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USS Jallao (SS-368)
Encyclopedia
USS Jallao (SS-368), a Balao-class
submarine
, was a ship of the United States Navy
named for the jallao, a pearl-white haemulonid food fish of the Gulf of Mexico
.
Jallao (SS-368) was launched
by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wisc., 12 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Oliver G. Kirk; and commissioned
8 July 1944, Lieutenant Commander Joseph B. Icenhower in command.
After spending most of July in training operations, Jallao departed Manitowoc 26 July for Chicago, where she was loaded into a floating dry dock for the long trip down the Mississippi
to New Orleans
. She subsequently departed New Orleans 6 August 1944, and steamed through the Panama Canal
to the Pacific and arrived Pearl Harbor
22 September 1944.
; but, during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
late in October, they were directed to take up scouting positions between the Philippines
and Japan
to cut off Japanese cripples struggling home after their devastating defeat at the Battle off Cape Engaño. On the evening of 25 October Jallao contacted damaged light cruiser
Tama
and moved to attack. She fired seven torpedoes; three hit the Japanese warship, sinking it. After this notable success on her maiden patrol, Jallao continued her search until 28 November, returning to Majuro
10 December.
for her second war patrol 6 January 1945. The decimated Japanese merchant marine offered few targets. However, she flushed a convoy
5 March. During the attack she had a close call when an enemy escort trying to ram her damaged her periscope
. Two days later she sailed for Midway
, arriving 26 March.
After repairs, the submarine departed Midway 20 April 1945 for her third war patrol, and was assigned aircraft lifeguard duty off Marcus Island. Responding to reports of flyers in the water north of the island 9 May, Jallao braved shore batteries to move in and pick up five men in a raft, delivering them safely to Saipan
12 May 1945. She then departed for the coast of Japan and more lifeguard duty as American heavy bombers stepped up their attacks on the home islands. She arrived Pearl Harbor 13 June 1945.
After advanced training in the Marianas
, Jallao departed Guam
31 July to patrol the Sea of Japan
. On this, her fourth and final patrol, the submarine sank 6,000-ton freighter Timoko Maru 11 August 1945 {19 survivors were found by the USS Stickleback (SS-415)
21 August 1945}. Four days later hostilities ended; and the ship sailed via Guam to San Francisco, where she arrived 28 September 1945. She was decommissioned at Mare Island
30 September 1946, and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
in July 1953, for a GUPPY IIA conversion in which she was streamlined and equipped with snorkel
ing gear and new electric equipment. She recommissioned 4 December 1953, Lt. Comdr. J. W. Mercer in command. After shakedown in the San Diego area, the submarine departed 12 April for the East Coast, steaming via the Panama Canal
to Norfolk, Va.
Joining Submarine Squadron 6, Jallao operated out of Halifax, Nova Scotia
during 1954, training with Canadian and American antisubmarine units. In January and February 1955, she took part in fleet exercises in the Caribbean
, returning to Norfolk 4 March.
Jallaos home port was changed to New London in July 1955 and she got underway with British
submarine 7 August to take part in Joint Exercise "New Broom IV". Following this operation, Jallao was deployed to the 6th Fleet and departed for the Mediterranean
9 November 1955. In the months that followed, she helped train Italian Navy
ships and took part in fleet exercises, beginning the long voyage home in mid-January 1956. The ship steamed through the Suez Canal
, visited several countries of eastern and southern Africa
, and crossed the South Atlantic to take part in exercises with Uruguay
an and Brazil
ian destroyer
s. The veteran submarine returned to New London 16 April.
Jallao spent most of 1958 on training exercises off the Atlantic Coast, taking part in a combined antisubmarine exercise in the North Atlantic in September. The year 1959 was spent largely in equipment development work and training with the Submarine School at New London.
The ship got underway 20 January 1960 for exercises in the Caribbean, returning 19 February. The latter part of the year was spent in training out of Bermuda
. From 9 January to 24 March 1961, the veteran submarine carried out special training operations off Scotland
, and operated with Canadian ships off Halifax during that summer. The remainder of the year was spent in the New London area.
Jallao began 1962 with her second Mediterranean cruise, sailing 2 January and exercising with the vital 6th Fleet in the troubled area until 7 May. The last 4 months of the year were spent in extensive modernization and repairs at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
. Through 1963 and 1964, the ship took part in training cruises to the Caribbean, served in submarine school training, and participated in equipment evaluation work.
On 3 January 1965, she departed for a 4-month 6th Fleet deployment. She returned 1 May for submarine warfare tactics and submarine school operations out of New London. Jallao operated along the Atlantic coast and in the Caribbean until 1974.
. The submarine was commissioned into the Spanish Navy as SPS Narciso Monturiol (S-35), named after Narcís Monturiol
.
Monturiol was decommissioned 12 December 1984, and scuttled off Cartagena
in 1985.
Balao class submarine
The Balao class was a successful design of United States Navy submarine used during World War II, and with 122 units built, the largest class of submarines in the United States Navy. An improvement on the earlier Gato class, the boats had slight internal differences...
submarine
Submarine
A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability...
, was a ship of the United States Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
named for the jallao, a pearl-white haemulonid food fish of the Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico is a partially landlocked ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In...
.
Jallao (SS-368) was launched
Ship naming and launching
The ceremonies involved in naming and launching naval ships are based in traditions thousands of years old.-Methods of launch:There are three principal methods of conveying a new ship from building site to water, only two of which are called "launching." The oldest, most familiar, and most widely...
by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wisc., 12 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Oliver G. Kirk; and commissioned
Ship commissioning
Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service, and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to the placing of a warship in active duty with its country's military...
8 July 1944, Lieutenant Commander Joseph B. Icenhower in command.
After spending most of July in training operations, Jallao departed Manitowoc 26 July for Chicago, where she was loaded into a floating dry dock for the long trip down the Mississippi
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...
to New Orleans
New Orleans, Louisiana
New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The New Orleans metropolitan area has a population of 1,235,650 as of 2009, the 46th largest in the USA. The New Orleans – Metairie – Bogalusa combined statistical area has a population...
. She subsequently departed New Orleans 6 August 1944, and steamed through the Panama Canal
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is a ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. Built from 1904 to 1914, the canal has seen annual traffic rise from about 1,000 ships early on to 14,702 vessels measuring a total of 309.6...
to the Pacific and arrived Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, known to Hawaiians as Puuloa, is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...
22 September 1944.
First patrol, October – December 1944
Following additional training the submarine sailed 9 October for her first war patrol, operating with and in a coordinated attack group known as "Clarey's Crushers". At first the submarines proceeded toward Luzon StraitLuzon Strait
The Luzon Strait is the strait between the island country of Taiwan and Luzon island of the Philippines. The strait thereby connects the Philippine Sea to the South China Sea in the western Pacific Ocean....
; but, during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Battle of Leyte Gulf, also called the "Battles for Leyte Gulf", and formerly known as the "Second Battle of the Philippine Sea", is generally considered to be the largest naval battle of World War II and, by some criteria, possibly the largest naval battle in history.It was fought in waters...
late in October, they were directed to take up scouting positions between the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
to cut off Japanese cripples struggling home after their devastating defeat at the Battle off Cape Engaño. On the evening of 25 October Jallao contacted damaged light cruiser
Light cruiser
A light cruiser is a type of small- or medium-sized warship. The term is a shortening of the phrase "light armored cruiser", describing a small ship that carried armor in the same way as an armored cruiser: a protective belt and deck...
Tama
Japanese cruiser Tama
was the second of the five Kuma-class light cruisers, which served with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. It was named after the Tama River in Kantō region of Japan.-Background:...
and moved to attack. She fired seven torpedoes; three hit the Japanese warship, sinking it. After this notable success on her maiden patrol, Jallao continued her search until 28 November, returning to Majuro
Majuro
Majuro , is a large coral atoll of 64 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. The atoll itself has a land area of and encloses a lagoon of...
10 December.
Second–fourth patrols, January – September 1945
Jallao sailed for the Yellow SeaYellow Sea
The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula. Its name comes from the sand particles from Gobi Desert sand storms that turn the surface of the water golden...
for her second war patrol 6 January 1945. The decimated Japanese merchant marine offered few targets. However, she flushed a convoy
Convoy
A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection. Often, a convoy is organized with armed defensive support, though it may also be used in a non-military sense, for example when driving through remote areas.-Age of Sail:Naval...
5 March. During the attack she had a close call when an enemy escort trying to ram her damaged her periscope
Periscope
A periscope is an instrument for observation from a concealed position. In its simplest form it consists of a tube with mirrors at each end set parallel to each other at a 45-degree angle....
. Two days later she sailed for Midway
Midway Atoll
Midway Atoll is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian archipelago, about one-third of the way between Honolulu, Hawaii, and Tokyo, Japan. Unique among the Hawaiian islands, Midway observes UTC-11 , eleven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time and one hour...
, arriving 26 March.
After repairs, the submarine departed Midway 20 April 1945 for her third war patrol, and was assigned aircraft lifeguard duty off Marcus Island. Responding to reports of flyers in the water north of the island 9 May, Jallao braved shore batteries to move in and pick up five men in a raft, delivering them safely to Saipan
Saipan
Saipan is the largest island of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , a chain of 15 tropical islands belonging to the Marianas archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean with a total area of . The 2000 census population was 62,392...
12 May 1945. She then departed for the coast of Japan and more lifeguard duty as American heavy bombers stepped up their attacks on the home islands. She arrived Pearl Harbor 13 June 1945.
After advanced training in the Marianas
Mariana Islands
The Mariana Islands are an arc-shaped archipelago made up by the summits of 15 volcanic mountains in the north-western Pacific Ocean between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east...
, Jallao departed Guam
Guam
Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
31 July to patrol the Sea of Japan
Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland, the Japanese archipelago and Sakhalin. It is bordered by Japan, North Korea, Russia and South Korea. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific...
. On this, her fourth and final patrol, the submarine sank 6,000-ton freighter Timoko Maru 11 August 1945 {19 survivors were found by the USS Stickleback (SS-415)
USS Stickleback (SS-415)
USS Stickleback , a Balao-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the stickleback, any of numerous small scaleless fish having two or more free spines in front of the dorsal fin. Her keel was laid down on 1 March 1944 by the Mare Island Navy Yard of Vallejo,...
21 August 1945}. Four days later hostilities ended; and the ship sailed via Guam to San Francisco, where she arrived 28 September 1945. She was decommissioned at Mare Island
Mare Island Naval Shipyard
The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was the first United States Navy base established on the Pacific Ocean. It is located 25 miles northeast of San Francisco in Vallejo, California. The Napa River goes through the Mare Island Strait and separates the peninsula shipyard from the main portion of the...
30 September 1946, and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
1953–1956
Jallaos home port was changed to New LondonNaval Submarine Base New London
Naval Submarine Base New London is the United States Navy's primary submarine base, the "Home of the Submarine Force", and "the Submarine Capital of the World".-History:...
in July 1953, for a GUPPY IIA conversion in which she was streamlined and equipped with snorkel
Submarine snorkel
A submarine snorkel is a device which allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surface. Navy personnel often refer to it as the snort.-History:...
ing gear and new electric equipment. She recommissioned 4 December 1953, Lt. Comdr. J. W. Mercer in command. After shakedown in the San Diego area, the submarine departed 12 April for the East Coast, steaming via the Panama Canal
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is a ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. Built from 1904 to 1914, the canal has seen annual traffic rise from about 1,000 ships early on to 14,702 vessels measuring a total of 309.6...
to Norfolk, Va.
Naval Station Norfolk
Naval Station Norfolk, in Norfolk, Virginia, is a base of the United States Navy, supporting naval forces in the United States Fleet Forces Command, those operating in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean...
Joining Submarine Squadron 6, Jallao operated out of Halifax, Nova Scotia
City of Halifax
Halifax is a city in Canada, which was the capital of the province of Nova Scotia and shire town of Halifax County. It was the largest city in Atlantic Canada until it was amalgamated into Halifax Regional Municipality in 1996...
during 1954, training with Canadian and American antisubmarine units. In January and February 1955, she took part in fleet exercises in the Caribbean
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....
, returning to Norfolk 4 March.
Jallaos home port was changed to New London in July 1955 and she got underway with British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
submarine 7 August to take part in Joint Exercise "New Broom IV". Following this operation, Jallao was deployed to the 6th Fleet and departed for the Mediterranean
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...
9 November 1955. In the months that followed, she helped train Italian Navy
Italian Navy
Italian Navy may refer to:* Pre-unitarian navies of the Italian states* Regia Marina, the Royal Navy of the Kingdom of Italy * Italian Navy , the navy of the Italian Republic...
ships and took part in fleet exercises, beginning the long voyage home in mid-January 1956. The ship steamed through the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
, visited several countries of eastern and southern Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, and crossed the South Atlantic to take part in exercises with Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
an and Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian destroyer
Destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, powerful, short-range attackers. Destroyers, originally called torpedo-boat destroyers in 1892, evolved from...
s. The veteran submarine returned to New London 16 April.
1957–1967
After having installed the latest in electronic gear, Jallao resumed operations in January 1957. Combined fleet exercises in the Caribbean occupied her through February; and, after coastal antisubmarine operations, she arrived Boston late in July for a short midshipman training cruise. September and October were spent in the North Atlantic on a NATO exercise as the submarine helped strengthen the armed forces of the Atlantic Allies. She returned to New London 24 October 1957.Jallao spent most of 1958 on training exercises off the Atlantic Coast, taking part in a combined antisubmarine exercise in the North Atlantic in September. The year 1959 was spent largely in equipment development work and training with the Submarine School at New London.
The ship got underway 20 January 1960 for exercises in the Caribbean, returning 19 February. The latter part of the year was spent in training out of Bermuda
Bermuda
Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
. From 9 January to 24 March 1961, the veteran submarine carried out special training operations off Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
, and operated with Canadian ships off Halifax during that summer. The remainder of the year was spent in the New London area.
Jallao began 1962 with her second Mediterranean cruise, sailing 2 January and exercising with the vital 6th Fleet in the troubled area until 7 May. The last 4 months of the year were spent in extensive modernization and repairs at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
The Philadelphia Naval Business Center, formerly known as the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and Philadelphia Navy Yard, was the first naval shipyard of the United States. The U.S. Navy reduced its activities there in the 1990s, and ended most of them on September 30, 1995...
. Through 1963 and 1964, the ship took part in training cruises to the Caribbean, served in submarine school training, and participated in equipment evaluation work.
On 3 January 1965, she departed for a 4-month 6th Fleet deployment. She returned 1 May for submarine warfare tactics and submarine school operations out of New London. Jallao operated along the Atlantic coast and in the Caribbean until 1974.
SPS Narciso Monturiol (S-35)
On 26 June 1974, Jallao was decommissioned, struck from the US Naval Register, and transferred (sold) under the terms of the Security Assistance Program, to SpainSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. The submarine was commissioned into the Spanish Navy as SPS Narciso Monturiol (S-35), named after Narcís Monturiol
Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol
Narcís Monturiol Estarriol was a Spanish Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer. He was the inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early form of air-independent propulsion....
.
Monturiol was decommissioned 12 December 1984, and scuttled off Cartagena
Cartagena, Spain
Cartagena is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia, by the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Spain. As of January 2011, it has a population of 218,210 inhabitants being the Region’s second largest municipality and the country’s 6th non-Province capital...
in 1985.