Ustye, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast
Encyclopedia
Ustye also Ustye Kubenskoye is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ust-Kubinsky District
, Vologda Oblast
, Russia
, located on the banks of the Kubena River
close to its confluence with Lake Kubenskoye
. It also serves as the administrative center of Ustyansky Selsoviet, one of the ten selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Ustyanskoye Rural Settlement. Until 2004 Ustye was an urban-type settlement. Population:
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. Kamenny Monastery
on Kamenny Island on Lake Kubenskoye was founded in 1260. In 15th century, the area, known as Zaozyorye (translated as Trans-lake lands), for a short period became a principality, Principality of Zaozyorye, which was dependent on Principality of Yaroslavl
. Before 1447, it became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
. It is not exactly known what was the capital of the principality but presumably it was located at the current location of Ustye. Ivan the Terrible visited the mouth of the Kubena in 1545. The selo of Ustye is known since 1570. Due to the location on one of the trading routes connecting the basins of the Northern Dvina and the Volga
, and in the mouth of the Kubena, Ustye became a prosperous settlement living from trading. It was also a gateway for the pilgrims heading to Kamenny Monastery. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Zaozyorye was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. Ustye became then part of Kadnikovsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
.
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into the Northern Krai
, and Ust-Kubinsky District with the administrative center of Ustye was established among others. In 1932, Ustye became an urban-type settlement. In 2004 the status was revoked, and it became a selo again.
. There are also local roads in the district, with regular bus traffic.
The lower course of the Kubena and Lake Kubenskoye are navigable, however, there is no passenger navigation in Ustye. The northern part of Lake Kubenskoye, which belongs to the basin of the Northern Dvina River, is connected by Northern Dvina Canal
with the town of Kirillov and the Sheksna River
, thus connecting the basins of the White Sea
and the Volga
. In 19th century, the canal and Lake Kubenskoye were the main waterway connecting the Volga with the White Sea. However, in 1930s the White Sea – Baltic Canal was built, and the Northern Dvina Canal lost its significance. The canal is still in operation, serving cargo traffic and occasional cruise ships, which then proceed to Lake Kubenskoye.
on Kamenny Island are also protected as a federal monument.
Ustye hosts the Ust-Kubinsky District Museum of History and Ethnography.
Two of the handicrafts developed in Ust-Kubensky District and, in particular, in Ustye, have been officially recognized and protected by Vologda Oblast Law. These are lace-making
(Ustye Lace, Kubenoozyorskoye Lace) and oxhorn carving (Ustye Horns).
Ust-Kubinsky District
Ust-Kubinsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ust-Kubinsky Municipal District...
, Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located on the banks of the Kubena River
Kubena River
The Kubena is a river in Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vozhegodsky, Syamzhensky, Kharovsky, Sokolsky, and Ust-Kubinsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin . The Kubena is the principal tributary of Lake Kubenskoye and belongs to the basins...
close to its confluence with Lake Kubenskoye
Lake Kubenskoye
Kubenskoe Lake is a large and shallow lake in Vologda Oblast of Russia, situated at the height of 109 metres above mean sea level, stretching for 60 km from north-west to south-east....
. It also serves as the administrative center of Ustyansky Selsoviet, one of the ten selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Ustyanskoye Rural Settlement. Until 2004 Ustye was an urban-type settlement. Population:
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. Kamenny Monastery
Kamenny Monastery
Kamenny Monastery was the name of a Russian Orthodox monastery situated on a small eponymous island in the very centre of the Kubensky Lake. It is distinguished as the first stone monastery of the Russian North.Kamenny Island is very small, measuring just 120 metres by 70 metres...
on Kamenny Island on Lake Kubenskoye was founded in 1260. In 15th century, the area, known as Zaozyorye (translated as Trans-lake lands), for a short period became a principality, Principality of Zaozyorye, which was dependent on Principality of Yaroslavl
Principality of Yaroslavl
The Principality of Yaroslavl was an eastern Slavic principality, which existed in 1218—1463.Its first independent prince was Vsyevolod Konstantinovich, who died fighting the Mongols on the Siti river, March 4th 1238. Yaroslavl had been sacked in February...
. Before 1447, it became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
. It is not exactly known what was the capital of the principality but presumably it was located at the current location of Ustye. Ivan the Terrible visited the mouth of the Kubena in 1545. The selo of Ustye is known since 1570. Due to the location on one of the trading routes connecting the basins of the Northern Dvina and the Volga
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
, and in the mouth of the Kubena, Ustye became a prosperous settlement living from trading. It was also a gateway for the pilgrims heading to Kamenny Monastery. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Zaozyorye was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. Ustye became then part of Kadnikovsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
.
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into the Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and Ust-Kubinsky District with the administrative center of Ustye was established among others. In 1932, Ustye became an urban-type settlement. In 2004 the status was revoked, and it became a selo again.
Industry
There are timber inductry, construction industry, and food industry enterprises located in Ustye.Transport
Ustye is connected by a road with SokolSokol, Vologda Oblast
Sokol is a town in the center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at both banks of the Sukhona. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Sokolsky District, by which it is completely surrounded but is not administratively...
. There are also local roads in the district, with regular bus traffic.
The lower course of the Kubena and Lake Kubenskoye are navigable, however, there is no passenger navigation in Ustye. The northern part of Lake Kubenskoye, which belongs to the basin of the Northern Dvina River, is connected by Northern Dvina Canal
Northern Dvina Canal
The Northern Dvina Canal is a 64 km long canal in Vologda Oblast in Russia. It connects the Volga-Baltic Waterway to the Northern Dvina River through its tributary, the Sukhona River...
with the town of Kirillov and the Sheksna River
Sheksna River
The Sheksna is a river in Belozersky, Kirillovsky, Sheksninsky, and Cherepovetsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, thus connecting the basins of the White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
and the Volga
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
. In 19th century, the canal and Lake Kubenskoye were the main waterway connecting the Volga with the White Sea. However, in 1930s the White Sea – Baltic Canal was built, and the Northern Dvina Canal lost its significance. The canal is still in operation, serving cargo traffic and occasional cruise ships, which then proceed to Lake Kubenskoye.
Culture and recreation
Ustye contains five cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (the ensemble of churches known as Voskresensky Pogost) and additionally twenty-nine objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The ruins of Kamenny MonasteryKamenny Monastery
Kamenny Monastery was the name of a Russian Orthodox monastery situated on a small eponymous island in the very centre of the Kubensky Lake. It is distinguished as the first stone monastery of the Russian North.Kamenny Island is very small, measuring just 120 metres by 70 metres...
on Kamenny Island are also protected as a federal monument.
Ustye hosts the Ust-Kubinsky District Museum of History and Ethnography.
Two of the handicrafts developed in Ust-Kubensky District and, in particular, in Ustye, have been officially recognized and protected by Vologda Oblast Law. These are lace-making
Lace
Lace is an openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. Lace-making is an ancient craft. True lace was...
(Ustye Lace, Kubenoozyorskoye Lace) and oxhorn carving (Ustye Horns).