Vera Yurasova
Encyclopedia
Vera Yurasova is a Russia
n physicist
who has made major contributions to the study of the processes of interactions between ion beams and solid surfaces, both their experimental characteristics and their physical mechanisms.
Vera Yurasova was born in Moscow on 4 August 1928. Her father, Evgeniy Yurasov, was the Head of the Department of Radio Communication in Aviation in the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. Her husband, Anatoliy Gorshkov (1928-1997), was also a physicist and a Doctor of Science. Their daughter is Dr Tanya Yurasova.
Vera Yurasova studied at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University
from 1946 to 1951. She did her diploma project – "Movement and focusing of particles in a trakhotron" – in the Institute of Automatic Telemechanics of Academy of Science of the USSR, under the supervision of Professor Dmitri Zyornov. After finishing her studies in 1951, she started work at Moscow University, at the department of electron optics
, in the Faculty of Physics.
In 1958 she completed her PhD on "Processes under cathodic sputtering
of metal mono- and poly-crystals", under supervision of Professor Grigoriy Spivak. In 1975, she became a Doctor of Science
for her work on "Emission of atomic particles under ion bombardment of single crystals".
In the early days of her research work, she regularly discussed her scientific results with key scientists, who were at the time working at the Physics Faculty of Moscow University: Aleksey Shubnikov, Sergey Vekshinskiy, Lev Artsimovich
. Along with Spivak, she counts these as her teachers. Later, she had particularly close scientific links with the theorist Oleg Firsov
, with whom she also worked in the Russian Academy of Sciences
Council for Plasma Physics.
• Vera Yurasova was one of the founders of the scientific school of research on the interactions of atomic particles with solids. She is well known both in Russia and abroad. Key areas of her scientific research have been electronics, radiation physics of solids, diagnostics of surfaces with ion beams, and computer simulation of ion interactions with surfaces.
Teaching at Moscow University
• Developed and taught courses on “Electron-optic equipment”, “Interaction of ions with the surface”. Headed the Soviet (and later Russian) seminar on fundamental and applied problems in the interaction of ions with the surface – a special seminar for PhD students studying sputtering and ion emissions.
• Supervised 30 successful PhD students, eight of whom went on to become Doctors of Science.
Scientific work
• Was the first to observe the anisotropy of single-crystal sputtering at high energies of incident ions (in the range from one to tens of keV) and the anisotropy of ion scattering.
• Discovered a quantum
effect in sputtering, showing that spin orientation influences the emission of secondary particles from ferromagnetic materials.
• Discovered oscillations in the energy spectrum of secondary excited ions, which point to quantum interference of various states of the ions and the target. This provided a new experimental method of establishing the electronic structure of the surface.
• Through experiments and computer simulation, was the first to research the specifics of binary-compound single crystal sputtering and find different anisotropy of the emission of the different components of the compound or alloy.
• Studied radiation stability of a number of compounds, used as hard coatings and as sources of light of increased brightness.
• Developed the methodology and created the first industrial installation for etching surface structure by ion bombardment.
These and her other scientific results are highly valued in scientific papers and books. See, for example, N.V. Pleshivdtsev “Cathodic Sputtering” (Atomizdat 1963) and R. Behrisch “Sputtering by Particle Bombardment,II" (Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1983).
Scientific Committees
She has played an active role on a number of scientific councils in the Academy of Science and the Ministry of Higher Education, and in the organising and programme committees of many international conferences. She is a member of the International Bohmische Physical Society (since 1992), and the International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Application — IUVSTA (since 1992). She is the member of the editorial board of the international journal “Vacuum
” (Elsevier
) since 1991.
Her hobbies include music
, painting
and photography
.
Books
• V.E. Yurasova, G.V.Spivak, A.I.Krokhina, "Modern electron microscopy", M: NTO by A.S.Popov, 1965.
• M.D.Gabovich, M.I.Guseva, V.E.Yurasova, "Ion physics and technology". Kiev:I.F. 1990, 61 pp.
• V.E.Yurasova, "Interaction of ions with surfaces". М: PrimaB, 1999, 639pp.
Papers
Author of over 450 scientific works. These include:
• "Novel theory of cathode sputtering and micro-structure of sputtered surface of metal" (J. Techn. Phys. 1958, 28, 1966-1970); "Directed emission of particles from a copper single crystal sputtered by ions up to 50 keV" (JETP, 1959, 37, 966-971); "Anisotropy of the reflection of argon ions from a copper single crystal" (JETP, 1964, 47, 473-475); "Directional emission of charged particles from a single crystal under ion bombardment" (Phys. Stat. Sol., 1966, 17, k187-k190); "Change in sputtering of single-crystal nickel on going through the Curie point" (Letter to JETP, 1975, 21, 197-199); "Formation of cones during sputtering" (Rad. Eff., 1976, 27, 237-244); "Emission of secondary particles during ion bombardment of metals in the phase-transition region", Part 1: Sputtering (Vacuum, 1983, 33, 565-578), Part 2: Charged-particle and photon emission (Vacuum, 1986, 36, 435-458); "Quasi-resonance processes in the emission of excited secondary silicon ions" (NIMB,1988, 33, 547-550); "Auger-electron emission from ferromagnetic alloys" (Izvestiya AN, ser. fiz., 2006, 70, 889-893).
• Articles in the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia and the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics. Editor of the Russian translation of a number of books on interactions of particles with solids. Has "author's certificate" for 10 inventions.
Prizes
• S.I. Vavilov prize for "Installation for etching of the structure of metals, semiconductors and dielectrics by ion bombardment" (1962).
• Prizes from the Soviet Ministry for Higher Education for best scientific works of the year (1982 and 1986).
• Silver medal from the Soviet Exhibition of National of Achievements (VDNH, now All-Russia Exhibition-Centre) for “Installation of ionic etching UIT-1” (1960). Medals from international exhibitions in Rio de Janeiro
(1961) and London
(1962) for the first industrial equipment for determining the structure of substance through ionic bombardment.
• Awarded, together with Gottfried Wehner, the prize of the U.S. Physical Electronics Industries Inc. "For pioneering work in sputtering", 1981 (to the "Mother of Sputtering" and to the "Father of Sputtering").
• Her biography is included in the biographical dictionary "Famous Russians" (Moscow, Astreya 2000), in "Who’s Who in Science and Engineering, 2001 and 2006" and in "Marquis Who’s Who in the World, 2008".
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n physicist
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
who has made major contributions to the study of the processes of interactions between ion beams and solid surfaces, both their experimental characteristics and their physical mechanisms.
Vera Yurasova studied at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University
Moscow State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University , previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be one of the oldest university in Russia and to have the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy...
from 1946 to 1951. She did her diploma project – "Movement and focusing of particles in a trakhotron" – in the Institute of Automatic Telemechanics of Academy of Science of the USSR, under the supervision of Professor Dmitri Zyornov. After finishing her studies in 1951, she started work at Moscow University, at the department of electron optics
Electron optics
Electron optics deals with the focusing and deflection of electrons using magnetic and/or electrostatic fields.- Electron properties :Electrons are charged particles . The electron also has an associated spin of + 1/2...
, in the Faculty of Physics.
In 1958 she completed her PhD on "Processes under cathodic sputtering
Sputtering
Sputtering is a process whereby atoms are ejected from a solid target material due to bombardment of the target by energetic particles. It is commonly used for thin-film deposition, etching and analytical techniques .-Physics of sputtering:...
of metal mono- and poly-crystals", under supervision of Professor Grigoriy Spivak. In 1975, she became a Doctor of Science
Doctor of Science
Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
for her work on "Emission of atomic particles under ion bombardment of single crystals".
In the early days of her research work, she regularly discussed her scientific results with key scientists, who were at the time working at the Physics Faculty of Moscow University: Aleksey Shubnikov, Sergey Vekshinskiy, Lev Artsimovich
Lev Artsimovich
Lev Andreevich Artsimovich was a Soviet physicist, academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences , member of the Presidium of the Soviet Academy of Sciences , and Hero of Socialist Labor .- Academic research :Artsimovich worked on the...
. Along with Spivak, she counts these as her teachers. Later, she had particularly close scientific links with the theorist Oleg Firsov
Oleg Firsov
Oleg Borisovich Firsov – was a Russian Soviet physicist-theorist known for his work on atomic interaction. He was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1972 for a series of work titled "Elementary processes and non-elastic scattering at nuclear collisions"....
, with whom she also worked in the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
Council for Plasma Physics.
• Vera Yurasova was one of the founders of the scientific school of research on the interactions of atomic particles with solids. She is well known both in Russia and abroad. Key areas of her scientific research have been electronics, radiation physics of solids, diagnostics of surfaces with ion beams, and computer simulation of ion interactions with surfaces.
Teaching at Moscow University
• Developed and taught courses on “Electron-optic equipment”, “Interaction of ions with the surface”. Headed the Soviet (and later Russian) seminar on fundamental and applied problems in the interaction of ions with the surface – a special seminar for PhD students studying sputtering and ion emissions.
• Supervised 30 successful PhD students, eight of whom went on to become Doctors of Science.
Scientific work
• Was the first to observe the anisotropy of single-crystal sputtering at high energies of incident ions (in the range from one to tens of keV) and the anisotropy of ion scattering.
• Discovered a quantum
Quantum
In physics, a quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction. Behind this, one finds the fundamental notion that a physical property may be "quantized," referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude can take on only certain discrete...
effect in sputtering, showing that spin orientation influences the emission of secondary particles from ferromagnetic materials.
• Discovered oscillations in the energy spectrum of secondary excited ions, which point to quantum interference of various states of the ions and the target. This provided a new experimental method of establishing the electronic structure of the surface.
• Through experiments and computer simulation, was the first to research the specifics of binary-compound single crystal sputtering and find different anisotropy of the emission of the different components of the compound or alloy.
• Studied radiation stability of a number of compounds, used as hard coatings and as sources of light of increased brightness.
• Developed the methodology and created the first industrial installation for etching surface structure by ion bombardment.
These and her other scientific results are highly valued in scientific papers and books. See, for example, N.V. Pleshivdtsev “Cathodic Sputtering” (Atomizdat 1963) and R. Behrisch “Sputtering by Particle Bombardment,II" (Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1983).
Scientific Committees
She has played an active role on a number of scientific councils in the Academy of Science and the Ministry of Higher Education, and in the organising and programme committees of many international conferences. She is a member of the International Bohmische Physical Society (since 1992), and the International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Application — IUVSTA (since 1992). She is the member of the editorial board of the international journal “Vacuum
Vacuum
In everyday usage, vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. The word comes from the Latin term for "empty". A perfect vacuum would be one with no particles in it at all, which is impossible to achieve in...
” (Elsevier
Elsevier
Elsevier is a publishing company which publishes medical and scientific literature. It is a part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has operations in the United Kingdom, USA and elsewhere....
) since 1991.
Her hobbies include music
Music
Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch , rhythm , dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture...
, painting
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
and photography
Photography
Photography is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film...
.
Books
• V.E. Yurasova, G.V.Spivak, A.I.Krokhina, "Modern electron microscopy", M: NTO by A.S.Popov, 1965.
• M.D.Gabovich, M.I.Guseva, V.E.Yurasova, "Ion physics and technology". Kiev:I.F. 1990, 61 pp.
• V.E.Yurasova, "Interaction of ions with surfaces". М: PrimaB, 1999, 639pp.
Papers
Author of over 450 scientific works. These include:
• "Novel theory of cathode sputtering and micro-structure of sputtered surface of metal" (J. Techn. Phys. 1958, 28, 1966-1970); "Directed emission of particles from a copper single crystal sputtered by ions up to 50 keV" (JETP, 1959, 37, 966-971); "Anisotropy of the reflection of argon ions from a copper single crystal" (JETP, 1964, 47, 473-475); "Directional emission of charged particles from a single crystal under ion bombardment" (Phys. Stat. Sol., 1966, 17, k187-k190); "Change in sputtering of single-crystal nickel on going through the Curie point" (Letter to JETP, 1975, 21, 197-199); "Formation of cones during sputtering" (Rad. Eff., 1976, 27, 237-244); "Emission of secondary particles during ion bombardment of metals in the phase-transition region", Part 1: Sputtering (Vacuum, 1983, 33, 565-578), Part 2: Charged-particle and photon emission (Vacuum, 1986, 36, 435-458); "Quasi-resonance processes in the emission of excited secondary silicon ions" (NIMB,1988, 33, 547-550); "Auger-electron emission from ferromagnetic alloys" (Izvestiya AN, ser. fiz., 2006, 70, 889-893).
• Articles in the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia and the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics. Editor of the Russian translation of a number of books on interactions of particles with solids. Has "author's certificate" for 10 inventions.
Prizes
• S.I. Vavilov prize for "Installation for etching of the structure of metals, semiconductors and dielectrics by ion bombardment" (1962).
• Prizes from the Soviet Ministry for Higher Education for best scientific works of the year (1982 and 1986).
• Silver medal from the Soviet Exhibition of National of Achievements (VDNH, now All-Russia Exhibition-Centre) for “Installation of ionic etching UIT-1” (1960). Medals from international exhibitions in Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
(1961) and London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
(1962) for the first industrial equipment for determining the structure of substance through ionic bombardment.
• Awarded, together with Gottfried Wehner, the prize of the U.S. Physical Electronics Industries Inc. "For pioneering work in sputtering", 1981 (to the "Mother of Sputtering" and to the "Father of Sputtering").
• Her biography is included in the biographical dictionary "Famous Russians" (Moscow, Astreya 2000), in "Who’s Who in Science and Engineering, 2001 and 2006" and in "Marquis Who’s Who in the World, 2008".