United Nations Security Council Resolution 1423
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1423, adopted unanimously on July 12, 2002, after recalling resolutions 1031
(1995), 1035
(1995), 1088
(1996), 1103
(1997), 1107
(1997), 1144
(1997), 1168
(1998), 1174
(1998), 1184
(1998), 1247
(1999), 1305
(2000), 1357
(2001) and 1396
(2002), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(UNMIBH) for a period until on December 31, 2002 and authorised states participating in the NATO-led Stabilisation Force
(SFOR) to continue to do so for a further twelve months.
The adoption of the resolution was delayed due to a veto
from the United States
concerning immunity for its peacekeepers from the International Criminal Court
(ICC), whose Statute
entered into force on July 1, 2002. The current resolution was approved following the adoption of Resolution 1422
(2002) granting immunity to nationals of countries who were not party to the ICC Statute.
(General Framework Agreement) and welcomed positive contributions by Croatia
and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro
) in the peace process in Bosnia and Herzegovina
. The situation continued to constitute a threat to peace and security and the Council was determined to promote a peaceful resolution of the conflict. It welcomed the decision by the Council of Europe
to make Bosnia and Herzegovina a member and fully meet the standards of a modern democracy
.
, the Council reminded the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and others of their responsibility to implement the Dayton Agreement. It emphasised the role of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
to monitor its implementation. It also attached importance to co-operation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
.
The Security Council commended the countries participating in SFOR to continue their operations for an additional twelve months; it would be extended beyond this date if warranted by the situation in the country. It also authorised the use of necessary measures, including that of the use of force and self-defense
, to ensure compliance with the agreements and the safety and freedom of movement
of SFOR personnel. At the same time, the mandate
of UNMIBH, which included that of the International Police Task Force (IPTF), was extended until December 31, 2002. Countries were urged to provide training, equipment and support to local police forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
was requested to submit reports from the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
.
The resolution further welcomed the European Union
's offer to establish a European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina from January 1, 2003 to succeed UNMIBH.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1423, adopted unanimously on July 12, 2002, after recalling resolutions 1031
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1031
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1031, adopted unanimously on December 15, 1995, after recalling all previous resolutions on the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, discussed the transfer of authority from the United...
(1995), 1035
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035, adopted unanimously on December 21, 1995, after recalling Resolution 1031 and the Dayton Agreement, the Council authorised the establishment of a United Nations civilian police force, known as the International Police Task Force to carry out tasks...
(1995), 1088
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1088
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1088, adopted unanimously on December 12, 1996, after recalling all resolutions on the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and in particular resolutions 1031 and 1035 , the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, authorised the...
(1996), 1103
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1103
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1103, adopted unanimously on March 31, 1997, after recalling all resolutions on the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and in particular resolutions 1035 and 1088 , the Council authorised an increase in the strength of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia...
(1997), 1107
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1107
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1107, adopted unanimously on May 16, 1997, after recalling Resolution 1103 on the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina and United Nations International Police Task Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council authorised a further increase in...
(1997), 1144
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1144
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1144, adopted unanimously on December 19, 1997, after recalling Resolution 1103 on the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina and United Nations International Police Task Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council extended the mandate of...
(1997), 1168
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1168
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1168, adopted unanimously on May 21, 1998, after recalling resolutions 1031 , 1035 , 1088 , 1103 , 1107 and 1144 , the Council strengthened the International Police Task Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina by up to 30 posts to a total strength of 2,057.There...
(1998), 1174
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1174
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1174, adopted unanimously on June 15, 1998, after recalling resolutions 1031 , 1035 , 1088 , 1103 , 1107 , 1144 and 1168 , the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period terminating on June 21, 1999...
(1998), 1184
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1184
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1184, adopted unanimously on July 16, 1998, after recalling previous resolutions concerning the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, particularly resolutions 1168 and 1174 , the Council established a programme to monitor the court system in Bosnia and...
(1998), 1247
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1247
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1247, adopted unanimously on June 18, 1999, after recalling resolutions 1031 , 1035 , 1088 , 1103 , 1107 , 1144 , 1168 , 1174 and 1184 , the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period terminating on...
(1999), 1305
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1305
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1305, adopted on June 21, 2000, after recalling resolutions 1031 , 1035 , 1088 , 1103 , 1107 , 1144 , 1168 , 1174 , 1184 and 1247 , the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period terminating on June...
(2000), 1357
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1357
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1357, adopted unanimously on June 21, 2001, after recalling resolutions 1031 , 1035 , 1088 , 1103 , 1107 , 1144 , 1168 , 1174 , 1184 , 1247 and 1305 , the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period...
(2001) and 1396
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1396
In United Nations Security Council Resolution 1396, adopted unanimously on March 5, 2002, after recalling resolutions 1031 , 1088 , 1112 , 1256 and 1357 on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council welcomed the acceptance by the Steering Board of the Peace Implementation Council on...
(2002), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international organization formed under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035 on 21 December 1995. It completed its mandate on 31 December 2002, when it was succeeded by the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and...
(UNMIBH) for a period until on December 31, 2002 and authorised states participating in the NATO-led Stabilisation Force
SFOR
The Stabilisation Force was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force in Bosnia and Herzegovina which was tasked with upholding the Dayton Agreement. It replaced the previous force IFOR...
(SFOR) to continue to do so for a further twelve months.
The adoption of the resolution was delayed due to a veto
United Nations Security Council veto power
The United Nations Security Council "power of veto" refers to the veto power wielded solely by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , enabling them to prevent the adoption of any "substantive" draft Council resolution, regardless of the level of international support...
from the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
concerning immunity for its peacekeepers from the International Criminal Court
International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
(ICC), whose Statute
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court . It was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Rome on 17 July 1998 and it entered into force on 1 July 2002. As of 13 October 2011, 119 states are party to the statute...
entered into force on July 1, 2002. The current resolution was approved following the adoption of Resolution 1422
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1422
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1422, adopted unanimously on July 12, 2002, after noting the recent entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the Council granted immunity from prosecution by the International Criminal Court to United Nations peacekeeping...
(2002) granting immunity to nationals of countries who were not party to the ICC Statute.
Observations
The Security Council underlined the importance of the Dayton AgreementDayton Agreement
The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol or Dayton-Paris Agreement, is the peace agreement reached at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, and formally signed in Paris on...
(General Framework Agreement) and welcomed positive contributions by Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro was a country in southeastern Europe, formed from two former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : Serbia and Montenegro. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was established in 1992 as a federation called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
) in the peace process in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
. The situation continued to constitute a threat to peace and security and the Council was determined to promote a peaceful resolution of the conflict. It welcomed the decision by the Council of Europe
Council of Europe
The Council of Europe is an international organisation promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation...
to make Bosnia and Herzegovina a member and fully meet the standards of a modern democracy
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...
.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterChapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Council reminded the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and others of their responsibility to implement the Dayton Agreement. It emphasised the role of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
to monitor its implementation. It also attached importance to co-operation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, more commonly referred to as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or ICTY, is a...
.
The Security Council commended the countries participating in SFOR to continue their operations for an additional twelve months; it would be extended beyond this date if warranted by the situation in the country. It also authorised the use of necessary measures, including that of the use of force and self-defense
Self-defense
Self-defense, self-defence or private defense is a countermeasure that involves defending oneself, one's property or the well-being of another from physical harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many...
, to ensure compliance with the agreements and the safety and freedom of movement
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
of SFOR personnel. At the same time, the mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
of UNMIBH, which included that of the International Police Task Force (IPTF), was extended until December 31, 2002. Countries were urged to provide training, equipment and support to local police forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
was requested to submit reports from the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
.
The resolution further welcomed the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
's offer to establish a European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina from January 1, 2003 to succeed UNMIBH.
See also
- Bosnian WarBosnian WarThe Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides...
- Dayton AgreementDayton AgreementThe General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol or Dayton-Paris Agreement, is the peace agreement reached at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, and formally signed in Paris on...
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1401 to 1500 (2002 – 2003)
- Yugoslav WarsYugoslav warsThe Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...