Volvo S40
Encyclopedia
The Volvo S40 is a small family car produced by Volvo
. It introduced the first generation S40 (Saloon) and V40 (Versatility/estate) cars in 1995. The second generation arrived in 2004, and the wagon's name changed to V50.
), manufactured at the NedCar
factory in Holland
(a pre-Ford joint venture between Volvo and Mitsubishi Motors
) and based on a common platform with the Mitsubishi Carisma
. The V40, with Drag coefficient
of 0.32, was the first whole model to be introduced under the direction of the
British designer Peter Horbury
, Volvo’s Design Director,
and was marketed in Australia, North and South America, and the Far East. The V40 was named the ‘Most Beautiful Estate Car in the World’ at an Italian award ceremony.
In 2000 Volvo updated the 40 Series ("Phase II"), implementing a number of technical improvements, e.g., improved engine management, direct (diesel) fuel injection, extra safety features, larger brake discs, new front suspension and steering, revised rear suspension, larger tires and a widening of the track width. A minor facelift gave larger headlights, more streamlining and larger rear light clusters as well as minor instruments and fascia re-design.
The 40 Series cars were equipped with four-cylinder
engines, such as a 1.9 turbo diesel or 1.6 (1588 cc), 1.8 (1731 cc, later increased to 1783cc), 2.0T (1948 cc), 1.9 T4 (1855 cc, later increased to 1948cc) or 2.0 (1948 cc) fuel-injected gasoline engines all of which are derivatives of the modular whiteblock engine series that started life in the Volvo 960 and carried in both 5 and 6 cyl formats in Volvo's bigger FWD cars. There was also a 1.8 L (1834 cc) Gasoline direct injection
engine provided by Mitsubishi as part of the platform sharing between the 40 series and the Carisma.
The Volvo S40/V40 series was a completely new car from the ground up, with no engines, with the exception of the 1.9 Turbo Diesel engine carried over from the old 400 series.
The low (2.0T) and high (1.9 T4) pressure turbo variants at the top of the motor range. The 2.0T was rounded down and badged as 1.9T and was the only engine available in North America. The 5 speed manual transmission, widely available in Europe was not certified in North American S40s, with the 5 Speed automatic as the only option. No electric CVT transmission was planned unlike the 440 HTA / High Tech Auto CVT that had been released before the 400 series was completely phased out.
In the UK
trim levels were XS, SE and CD.
A racing version (S40) was introduced in the British Touring Cars in 1997 and in 1998 the car, with Richard Rydell, took the championship.
Due to the common platform, many components of the suspension and drive train are compatible with Carisma as well as the Mitsubishi Evolution III. and Proton Impian.
The Volvo S40 was the first car to earn four stars in Euro-NCAP.
built at the Volvo Cars factory in Ghent
, Belgium
. At the same time, the V40 was replaced by the V50 estate, also based on the P1 platform and built in Ghent. The S40 was nominated for the World Car of the Year
award for 2005 and won the Canadian Car of the Year
Best New Sport Compact award for 2005. It has also been elected the South African Car of the Year
for 2005 by the South African Guild of Motoring Journalists.
The chassis for this car and the majority of its components were developed by Volvo, however similar mechanical components can be found in the Mazda3 and the European Ford Focus. The engine, a 2.5L 5 cylinder (B5254T3, and B5254S respectively for the turbo and naturally aspirated models) is the latest generation of Volvo's 5 cylinder engines. These inline fives have been continually developed by Volvo since the debut of the engine in the 850, in 1993. The top of the line S40 T5 AWD
, as well as the 2.4 and 2.4i, powertrain is still made by Volvo. The transmission is developed with Getrag
at Volvo's Koping Transmission Center in Sweden, and the AWD system bought from Haldex Traction of Sweden.
The S40 T5 (one of the several variants of the S40) features a 2.5 L (2521 cc) five-cylinder
fuel-injected
engine with a light-pressure turbocharger
. The valvetrain has four valves per cylinder
and is a DOHC design. The engine is transversely
mounted at the front of the vehicle and drives the front wheels, as was with the first generation.
A new range of engines and transmissions has been introduced at the end of May 2010 (see "Engine specifications" below). In North America, however, the naturally aspirated 5-cylinder engine, all-wheel drive, and manual transmission were all dropped for the 2011 model year, leaving only the automatic, front-wheel drive T5 in base and R-Design trims.
.
The S40 was refreshed for 2008. Improvements include improved audio systems, increased storage space and new safety features like Emergency Brake Lights which flash rapidly during hard braking to alert traffic behind the car. The new S40 also comes with optional Active Bi-Xenon headlights which point the light beam in the direction of the road as it curves (standard in SE Lux models). There is also a camera which can be located on the side mirrors which alerts the driver of passing vehicles beside the car. The camera is optional on all models. This is given the name BLIS (Blind Spot Information System).
Volvo released the 2.0 litre diesel Geartronic
on the third week of February 2008 except in Ireland where it was released in the last week of May (due to delivery intervals).
The T5 engine received a performance increase of 9 hp, giving an output of 227 hp. The D5 engine became available with a manual
gearbox offering 400 N·m (295 ft·lbf) of torque and an automatic transmission
offering 350 N·m (258.1 ft·lbf) in the second half of 2007.
The 2009 model saw rear-end trunk lid changes, changing the badge from "VOLVO" to "V O L V O" with spaces between the letters and larger characters, as in the newer Volvo models.
The range now includes three petrol engine
s (1.6, 2.0 and T5, the latter only available with front-wheel drive
and automatic transmission
), four Diesel engine
s (the existing DRIVe and the new D2, D3 and D4) and the 2.0F Flexible-fuel engine that can run either on normal petrol or E85
, an ethanol
-petrol mixture. The updated 2.0 and T5 and the new D2, D3 and D4 are compliant with the Euro 5 emission standard
(the rest are Euro 4-compliant), and the DRIVe includes a start-stop system
for reduced fuel consumption and emissions. New 6-speed gearboxes are used in the D2 (manual: B6 D2), D3 and D4 (manual: M66D, automatic: Aisin AWF21
).
(*) Available from September 2010
Volvo
AB Volvo is a Swedish builder of commercial vehicles, including trucks, buses and construction equipment. Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems, aerospace components and financial services...
. It introduced the first generation S40 (Saloon) and V40 (Versatility/estate) cars in 1995. The second generation arrived in 2004, and the wagon's name changed to V50.
First generation (1995–2004)
In the summer of 1995 Volvo released the S4/F4 series but had to change the model's name as it conflicted with Audi who had already reserved the "S4" name. The quickly renamed S40 saloon (sedan) and V40 (Ferrari objected to F40) estate (station wagonStation wagon
A station wagon is a body style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door , instead of a trunk lid...
), manufactured at the NedCar
NedCar
NedCar, officially Netherlands Car B.V. and a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Motors, is the only large-scale automaker in the Netherlands. Based in Born on a 927,000 m2 site, it has a capacity of approximately 200,000 vehicles, and produced its millionth vehicle, a Mitsubishi Space Star, on October...
factory in Holland
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
(a pre-Ford joint venture between Volvo and Mitsubishi Motors
Mitsubishi Motors
is a multinational automaker headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. In 2009 it was the fifth-largest Japan-based automaker and the 17th-largest in the world measured by production...
) and based on a common platform with the Mitsubishi Carisma
Mitsubishi Carisma
The Mitsubishi Carisma is a large family car produced for the European market by Mitsubishi Motors from 1995 to 2004. The model name was derived from a combination of the English car and the Greek kharisma, meaning "divine gift"...
. The V40, with Drag coefficient
Drag coefficient
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation, where a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or...
of 0.32, was the first whole model to be introduced under the direction of the
British designer Peter Horbury
Peter Horbury
Peter D. Horbury is a British car designer who is currently Vice President, Design of Volvo. He is probably best known for his design work for Volvo, but has worked in a variety of roles in the automotive industry, including as Executive Design Director, Americas for Ford between 2004 and 2009...
, Volvo’s Design Director,
and was marketed in Australia, North and South America, and the Far East. The V40 was named the ‘Most Beautiful Estate Car in the World’ at an Italian award ceremony.
In 2000 Volvo updated the 40 Series ("Phase II"), implementing a number of technical improvements, e.g., improved engine management, direct (diesel) fuel injection, extra safety features, larger brake discs, new front suspension and steering, revised rear suspension, larger tires and a widening of the track width. A minor facelift gave larger headlights, more streamlining and larger rear light clusters as well as minor instruments and fascia re-design.
The 40 Series cars were equipped with four-cylinder
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
engines, such as a 1.9 turbo diesel or 1.6 (1588 cc), 1.8 (1731 cc, later increased to 1783cc), 2.0T (1948 cc), 1.9 T4 (1855 cc, later increased to 1948cc) or 2.0 (1948 cc) fuel-injected gasoline engines all of which are derivatives of the modular whiteblock engine series that started life in the Volvo 960 and carried in both 5 and 6 cyl formats in Volvo's bigger FWD cars. There was also a 1.8 L (1834 cc) Gasoline direct injection
Gasoline direct injection
In internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection , also known as petrol direct injection or direct petrol injection, is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines...
engine provided by Mitsubishi as part of the platform sharing between the 40 series and the Carisma.
The Volvo S40/V40 series was a completely new car from the ground up, with no engines, with the exception of the 1.9 Turbo Diesel engine carried over from the old 400 series.
The low (2.0T) and high (1.9 T4) pressure turbo variants at the top of the motor range. The 2.0T was rounded down and badged as 1.9T and was the only engine available in North America. The 5 speed manual transmission, widely available in Europe was not certified in North American S40s, with the 5 Speed automatic as the only option. No electric CVT transmission was planned unlike the 440 HTA / High Tech Auto CVT that had been released before the 400 series was completely phased out.
In the UK
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
trim levels were XS, SE and CD.
A racing version (S40) was introduced in the British Touring Cars in 1997 and in 1998 the car, with Richard Rydell, took the championship.
Due to the common platform, many components of the suspension and drive train are compatible with Carisma as well as the Mitsubishi Evolution III. and Proton Impian.
The Volvo S40 was the first car to earn four stars in Euro-NCAP.
Engine specifications
| Specification | S40 1.6 | S40 1.8 | S40 2.0 | S40 T4 | S40 2.0 turbo | S40 1.8i | S40 1.9D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine | B4164 S (16V) | B4184 S (16V) | B4204 S (16V) | B4194 T (16V) | B4204 T (16V) | B4184 SM (16V) | D4192 T |
| Power (kW/PS)@rpm | (77/105)@5500 | (85/115)@5500 | (103/140)@6000 | (147/200)@5500 | (118/160)@5100 | (92/125)@5500 | (66/90)@4250 |
| Torque @rpm | 143 newton metre @4200 | 165 newton metre @4100 | 183 newton metre @4500 | 300 newton metre @2400-3600 | 230 newton metre @1800-4800 | 174 newton metre @3750 | 176 newton metre @2250 |
Sales
| Calendar year | United States | Canada |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 29,862 | 1,682 |
| 2001 | 22,451 | 1,735 |
| 2002 | 15,383 | 1,454 |
| 2003 | 13,058 | 1,195 |
| 2004 | 4,726 | 279 |
Second generation (2004–2011)
Introduced in the middle of the 2004 model year, the second generation S40 (known as the 2004.5 Volvo S40) introduced a new design based on the Volvo P1 platformFord C1 platform
The Ford C1 platform is Ford's global compact car automobile platform. It replaces Ford C170 platform and Mazda's BJ platform. The C1 platform debuted with the European Ford Focus C-Max compact MPV in early 2004...
built at the Volvo Cars factory in Ghent
Ghent
Ghent is a city and a municipality located in the Flemish region of Belgium. It is the capital and biggest city of the East Flanders province. The city started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Lys and in the Middle Ages became one of the largest and richest cities of...
, Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
. At the same time, the V40 was replaced by the V50 estate, also based on the P1 platform and built in Ghent. The S40 was nominated for the World Car of the Year
World Car of the Year
The World Car of the Year is an automobile award selected by a jury of 48 international automotive journalists from 22 countries. Cars considered must be sold in at least five countries on at least two continents prior to January 1 of the year of the award...
award for 2005 and won the Canadian Car of the Year
Canadian Car of the Year
Canadian Car of the Year winners, as chosen by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada:-Canadian Car of the Year:-2011:Canadian Car of the Year winners, as chosen by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada:...
Best New Sport Compact award for 2005. It has also been elected the South African Car of the Year
Car of the Year
Car of the Year is a phrase usually considered to have been invented by Motor Trend magazine in the 1950s for their annual award for best American automobile...
for 2005 by the South African Guild of Motoring Journalists.
The chassis for this car and the majority of its components were developed by Volvo, however similar mechanical components can be found in the Mazda3 and the European Ford Focus. The engine, a 2.5L 5 cylinder (B5254T3, and B5254S respectively for the turbo and naturally aspirated models) is the latest generation of Volvo's 5 cylinder engines. These inline fives have been continually developed by Volvo since the debut of the engine in the 850, in 1993. The top of the line S40 T5 AWD
Four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4×4 is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously...
, as well as the 2.4 and 2.4i, powertrain is still made by Volvo. The transmission is developed with Getrag
Getrag
Getrag is a leading manufacturer of automobile manual transmissions. The company was founded on 1 May 1935, in Ludwigsburg, Germany, by Hermann Hagenmeyer; as the Getriebe und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer GmbH & Cie KG...
at Volvo's Koping Transmission Center in Sweden, and the AWD system bought from Haldex Traction of Sweden.
The S40 T5 (one of the several variants of the S40) features a 2.5 L (2521 cc) five-cylinder
Straight-5
The straight-five engine or inline-five engine is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row or plane, sharing a single engine block and crankcase...
fuel-injected
Fuel injection
Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
engine with a light-pressure turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
. The valvetrain has four valves per cylinder
Multi-valve
In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and can operate at higher revolutions per minute than a two-valve engine, delivering more power.- Multi-valve rationale :A multi-valve design...
and is a DOHC design. The engine is transversely
Transverse engine
A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the long axis of the vehicle. Many modern front wheel drive vehicles use this engine mounting configuration...
mounted at the front of the vehicle and drives the front wheels, as was with the first generation.
A new range of engines and transmissions has been introduced at the end of May 2010 (see "Engine specifications" below). In North America, however, the naturally aspirated 5-cylinder engine, all-wheel drive, and manual transmission were all dropped for the 2011 model year, leaving only the automatic, front-wheel drive T5 in base and R-Design trims.
Marketing
In early 2004, Volvo started an ad campaign called The Mystery of Dalarö in which 32 residents of the same Swedish town bought the same car on the same day from the same dealer. The advert was produced in a documentary style by director Spike JonzeSpike Jonze
Spike Jonze is an American director, producer and actor, whose work includes music videos, commercials, film and television...
.
2008 facelift
Volvo released the 2.0 litre diesel Geartronic
Geartronic
Geartronic is Volvo Cars' name for its manumatic transmission, similar to Porsche's Tiptronic. It is available in 5 and 6 speed models, and is controlled by a microprocessor. The microprocessor automatically shifts to the next gear if a forgetful user in manual mode red lines the engine. Manual...
on the third week of February 2008 except in Ireland where it was released in the last week of May (due to delivery intervals).
The T5 engine received a performance increase of 9 hp, giving an output of 227 hp. The D5 engine became available with a manual
Manual transmission
A manual transmission, also known as a manual gearbox or standard transmission is a type of transmission used in motor vehicle applications...
gearbox offering 400 N·m (295 ft·lbf) of torque and an automatic transmission
Automatic transmission
An automatic transmission is one type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually...
offering 350 N·m (258.1 ft·lbf) in the second half of 2007.
The 2009 model saw rear-end trunk lid changes, changing the badge from "VOLVO" to "V O L V O" with spaces between the letters and larger characters, as in the newer Volvo models.
Engine specifications (2011 model)
From the end of May 2010, a new range of engines is available for the so-called "2011 model".The range now includes three petrol engine
Petrol engine
A petrol engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
s (1.6, 2.0 and T5, the latter only available with front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive is a form of engine/transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel drive and...
and automatic transmission
Automatic transmission
An automatic transmission is one type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually...
), four Diesel engine
Diesel engine
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
s (the existing DRIVe and the new D2, D3 and D4) and the 2.0F Flexible-fuel engine that can run either on normal petrol or E85
E85
E85 is an abbreviation for an ethanol fuel blend of up to 85% denatured ethanol fuel and gasoline or other hydrocarbon by volume. E85 is commonly used by flex-fuel vehicles in the US, Canada, and Europe. Some of the benefits of E85 over conventional gasoline powered vehicles include the potential...
, an ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...
-petrol mixture. The updated 2.0 and T5 and the new D2, D3 and D4 are compliant with the Euro 5 emission standard
Emission standard
Emission standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment. Many emissions standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles and other powered vehicles but they can also regulate emissions from industry, power...
(the rest are Euro 4-compliant), and the DRIVe includes a start-stop system
Start-stop system
In automobiles, a start-stop system or stop-start system automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine to reduce the amount of time the engine spends idling, thereby improving fuel economy and reducing emissions...
for reduced fuel consumption and emissions. New 6-speed gearboxes are used in the D2 (manual: B6 D2), D3 and D4 (manual: M66D, automatic: Aisin AWF21
AWTF-80 SC
The Aisin AWTF-80 SC is a 6 speed automatic transmission designed for use in transverse engine applications. It is designed to handle a maximum of of torque. It is built in Anjo, Japan. It is also called the TF80-SC, AWF21, AF40-6, AM6 and AW6A-EL.The design team set out to create a 6 speed...
).
| Specification | S40 1.6 | S40 2.0 | S40 T5 | S40 DRIVe | S40 D2 | S40 D3 (*) | S40 D4 | S40 2.0F FLEXIFUEL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine | Type | 4-cyl. | 4-cyl. | 5-cyl. Turbo | 4-cyl. Turbo | 4-cyl. Turbo | 5-cyl. Turbo | 5-cyl. Turbo | 4-cyl. |
| Fuel | Petrol | Petrol | Petrol | Diesel | Diesel | Diesel | Diesel | Petrol/E85 | |
| Valves | 16 | 16 | 20 | 16 | 8 | 20 | 20 | 16 | |
| cc | 1596 | 1999 | 2521 | 1560 | 1560 | 1984 | 1984 | 1999 | |
| Power | kW | 74 | 107 | 169 | 80 | 84 | 110 | 130 | 107 |
| PS | 100 | 145 | 230 | 109 | 115 | 150 | 177 | 145 | |
| @rpm | 6000 | 6000 | 5000 | 4000 | 3600 | 3500 | 3500 | 6000 | |
| Torque | Nm | 150 | 185 | 320 | 240 | 270 | 350 | 400 | 185 |
| @rpm | 4000 | 4500 | 1500-5000 | 1750 | 1750 | 1500-2750 | 1750-2750 | 4500 | |
| Transmission | manual | 5-speed | 5-speed | — | 5-speed | 6-speed | 6-speed | 6-speed | 5-speed |
| auto | — | — | 5-speed | — | — | 6-speed | 6-speed | — | |
| Top speed | manual | 185 km/h | 210 km/h | — | 190 km/h | 195 km/h | N/A (*) | 220 km/h | 210 km/h |
| auto | — | — | 235 km/h | — | — | N/A (*) | 215 km/h | — | |
| 0–100 km/h | manual | 11.9 s | 9.5 s | — | 11.4 s | 11.4 s | 9.5 s | 8.7 s | 9.5 s |
| auto | — | — | 7.2 s | — | — | 9.6 s | 8.8 s | — | |
| Fuel consumption l/100 km (urban/extra-urban/combined) |
manual | 9.2/5.8/7.1 | 10.8/5.7/7.6 | — | 4.9/3.4/3.9 | 5.2/3.8/4.3 | 7.0/4.0/5.0 | 7.0/4.0/5.0 | 10.9/5.8/7.7 |
| auto | — | — | 13.5/6.5/9.0 | — | — | 7.6/4.5/5.6 | 7.6/4.5/5.6 | — | |
| CO2 emissions | manual | 169 g/km | 176 g/km | — | 104 g/km | 114 g/km | 134 g/km | 134 g/km | 183 g/km |
| auto | — | — | 211 g/km | — | — | 149 g/km | 149 g/km | — | |
(*) Available from September 2010
Sales
| Calendar year | United States | Canada | Sweden | Global |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 19,522 | 1,269 | ||
| 2005 | 24,411 | 2,030 | ||
| 2006 | 24,729 | 1,431 | 3,705 | 72,329 |
| 2007 | 18,215 | 1,099 | 3,271 | 63,062 |
| 2008 | 9,686 | 683 | 2,036 | 48,950 |
| 2009 | 7,956 | 758 | 1,396 | 36,954 |
| 2010 | 5,623 | 818 | 1,182 | 31,688 |