Volhynian Governorate
Encyclopedia
Volhynian Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit initially of the Russian Empire
, created in 1792 after the Second Partition of Poland
from the territory of the Kiev Voivodeship and Wołyń Voivodeship. After the Peace of Riga
, part of the governorate became the new Wołyń Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic
, while the other part stayed as a part of the Ukrainian SSR
until 1925.
it was called the Izyaslav namesnichestvo that was created mostly out of the Kiev Voivodeship and the eastern part of the Wolyn Voivodeship. In 1796 the administration temporarily relocated to Novograd-Volynsky
, but because no buildings were found suited for administrative purposes the seat (capital) was moved again to Zhytomyr
for a time being. In 1802 the city of Zhytomyr was finally bought out of the properties of Prince (knyaz) Ilyinsky and in 1804 it became officially the seat of the Volyn Governorate. From 1832 to 1915 together with Kiev Governorate
and Podolie Governorate was part of the Southwestern Krai
General-Governorate, a type of militarized administrative-territorial unit. In 1880s the general-governorate was extended and included also other governorates.
In 1897 the population of the gubernia was 2,989,482 and in 1905 - 3,920,400. Majority of the population of the governorate spoke in old Ukrainian language
with slight variety of dialects.
After the Polish-Soviet war
in 1920 and according to the Peace of Riga
the territory became part of the Second Polish Republic and transformed into Wołyń Voivodeship with the capital in Łuck (Lutsk).
Volyn Executive Committee
GPU
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Ukrainian
|2 095 537
|70.10
|1049032
|1046505
|-----
|Yiddish
|394 774
|13.21
|191608
|203166
|-----
|Polish
|184 161
|6.16
|90701
|93460
|-----
|German
|171 331
|5.73
|84949
|86382
|-----
|Russian
|104 889
|3.51
|63862
|41027
|-----
|Czech
|27 670
|0.93
|13855
|13815
|-----
|Tatar
|3 817
|0.13
|3703
|114
|-----
|Belorussian
|3 794
|0.13
|2143
|1651
|-----
|Other
|3 412
|0.11
|2 889
|523
|-----
|Persons,
that did not identified
their native language
|97
|>0.01
|61
|36
|+
|}
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Religion
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Eastern Orthodox
|2 106 521
|70.46
|
|
|-----
|Judaism
|395 782
|13.24
|
|
|-----
|Roman Catholics
|298 110
|9.97
|
|
|-----
|Lutherans
|163 990
|5.49
|
|
|-----
|Baptists
|10 375
|0.35
|
|
|-----
|Other (Old Believers
, Magometians)
|14 704
|0.49
|
|
|+
|}
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, created in 1792 after the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792...
from the territory of the Kiev Voivodeship and Wołyń Voivodeship. After the Peace of Riga
Peace of Riga
The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga; was signed in Riga on 18 March 1921, between Poland, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine. The treaty ended the Polish-Soviet War....
, part of the governorate became the new Wołyń Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
, while the other part stayed as a part of the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
until 1925.
History
Volhynian Governorate was created on December 12, 1796 after all three partitions of Poland have occurred and included the rest of the Wolyn Voivodeship and Kowel Voivodeship. Until 1796 the gubernia was administrated as a namestnichestvo (Vice-royalty). Initially centered in IziaslavIziaslav, Ukraine
Iziaslav or Zaslav is one of the oldest cities in Volhynia. Situated on the Horyn river in western Ukraine, the city dates back to the 11th century.- Monuments :* Starozaslavsky Castle* Novozaslavsky Castle* St. John Cathedral* Great Synagogue...
it was called the Izyaslav namesnichestvo that was created mostly out of the Kiev Voivodeship and the eastern part of the Wolyn Voivodeship. In 1796 the administration temporarily relocated to Novograd-Volynsky
Novohrad-Volynskyi
Novohrad-Volynskyi is a city in the Zhytomyr Oblast of northern Ukraine...
, but because no buildings were found suited for administrative purposes the seat (capital) was moved again to Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr is a city in the North of the western half of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zhytomyr Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Zhytomyr Raion...
for a time being. In 1802 the city of Zhytomyr was finally bought out of the properties of Prince (knyaz) Ilyinsky and in 1804 it became officially the seat of the Volyn Governorate. From 1832 to 1915 together with Kiev Governorate
Kiev Governorate
Kiev Governorate , or Government of Kiev, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire.The governorate was established in 1708 along with seven other governorates and was transformed into a viceroyalty in 1781...
and Podolie Governorate was part of the Southwestern Krai
Southwestern Krai
Southwestern Krai , also known as Kiev General Governorate or Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia General Governorate was a subdivision of the Russian Empire that included much of the territory of modern-day Ukraine covering both banks of the Dnieper River.The Governorate General consisted of several...
General-Governorate, a type of militarized administrative-territorial unit. In 1880s the general-governorate was extended and included also other governorates.
In 1897 the population of the gubernia was 2,989,482 and in 1905 - 3,920,400. Majority of the population of the governorate spoke in old Ukrainian language
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....
with slight variety of dialects.
After the Polish-Soviet war
Polish-Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War was an armed conflict between Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine and the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic—four states in post–World War I Europe...
in 1920 and according to the Peace of Riga
Peace of Riga
The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga; was signed in Riga on 18 March 1921, between Poland, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine. The treaty ended the Polish-Soviet War....
the territory became part of the Second Polish Republic and transformed into Wołyń Voivodeship with the capital in Łuck (Lutsk).
Heads of Guberniya
Revkom- 1919 Mikhail Kruchinskiy (concurrently the head of Volyn Cheka)
Volyn Executive Committee
- 1920 Oleksandr Shumsky
- 1920 Vasiliy Averin
- - 1921 Danylevych
- 1921-1922 Ivan Nikolayenko
Head of Security Services
Cheka- 1919 Vasyl Viliavko
- 1919 M.Shuf
- 1919 Mikhail Kruchinskiy
- November 1919 - December 1919 Vsevolod Balytsky
- December 1919 Vasyl Levotsky (acting)
- - November 2, 1921 Semen Kesselman (Zapadny)
- January 1922 - June 2, 1922 Janis Biksons
GPU
- -1923 Pavel Ivonin
- March 1923 - October 1923 Foma Leoniuk
- July 1, 1923 - September 1, 1924 Symon Dukelsky
- 1924 - 1925 Aleksandr Safes (Grozny)
Principal cities
Russian Census of 1897- Zhytomir - 65 895 (Jewish - 30 572, Russian - 16 944, Ukrainian - 9 152)
- Rovno - 24 573 (Jewish - 13 704, Russian - 4 278, Ukrainian - 4 071)
- KremenetsKremenetsKremenets is a city in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kremenets Raion , and rests 18 km north-east of the great Pochayiv Monastery...
- 17 704 (Ukrainian - 8 322, Jewish - 6 476, Russian - 1 863) - KovelKovelKovel is a city located in the Volyn Oblast , in northwestern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Kovelskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast. The current estimated population is around 65,777.Kovel gives its name to one of the...
- 17 697 (Jewish - 8 502, Russian - 4 828, Ukrainian - 2 093) - Novograd-Volynsky - 16 904 (Jewish - 9 363, Russian - 2 939, Ukrainian - 2 662)
- Starokonstantinov - 16 377 (Jewish - 9 164, Ukrainian - 4 886, Russian - 1 402)
- LutskLutskLutsk is a city located by the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of the surrounding Lutskyi Raion within the oblast...
- 15 804 (Jewish - 9 396, Russian - 2 830, Ukrainian - 1 478) - OstrogOstrogOstrog may refer to:* Ostrog, Slovenia, a settlement in Šentjernej municipality in Slovenia* Ostrog monastery, a Serbian Orthodox Christian monastery in Montenegro* Ostroh, a historic town in Ukraine* Ostrog, a Russian term for a small fortress...
- 14 749 (Jewish - 9 185, Ukrainian - 2 446, Russian - 2 199) - DubnoDubnoDubno is a city located on the Ikva River in the Rivne Oblast of western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of Dubno Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast...
- 14 257 (Jewish - 7 096, Russian - 2 962, Ukrainian - 2 474) - ZaslavlIziaslavIziaslav can refer to:* Iziaslav of Kiev * Iziaslav, Ukraine, city...
- 12 611 (Jewish - 5 991, Ukrainian - 3 990, Russian - 1 722)
Administrative division
| No. | Uyezd Uyezd Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division... |
Area, sq.versta |
Population (1897) |
No. of volost Volost Volost was a traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe.In earlier East Slavic history, volost was a name for the territory ruled by the knyaz, a principality; either as an absolute ruler or with varying degree of autonomy from the Velikiy Knyaz... s |
Date of creation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vladimir-Volynsky | 5 695,8 | 198 688 | 23 | 1795 |
| 2 | Dubno | 3 483,0 | 158 734 | 13 | ? |
| 3 | Zhytomir | 6 740,0 | 281 387 | ? | 1804 |
| 4 | Zaslavl | 3 055,0 | 93 381 | ? | ? |
| 5 | Kovel | 6 728,0 | 121 326 | 18 | 1795 |
| 6 | Kremenets | 3 041,0 | 196 751 | 16 | ? |
| 7 | Lutsk | 6 626,0 | 203 761 | 16 | ? |
| 8 | Novograd-Volynsky | 6 331,0 | 273 123 | 20 | 1804 |
| 9 | Ovruch | 9 329,0 | 194 976 | 16 | ? |
| 10 | Ostrog | 2 694,0 | 166 882 | 14 | 1795 |
| 11 | Rovno | 7 529,0 | 275 119 | ? | 1795 |
| 12 | Starokonstantinov | 2 249,8 | 211 768 | ? | 1796 |
Language
- By the Imperial census of 1897. In bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Ukrainian
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....
|2 095 537
|70.10
|1049032
|1046505
|-----
|Yiddish
Yiddish language
Yiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages...
|394 774
|13.21
|191608
|203166
|-----
|Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
|184 161
|6.16
|90701
|93460
|-----
|German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
|171 331
|5.73
|84949
|86382
|-----
|Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
|104 889
|3.51
|63862
|41027
|-----
|Czech
Czech language
Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...
|27 670
|0.93
|13855
|13815
|-----
|Tatar
Tatar language
The Tatar language , or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkiria...
|3 817
|0.13
|3703
|114
|-----
|Belorussian
|3 794
|0.13
|2143
|1651
|-----
|Other
|3 412
|0.11
|2 889
|523
|-----
|Persons,
that did not identified
their native language
|97
|>0.01
|61
|36
|+
|}
Religion
- By the Imperial census of 1897. In bold are religions with more members than the Eastern Orthodox.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Religion
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Eastern Orthodox
|2 106 521
|70.46
|
|
|-----
|Judaism
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
|395 782
|13.24
|
|
|-----
|Roman Catholics
|298 110
|9.97
|
|
|-----
|Lutherans
|163 990
|5.49
|
|
|-----
|Baptists
|10 375
|0.35
|
|
|-----
|Other (Old Believers
Old Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
, Magometians)
|14 704
|0.49
|
|
|+
|}