Princess
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Amenhotep I Amenhotep I Amenhotep I was the second Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. His reign is generally dated from 1526 to 1506 BC. He was born to Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari, but had at least two elder brothers, Ahmose-ankh and Ahmose Sapair, and was not expected to inherit the throne...	Pharaoh
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Thutmose I Thutmose I Thutmose I was the third Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He was given the throne after the death of the previous king Amenhotep I. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt further than ever before...	Pharaoh
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Baket (?)	Princess	possibly Baketamun (?)
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Thutmose II Thutmose II Thutmose II was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. He built some minor monuments and initiated at least two minor campaigns but did little else during his rule and was probably strongly influenced by his wife, Hatshepsut...	Pharaoh
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Thutmose III Thutmose III Thutmose III was the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. During the first twenty-two years of Thutmose's reign he was co-regent with his stepmother, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh...	Pharaoh
18th Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...	Unknown man C		Possibly Senenmut Senenmut Senenmut was an 18th dynasty ancient Egyptian architect and government official. His name translates literally as "mother's brother."- Family :...
19th Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt was one of the periods of the Egyptian New Kingdom. Founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne, this dynasty is best known for its military conquests in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria.The warrior kings of the...	Ramesses I Ramesses I Menpehtyre Ramesses I was the founding Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 19th dynasty. The dates for his short reign are not completely known but the time-line of late 1292-1290 BC is frequently cited as well as 1295-1294 BC...	Pharaoh
19th Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt was one of the periods of the Egyptian New Kingdom. Founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne, this dynasty is best known for its military conquests in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria.The warrior kings of the...	Seti I Seti I Menmaatre Seti I was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt , the son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II...	Pharaoh
19th Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt was one of the periods of the Egyptian New Kingdom. Founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne, this dynasty is best known for its military conquests in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria.The warrior kings of the...	Ramesses II Ramesses II Ramesses II , referred to as Ramesses the Great, was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire...	Pharaoh
20th Twentieth dynasty of Egypt The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. This dynasty is considered to be the last one of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and was followed by the Third Intermediate Period....	Ramesses III Ramesses III Usimare Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. He was the son of Setnakhte and Queen Tiy-Merenese. Ramesses III is believed to have reigned from March 1186 to April 1155 BCE...	Pharaoh
20th Twentieth dynasty of Egypt The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. This dynasty is considered to be the last one of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and was followed by the Third Intermediate Period....	Ramesses IX Ramesses IX Ramesses IX was the eighth king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. He was the third longest serving king of this Dynasty after Ramesses III and Ramesses XI...	Pharaoh
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Nodjmet	Queen	Wife of Herihor Herihor Herihor was an Egyptian army officer and High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses XI although Karl Jansen Winkeln has argued that Piankh preceded Herihor as High Priest at Thebes and that Herihor outlived Ramesses XI before being succeeded in this office by Pinedjem I,...
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Pinedjem I Pinedjem I Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 BC to 1032 BC and the de facto ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from...	High Priest of Amun
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Duathathor-Henuttawy Duathathor-Henuttawy Duathathor-Henuttawy or Henuttawy was an ancient Egyptian princess and later queen. She is likely to have been the daughter of Ramesses XI, last king of the 20th dynasty by Tentamun. She married Pinedjem I, the Theban High Priest of Amun who was de facto ruler of Upper Egypt and took on pharaonic...	Wife of Pinedjem
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Maatkare Maatkare Mutemhat Maatkare was an ancient Egyptian high priestess, a God's Wife of Amun during the 21st dynasty.-History:She was the daughter of High Priest of Amun Pinedjem I, who was the de facto ruler of Southern Egypt from 1070 BCE onwards, then proclaimed himself pharaoh in 1054 BCE. Her mother was...	God's Wife of Amun God's Wife of Amun God's Wife of Amun was the highest ranking priestess of the Amun cult, an important Ancient Egyptian religious institution centered in Thebes during the Egyptian 25th and 26th dynasties...	Daughter of Pinedjem
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Masaharta	High Priest of Amun	Son of Pinedjem
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Tayuheret	Singer of Amun	Possible wife of Masaharta
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Pinedjem II Pinedjem II Pinedjem II was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 990 BC to 969 BC and was the de facto ruler of the south of the country. He was married to his sister Isetemkheb D and also to his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II...	High Priest of Amun
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Isetemkheb D Isetemkheb D Isetemkheb D was the sister-wife of the Theban High Priest of Amun Pinudjem II during the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt.-Family:Isetemkheb D was the daughter of the King's Son, Theban High Priest of Amun and General, Menkheperre, and his wife, Isetemkheb C...	Chief of the Harem of Amun-Re	Wife of Pinedjem II
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Neskhons Neskhons Neskhons , once more commonly known as “Nsikhonsou”, was a noble lady of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt.She was the daughter of Smendes II and Takhentdjehuti, and wed her paternal uncle, High Priest Pinedjem II, by whom she had four children: two sons, Tjanefer and Masaharta, and two daughters,...	First Chantress of Amun; King's Son of Kush	Wife of Pinedjem II
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Djedptahiufankh Djedptahiufankh Djedptahiufankh served as the Third or Fourth Prophet of Amun and was the husband of Nestanebtishru during the reign of pharaoh Shoshenq I, founder of the 22nd Dynasty of Egypt. Consequently, he was one of the most important state officials at Thebes after this king's own son, the High Priest of...	Fourth Prophet of Amun
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Nesitanebetashru Nesitanebetashru Nesitanebetashru was the name of two ancient Egyptian ladies. The name means “belonging to the lady of the ashru”; the ashru or isheru was a crescent-shaped sacred lake around the temples of solar goddesses, here it refers to Mut.Nesitanebetashru of the 21st dynasty was a daughter of Pinedjem II,...		Wife of Djedptahiufankh
21st Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...	Masaharta	High Priest of Amun
?	Unknown man E		has been studied by Bob Brier, who thinks the mummy in question, might be Pentawer Pentawer Pentawer was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 20th dynasty, a son of Pharaoh Ramesses III and a secondary wife, Tiye.He was to be the beneficiary of the harem plot planned by his mother Tiye to assassinate the pharaoh. Tiye wanted her son to succeed the pharaoh, even though the rightful heir was... , one of the progeny of Ramses III
?	8 other unidentified mummies; funerary remains of Hatshepsut

Discovery and clearance

Initially the discovery of the tomb was concealed and a local family, the Abd el-Rasuls, used the mummies as a store of precious articles that were then sold on the antiquities market. This caused the local authorities to investigate and locate the source of these items.

It was cleared in a hurry (within 48 hours of its official discovery in 1881) by Émile Brugsch

Émile Brugsch

Émile Brugsch was a German-born Egyptologist whose career spanned the late 19th and early 20th centuries...

, in order to ensure no more antiquities were sold.

The chamber is reached by a nearly vertical chimney, which was left open in 1881, and has since filled with rocks and other debris (in fact every object that was left in the tomb has now been damaged in some way). It was reinvestigated in 1938. Since 1998 a Russian-German team led by Erhart Graefe has been working on reinvestigating and preserving the tomb.

External links

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Usage of tomb

Discovery and clearance

See also

External links