United Nations Security Council Resolution 1590
Encyclopedia
United Nations Security Council Resolution
1590, adopted unanimously on 24 March 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547
(2004), 1556
(2004), 1564
(2004), 1574
(2004), 1585
(2005) and 1588
(2005) on the situation in Sudan
, the Council established the United Nations Mission in Sudan
(UNMIS) for an initial period of six months.
The passage of the resolution created the United Nations' 17th peacekeeping mission. The vote on the resolution primarily concerning South Sudan
was delayed by three weeks due to disagreements over the situation in nearby Darfur.
in January 2005 by the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement. The parties were urged to bring about peace and stability in Darfur
and prevent further violations of human rights and international humanitarian law
, and end impunity
. Such violations of human rights and of the ceasefire
were condemned.
The preamble of the resolution also expressed concern about the humanitarian situation and the safety of humanitarian aid
workers. It was alarmed at the continuing violence in Darfur and noted that the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement had requested the presence of a peacekeeping
mission. The Council considered the situation to be a threat to international peace and security.
(AMIS) and had the following mandate
:
support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement; facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance and with the return of refugee
s and internally displaced person
s; assist in demining
efforts; contribute towards the protection of human rights and the protection of civilians.
The parties were urged to guarantee the safety and freedom of movement
of UNMIS and humanitarian personnel, further emphasising that there could be no military solution to the conflict in Darfur. Meanwhile, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
was asked to transfer responsibilities from the United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan (UNAMIS) to UNMIS, and to keep the Council regularly informed on developments.
The resolution demanded strict adherence to the zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation
. Furthermore, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
, UNMIS was authorised to use force if necessary to protect personnel, civilians and facilities during the course of its mandate. The Council also asked for an increase in the deployment of human rights monitors to the Darfur region.
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1590, adopted unanimously on 24 March 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1547
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1547, adopted unanimously on June 11, 2004, after welcoming the commitment of the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement to work towards a full ceasefire and peace agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Council...
(2004), 1556
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556, adopted unanimously on July 30, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 and 1547 on the situation in Sudan, the Council demanded that the Sudanese government disarm the Janjaweed militia and bring to justice those who had committed violations of...
(2004), 1564
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564, adopted on September 18, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 , 1547 and 1556 , the Council threatened the imposition of sanctions against Sudan if it failed to comply with its obligations on Darfur, and an internaional inquiry was established to...
(2004), 1574
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1574
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1574, adopted unanimously at a meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, on November 19, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 and 1564 , the Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the conflicts in Sudan and reiterated its readiness to establish a mission...
(2004), 1585
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1585
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1585, adopted unanimously on March 10, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 and 1574 on the situation in Sudan, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan for a period of one week.The mandate was extended...
(2005) and 1588
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1588
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1588, adopted unanimously on March 17, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 , 1574 and 1585 on the situation in Sudan, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan for a period of one week.The mandate was...
(2005) on the situation in Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
, the Council established the United Nations Mission in Sudan
United Nations Mission in Sudan
The United Nations Mission in the Sudan was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005 in Nairobi,...
(UNMIS) for an initial period of six months.
The passage of the resolution created the United Nations' 17th peacekeeping mission. The vote on the resolution primarily concerning South Sudan
South Sudan
South Sudan , officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country located in the Sahel region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN sub-region. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more...
was delayed by three weeks due to disagreements over the situation in nearby Darfur.
Observations
The Security Council welcomed the signing of the Comprehensive Peace AgreementComprehensive Peace Agreement
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement , also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was a set of agreements culminating in January 2005 that were signed between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan...
in January 2005 by the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement. The parties were urged to bring about peace and stability in Darfur
Darfur
Darfur is a region in western Sudan. An independent sultanate for several hundred years, it was incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. The region is divided into three federal states: West Darfur, South Darfur, and North Darfur...
and prevent further violations of human rights and international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law , often referred to as the laws of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus that comprises "the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law." It...
, and end impunity
Impunity
Impunity means "exemption from punishment or loss or escape from fines". In the international law of human rights, it refers to the failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and redress...
. Such violations of human rights and of the ceasefire
Ceasefire
A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but they have also been called as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces...
were condemned.
The preamble of the resolution also expressed concern about the humanitarian situation and the safety of humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disaster and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity...
workers. It was alarmed at the continuing violence in Darfur and noted that the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement had requested the presence of a peacekeeping
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
mission. The Council considered the situation to be a threat to international peace and security.
Acts
The Security Council decided to establish UNMIS for an initial period of six months, with 10,000 military and 715 police personnel. It was instructed to co-operate with the African Union Mission in SudanAfrican Union Mission in Sudan
The African Union Mission in Sudan was an African Union peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of Darfur with the aim of performing peacekeeping operations related to the Darfur conflict. Originally founded in 2004, with a force of 150 troops, by mid-2005, its...
(AMIS) and had the following mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
:
support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement; facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance and with the return of refugee
Refugee
A refugee is a person who outside her country of origin or habitual residence because she has suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because she is a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until...
s and internally displaced person
Internally displaced person
An internally displaced person is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee. At the end of 2006 it was estimated there were...
s; assist in demining
Demining
Demining or mine clearance is the process of removing either land mines, or naval mines, from an area, while minesweeping describes the act of detecting of mines. There are two distinct types of mine detection and removal: military and humanitarian.Minesweepers use many tools in order to accomplish...
efforts; contribute towards the protection of human rights and the protection of civilians.
The parties were urged to guarantee the safety and freedom of movement
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
of UNMIS and humanitarian personnel, further emphasising that there could be no military solution to the conflict in Darfur. Meanwhile, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
was asked to transfer responsibilities from the United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan (UNAMIS) to UNMIS, and to keep the Council regularly informed on developments.
The resolution demanded strict adherence to the zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation
Sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response
The sexual exploitation and abuse of beneficiaries by humanitarian workers first came to public attention with the release of a report in February 2002 of a joint assessment mission looking into the issue...
. Furthermore, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, UNMIS was authorised to use force if necessary to protect personnel, civilians and facilities during the course of its mandate. The Council also asked for an increase in the deployment of human rights monitors to the Darfur region.
See also
- African Union Mission in SudanAfrican Union Mission in SudanThe African Union Mission in Sudan was an African Union peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of Darfur with the aim of performing peacekeeping operations related to the Darfur conflict. Originally founded in 2004, with a force of 150 troops, by mid-2005, its...
- African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
- International response to the War in Darfur
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1501 to 1600 (2003–2005)
- Southern Sudan
- Timeline of the War in Darfur
- War in DarfurWar in DarfurThe Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...