White nationalism
Encyclopedia
White nationalism is a political ideology which advocates a racial
definition of national identity
for white people
. White separatism
and white supremacism
are subgroups within white nationalism. The former seek a separate white nation state, while the latter add ideas from social Darwinism
and National Socialism
to their ideology. Most white nationalists are separatists, and only a smaller number are supremacists. Both schools of thought generally avoid the term supremacy, saying it has negative connotations.
The contemporary white nationalist movement in the United States could be regarded as a reaction to what is perceived as a decline in white demographics, politics and culture. According to Samuel P. Huntington
, the contemporary white nationalist movement is increasingly cultured, intellectual and academically trained. Some have suggested that rather than espousing violence, white nationalists tend to use statistics and social science data to argue for a self-conscious white identity. By challenging established policies on immigration, civil rights and racial integration, white nationalists seek to build bridges with moderately conservative white citizens.
", and that the downfall of white dominance spells doom for representative government, the rule of law and freedom of speech. According to white nationalist Samuel T. Francis, it is "a movement that rejects equality as an ideal and insists on an enduring core of human nature transmitted by heredity." Jared Taylor
, another notable white nationalist, claims that similar racial views were held by many mainstream American leaders before the 1950s.
According to Samuel P. Huntington
, white nationalists argue that the demographic shift in the United States towards non-whites brings a new culture that is intellectually and morally inferior. They argue that with this demographic shift comes affirmative action
, immigrant ghettos and declining educational standards. Most American white nationalists say immigration should be restricted to people of European ancestry.
White nationalists embrace a variety of religious beliefs, including various Christian denominations, Germanic Neopaganism
(e.g. Wotanism
) and atheism
.
in a restricted way. In the United States, it often implies European ancestry
of non-Jewish descent. White nationalists draw primarily on 19th-century racial taxonomy, which neither reached a consensus on racial categories nor is accepted by contemporary geneticists
.
Different racial theories, such as Nordicism and Germanism
, define different groups as white, both excluding some southern and eastern Europeans because of a perceived racial taint. Pan-Aryanism defines whites as individuals native to Europe, the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Middle East
and Central/West Asia who are wholly of Caucasoid
descent or are overwhelmingly from the following Caucasoid subraces, or any combination thereof: Indo-European ("Aryan
")(including the Iranian peoples
but not the Indo-Aryans), Old European (e.g. Basque
), Ural Altaic Caucasoid (e.g.Turks
, Finns), or Hamitic
(in modern times basically confined to Berbers). Other white nationalists use the term Pan-Europeanism to include all European ethnic group
s.
Some white nationalists, such as Jared Taylor
, have argued that Jews can be considered "white". Though most of the white nationalists oppose Israel
and Zionism
, several white nationalists (such as William Daniel Johnson
) expressed support for Israel.
collective identity of white people
.
In the 19th and early 20th century, racial definitions of the American nation were common, resulting in race-specific immigration restrictions, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act
. The 1915 film Birth of a Nation is an example of an allegorical invocation of white nationalism during this time.
A connection to the proto-Nazi Thule Society
can be seen in its requirements for membership - the Thule-Society developed out of the "Germanic Order" in 1918, and those who wanted to join the Order in 1917 had to sign a special "blood declaration of faith" concerning the lineage: "The signer hereby swears to the best of his knowledge and belief that no Jewish or coloured blood flows in either his or in his wife's veins, and that among their ancestors are no members of the coloured races." And the Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg
said on the 29th of May 1938 on the Steckelburg in Schlüchtern
: "It is however certain that all of us share the fate of Europe, and that we shall regard this common fate as an obligation, because in the end the very existence of White people depends on the unity of the European continent."
The White Australia ideal was semi-official policy in Australia until 1975. In South Africa, white nationalism was championed by the National Party
starting in 1948, as opposition to apartheid heated up.
Starting in the 1960s, white nationalism grew in the United States as the conservative movement developed in mainstream society. Samuel P. Huntington
argues that it developed as a reaction to a perceived decline in the essence of American identity as European, Anglo-Protestant and English-speaking. The slogan "white power" was coined by American Nazi Party
leader George Lincoln Rockwell
, who used the term in a debate with Stokely Carmichael
of the Black Panther Party
, after Carmichael issued a call for "black power
".
In recent years, the Internet has provided an expansion of audiences for white nationalism.
organizations generally have argued that ideas such as white pride
and white nationalism exist merely to provide a sanitized public face for white supremacy
. Kofi Buenor Hadjor argues that black nationalism
is a response to racial discrimination, while white nationalism is the expression of white supremacy. Other critics have described white nationalism as a "...somewhat paranoid ideology" based upon the publication of pseudo-academic studies.
Carol M. Swain argues that the unstated goal of white nationalism is to appeal to a larger audience, and that most white nationalist groups promote white separatism
and racial violence. Opponents accuse white nationalists of hatred, racial bigotry and destructive identity politics
. White supremacist groups have a history of perpetrating hate crime
s, particularly against people of Jewish or African descent. Examples include the lynching
of black people by the Ku Klux Klan
(KKK).
Some critics argue that white nationalists — while posturing as civil rights
groups advocating the interests of their racial group — frequently draw on the nativist
traditions of the KKK and the British National Front. Critics have noted the anti-semitic rhetoric used by white nationalists, as highlighted by the promotion of conspiracy theories such as Zionist Occupation Government
.
Racialism
Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations. Currently, racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories, but not necessarily that any absolute hierarchy between the races has been demonstrated by a rigorous and comprehensive scientific process...
definition of national identity
National identity
National identity is the person's identity and sense of belonging to one state or to one nation, a feeling one shares with a group of people, regardless of one's citizenship status....
for white people
White people
White people is a term which usually refers to human beings characterized, at least in part, by the light pigmentation of their skin...
. White separatism
White separatism
White separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for white people. White separatists generally claim genetic affiliation with Anglo-Saxon cultures, Nordic cultures, or other white European cultures...
and white supremacism
White supremacy
White supremacy is the belief, and promotion of the belief, that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds. The term is sometimes used specifically to describe a political ideology that advocates the social and political dominance by whites.White supremacy, as with racial...
are subgroups within white nationalism. The former seek a separate white nation state, while the latter add ideas from social Darwinism
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is a term commonly used for theories of society that emerged in England and the United States in the 1870s, seeking to apply the principles of Darwinian evolution to sociology and politics...
and National Socialism
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
to their ideology. Most white nationalists are separatists, and only a smaller number are supremacists. Both schools of thought generally avoid the term supremacy, saying it has negative connotations.
The contemporary white nationalist movement in the United States could be regarded as a reaction to what is perceived as a decline in white demographics, politics and culture. According to Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel Phillips Huntington was an influential American political scientist who wrote highly-regarded books in a half-dozen sub-fields of political science, starting in 1957...
, the contemporary white nationalist movement is increasingly cultured, intellectual and academically trained. Some have suggested that rather than espousing violence, white nationalists tend to use statistics and social science data to argue for a self-conscious white identity. By challenging established policies on immigration, civil rights and racial integration, white nationalists seek to build bridges with moderately conservative white citizens.
Views
White nationalists argue that every nationality feels a natural affection for its own kind. They advocate racial self-preservation and claim that culture is a product of race. White nationalists argue that a natural hierarchy should triumph over the "false promise of egalitarianismEgalitarianism
Egalitarianism is a trend of thought that favors equality of some sort among moral agents, whether persons or animals. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that equality contains the idea of equity of quality...
", and that the downfall of white dominance spells doom for representative government, the rule of law and freedom of speech. According to white nationalist Samuel T. Francis, it is "a movement that rejects equality as an ideal and insists on an enduring core of human nature transmitted by heredity." Jared Taylor
Jared Taylor
Samuel Jared Taylor of Oakton, Virginia, is an American journalist and an advocate of what he describes as "racial realism", a philosophy that views race as a biological reality and advocates the separateness of racial groups as the key of a well functioning society...
, another notable white nationalist, claims that similar racial views were held by many mainstream American leaders before the 1950s.
According to Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel Phillips Huntington was an influential American political scientist who wrote highly-regarded books in a half-dozen sub-fields of political science, starting in 1957...
, white nationalists argue that the demographic shift in the United States towards non-whites brings a new culture that is intellectually and morally inferior. They argue that with this demographic shift comes affirmative action
Affirmative action
Affirmative action refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation or national origin" into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group, usually as a means to counter the effects of a history of discrimination.-Origins:The term...
, immigrant ghettos and declining educational standards. Most American white nationalists say immigration should be restricted to people of European ancestry.
White nationalists embrace a variety of religious beliefs, including various Christian denominations, Germanic Neopaganism
Germanic Neopaganism
Germanic neopaganism is the contemporary revival of historical Germanic paganism. Precursor movements appeared in the early 20th century in Germany and Austria. A second wave of revival began in the early 1970s...
(e.g. Wotanism
Wotanism
Wotanism is the name of an American Heathen religion or socio-political current based on Germanic paganism and the doctrines of David Lane. Wotan is the German name for the Germanic god known in Norse as Odin...
) and atheism
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...
.
Definitions of whiteness
Most white nationalists define white peopleWhite people
White people is a term which usually refers to human beings characterized, at least in part, by the light pigmentation of their skin...
in a restricted way. In the United States, it often implies European ancestry
European ethnic groups
The ethnic groups in Europe are the various ethnic groups that reside in the nations of Europe. European ethnology is the field of anthropology focusing on Europe....
of non-Jewish descent. White nationalists draw primarily on 19th-century racial taxonomy, which neither reached a consensus on racial categories nor is accepted by contemporary geneticists
Genetics
Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms....
.
Different racial theories, such as Nordicism and Germanism
Pan-Germanism
Pan-Germanism is a pan-nationalist political idea. Pan-Germanists originally sought to unify the German-speaking populations of Europe in a single nation-state known as Großdeutschland , where "German-speaking" was taken to include the Low German, Frisian and Dutch-speaking populations of the Low...
, define different groups as white, both excluding some southern and eastern Europeans because of a perceived racial taint. Pan-Aryanism defines whites as individuals native to Europe, the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Middle East
Middle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
and Central/West Asia who are wholly of Caucasoid
Caucasian race
The term Caucasian race has been used to denote the general physical type of some or all of the populations of Europe, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia , Central Asia and South Asia...
descent or are overwhelmingly from the following Caucasoid subraces, or any combination thereof: Indo-European ("Aryan
Aryan race
The Aryan race is a concept historically influential in Western culture in the period of the late 19th century and early 20th century. It derives from the idea that the original speakers of the Indo-European languages and their descendants up to the present day constitute a distinctive race or...
")(including the Iranian peoples
Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples are an Indo-European ethnic-linguistic group, consisting of the speakers of Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family, as such forming a branch of Indo-European-speaking peoples...
but not the Indo-Aryans), Old European (e.g. Basque
Basque people
The Basques as an ethnic group, primarily inhabit an area traditionally known as the Basque Country , a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.The Basques are known in the...
), Ural Altaic Caucasoid (e.g.Turks
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
, Finns), or Hamitic
Hamitic
Hamitic is an historical term for the peoples supposedly descended from Noah's son Ham, paralleling Semitic and Japhetic.It was formerly used for grouping the non-Semitic Afroasiatic languages , but since, unlike the Semitic branch, these have not been shown to form a phylogenetic unity, the term...
(in modern times basically confined to Berbers). Other white nationalists use the term Pan-Europeanism to include all European ethnic group
Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...
s.
Some white nationalists, such as Jared Taylor
Jared Taylor
Samuel Jared Taylor of Oakton, Virginia, is an American journalist and an advocate of what he describes as "racial realism", a philosophy that views race as a biological reality and advocates the separateness of racial groups as the key of a well functioning society...
, have argued that Jews can be considered "white". Though most of the white nationalists oppose Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
and Zionism
Zionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
, several white nationalists (such as William Daniel Johnson
William Daniel Johnson
William Daniel Johnson is a longtime American attorney and white nationalist activist.-Background:Johnson graduated from Brigham Young University where he majored in Japanese and later served as a Mormon missionary in Japan....
) expressed support for Israel.
History
According to one view, white nationalism is a product of the modern centralized state's emergence in the West, like all nationalisms. The term originated as a self-description by some groups, primarily in the United States, to describe their belief in a racially definedRacialism
Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations. Currently, racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories, but not necessarily that any absolute hierarchy between the races has been demonstrated by a rigorous and comprehensive scientific process...
collective identity of white people
White people
White people is a term which usually refers to human beings characterized, at least in part, by the light pigmentation of their skin...
.
In the 19th and early 20th century, racial definitions of the American nation were common, resulting in race-specific immigration restrictions, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of...
. The 1915 film Birth of a Nation is an example of an allegorical invocation of white nationalism during this time.
A connection to the proto-Nazi Thule Society
Thule Society
The Thule Society , originally the Studiengruppe für germanisches Altertum , was a German occultist and völkisch group in Munich, named after a mythical northern country from Greek legend...
can be seen in its requirements for membership - the Thule-Society developed out of the "Germanic Order" in 1918, and those who wanted to join the Order in 1917 had to sign a special "blood declaration of faith" concerning the lineage: "The signer hereby swears to the best of his knowledge and belief that no Jewish or coloured blood flows in either his or in his wife's veins, and that among their ancestors are no members of the coloured races." And the Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Rosenberg
' was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi Party. Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart; he later held several important posts in the Nazi government...
said on the 29th of May 1938 on the Steckelburg in Schlüchtern
Schlüchtern
Schlüchtern is a town in the Main-Kinzig district, in Hessen, Germany. It is located on the river Kinzig at the southwest of a hill called Landrücken, approx. 30 km southwest of Fulda.-History:...
: "It is however certain that all of us share the fate of Europe, and that we shall regard this common fate as an obligation, because in the end the very existence of White people depends on the unity of the European continent."
The White Australia ideal was semi-official policy in Australia until 1975. In South Africa, white nationalism was championed by the National Party
National Party (South Africa)
The National Party is a former political party in South Africa. Founded in 1914, it was the governing party of the country from 4 June 1948 until 9 May 1994. Members of the National Party were sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats. Its policies included apartheid, the establishment of a...
starting in 1948, as opposition to apartheid heated up.
Starting in the 1960s, white nationalism grew in the United States as the conservative movement developed in mainstream society. Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel Phillips Huntington was an influential American political scientist who wrote highly-regarded books in a half-dozen sub-fields of political science, starting in 1957...
argues that it developed as a reaction to a perceived decline in the essence of American identity as European, Anglo-Protestant and English-speaking. The slogan "white power" was coined by American Nazi Party
American Nazi Party
The American Nazi Party was an American political party founded by discharged U.S. Navy Commander George Lincoln Rockwell. Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, Rockwell initially called it the World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists , but later renamed it the American Nazi Party in...
leader George Lincoln Rockwell
George Lincoln Rockwell
George Lincoln Rockwell was the founder of the American Nazi Party. Rockwell was a major figure in the neo-Nazi movement in the United States, and his beliefs and writings have continued to be influential among white nationalists and neo-Nazis.-Early life:Rockwell was born in Bloomington,...
, who used the term in a debate with Stokely Carmichael
Stokely Carmichael
Kwame Ture , also known as Stokely Carmichael, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He rose to prominence first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party...
of the Black Panther Party
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party wasan African-American revolutionary leftist organization. It was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982....
, after Carmichael issued a call for "black power
Black Power
Black Power is a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies. It is used in the movement among people of Black African descent throughout the world, though primarily by African Americans in the United States...
".
In recent years, the Internet has provided an expansion of audiences for white nationalism.
Criticism
Anti-racistAnti-racism
Anti-racism includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. In general, anti-racism is intended to promote an egalitarian society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race, however defined...
organizations generally have argued that ideas such as white pride
White pride
White pride is a slogan indicating pride in being white. The slogan has been adopted by neo-Nazi and white supremacist organizations.White pride advocates claim that there is a cultural double standard in which only certain ethnic groups are permitted to openly express pride in their heritage, and...
and white nationalism exist merely to provide a sanitized public face for white supremacy
White supremacy
White supremacy is the belief, and promotion of the belief, that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds. The term is sometimes used specifically to describe a political ideology that advocates the social and political dominance by whites.White supremacy, as with racial...
. Kofi Buenor Hadjor argues that black nationalism
Black nationalism
Black nationalism advocates a racial definition of indigenous national identity, as opposed to multiculturalism. There are different indigenous nationalist philosophies but the principles of all African nationalist ideologies are unity, and self-determination or independence from European society...
is a response to racial discrimination, while white nationalism is the expression of white supremacy. Other critics have described white nationalism as a "...somewhat paranoid ideology" based upon the publication of pseudo-academic studies.
Carol M. Swain argues that the unstated goal of white nationalism is to appeal to a larger audience, and that most white nationalist groups promote white separatism
White separatism
White separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for white people. White separatists generally claim genetic affiliation with Anglo-Saxon cultures, Nordic cultures, or other white European cultures...
and racial violence. Opponents accuse white nationalists of hatred, racial bigotry and destructive identity politics
Identity politics
Identity politics are political arguments that focus upon the self interest and perspectives of self-identified social interest groups and ways in which people's politics may be shaped by aspects of their identity through race, class, religion, sexual orientation or traditional dominance...
. White supremacist groups have a history of perpetrating hate crime
Hate crime
In crime and law, hate crimes occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her perceived membership in a certain social group, usually defined by racial group, religion, sexual orientation, disability, class, ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, social status or...
s, particularly against people of Jewish or African descent. Examples include the lynching
Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake or shooting, in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate, control, or otherwise manipulate a population of people. It is related to other means of social control that...
of black people by the Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
(KKK).
Some critics argue that white nationalists — while posturing as civil rights
Civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.Civil rights include...
groups advocating the interests of their racial group — frequently draw on the nativist
Nativism (politics)
Nativism favors the interests of certain established inhabitants of an area or nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. It may also include the re-establishment or perpetuation of such individuals or their culture....
traditions of the KKK and the British National Front. Critics have noted the anti-semitic rhetoric used by white nationalists, as highlighted by the promotion of conspiracy theories such as Zionist Occupation Government
Zionist Occupation Government
Zionist Occupation Government or Zionist Occupied Government is an antisemitic conspiracy theory which holds that Jews secretly control a given country, while the formal government is a puppet regime....
.
Notable organizations
- American Third Position PartyAmerican Third Position PartyThe American Third Position Party is an American political party of the far-right, which promotes white nationalism. It was founded in 2010, and defines its principal mission as representing the political interests of white Americans. The party takes a strong stand against immigration and...
- Aryan GuardAryan GuardThe Aryan Guard is an Alberta-based neo-Nazi group with members primarily located in the city of Calgary. It was founded in 2006 and was reported disbanded in 2009 as a result of internal conflict including pipe bombing attacks...
- Aryan NationsAryan NationsAryan Nations is a white supremacist religious organization originally based in Hayden Lake, Idaho. Richard Girnt Butler founded the group in the 1970s, as an arm of the Christian Identity organization Church of Jesus Christ–Christian...
- Australia First PartyAustralia First PartyThe Australia First Party is a minor far-right political party in Australia that is federally registered and is also registered to contest local elections in New South Wales. The Party is led by Jim Saleam. Saleam is the Chairman of the Party in New South Wales but plays a major role in the Party...
- Australian Protectionist PartyAustralian Protectionist PartyThe Australian Protectionist Party is an Australian minor political party with far–right–wing political views.-Ideology:The policies of the Australian Protectionist Party focus on economic protectionism, social conservatism, nationalism, and white nationalism...
- National Front (United Kingdom)
- British National PartyBritish National PartyThe British National Party is a British far-right political party formed as a splinter group from the National Front by John Tyndall in 1982...
- British People's PartyBritish People's PartyBritish People's Party has been used as a name by a number of far right parties in the United Kingdom. The main users have been:* British People's Party * British People's Party * British People's Party...
- Canadian Heritage AllianceCanadian Heritage AllianceThe Canadian Heritage Alliance is a Canadian white supremacist group founded in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario. Detective Terry Murphy of London's Hate Crime Unit alleged that the group had links with the Heritage Front and the Kitchener/Waterloo/Cambridge-based Tri-City Skins.Its leader, Melissa...
- Creativity Alliance
- Creativity Movement
- Council of Conservative CitizensCouncil of Conservative CitizensThe Council of Conservative Citizens is an American political organization that supports a large variety of conservative and paleoconservative causes in addition to white nationalism, and white separatism...
- American FrontAmerican FrontAmerican Front is a white supremacist organization started in 1987 in San Francisco, California by Bob Heick. It began as a loose organization modeled after the British National Front. Heick began working with Tom Metzger's White Aryan Resistance in 1988. Heick and artist Boyd Rice posed for...
- Danish FrontDanish FrontDanish Front was an extreme right, nationalist network in Denmark, whose goal was to "keep Denmark for the Danish people", thus they were also against multiculturalism and "alien religions" such as Islam....
- Dutch Peoples-UnionDutch Peoples-UnionThe Dutch Peoples-Union is a Dutch political party. Because of its many calls for the rehabilitation of convicted World War II war criminals and SS costumes worn at demonstrations, it is counted among the most extreme right of Dutch politics...
- European-American Unity and Rights OrganizationEuropean-American Unity and Rights OrganizationThe European-American Unity and Rights Organization is a white nationalist organization in the United States. Led by former Louisiana state representative and presidential primary candidate David Duke, it was founded in 2000....
- European Americans UnitedEuropean Americans UnitedEuropean Americans United is a pro-European-American ethnic advocacy organization founded in January 2007. Professing to stress an incremental approach to social change and moderate stances, European Americans United rejects Nazism, fascism, and hatred...
- Finnish People's Blue-whitesFinnish People's Blue-whitesThe Finnish People's Blue-whites was a Finnish political party with a far-right nationalist agenda, led by the controversial political figure Olavi Mäenpää. It was founded in 1993 as Independent People's Front , and was known as National Front from 1997 until 2001...
- Finnish Resistance MovementFinnish Resistance MovementThe Finnish Resistance Movement , also known as the SVL, is a Finnish, militant Neo-Nazi organisation that operates all over the Finland...
- Heathen FrontHeathen FrontThe Allgermanische Heidnische Front was an international Neo-Nazi organization espousing a philosophy influenced by anti-Semitism, xenophobia and folkish heathenry or Ásatrú, often called Odalism.-History:...
- Movement Against Illegal ImmigrationMovement Against Illegal ImmigrationThe Movement Against Illegal Immigration is a Russian nationalist and anti-Illegal immigration organization. The organization is led by Aleksandr Belov a former member of ultra-nationalist Pamyat...
- National Alliance (Netherlands)National Alliance (Netherlands)The National Alliance was a Dutch nationalist political party. The party was disbanded in 2007.The party was formed on 12 November 2003, by Jan Teijn and Virginia Kapić. Teijn kicked off his political career in the Centrum Democraten in Rotterdam, before going over to the CP'86, where he was one...
- National Alliance (United States)
- National Democratic Party of GermanyNational Democratic Party of GermanyThe National Democratic Party of Germany – The People's Union , is a far right German nationalist party. It was founded in 1964 a successor to the German Reich Party . Party statements self-identify as Germany's "only significant patriotic force"...
- National VanguardNational Vanguard (American organization)National Vanguard is an American National Socialist organization based in Charlottesville, Virginia, founded in 2005 by Kevin Alfred Strom and former members of the National Alliance.-History:...
- Nationalist AllianceNationalist AllianceThe Nationalist Alliance is a far right movement in British politics, that aims to serve as an umbrella group for the various White nationalist groups in Britain...
- Nationalist Party of CanadaNationalist Party of CanadaThe Nationalist Party of Canada is an unregistered Canadian political party that was founded in 1977 by Don Andrews , who continues as leader of the party...
- Party of the Swedes
- Patriotic Youth LeaguePatriotic Youth LeagueThe Patriotic Youth League was a youth organisation in Australia. They described themselves as 'radical nationalists', however the media and other groups labelled them Neo-Nazis. Their logo was the Eureka Flag....
- Russian National UnityRussian National UnityRussian National Unity or All-Russian civic patriotic movement "Russian National Unity" , is a far right, fascist political party and paramilitary organization based in Russia and operating in states with Russian-speaking populations. It was founded by the ultra-nationalist Alexander Barkashov...
- Slavonic Union
- Swedish Resistance MovementSwedish Resistance MovementThe Swedish Resistance Movement , also known as the SMR, is a Swedish, militant Neo-Nazi organisation that exists in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Linköping. The Leader is Klas Lund, former member of White Aryan Resistance, VAM, and convicted of manslaughter.The organisation is mainly known for...
- VigridVigrid (Norway)Vigrid is a Norwegian organization which combines racial teachings with imagery derived from Norse mythology. Vigrid was founded by Tore W. Tvedt on 31 December 1998, and is today led by Thorgrim O. Bredesen. In 2009 the group registered as a political party, and ran for the parliamentary election,...
- VolksfrontVolksfrontVolksfront describes itself as an international fraternal organization for persons of European descent. It has been called "neo-Nazi" and a "racist-skinhead group" in press reports...
- White Aryan ResistanceWhite Aryan ResistanceWhite Aryan Resistance is a neo-Nazi white separatist organization founded and led by former Ku Klux Klan leader Tom Metzger. Part of the American far right, it is based in Warsaw, Indiana and is incorporated as a business....
- White Nationalist PartyWhite Nationalist PartyThe White Nationalist Party was a neo-fascist British political party, founded in May 2002 as "the British political wing of Aryan Unity"...
Notable individuals
- Don Black
- Craig CobbCraig CobbCraig Cobb , also known as Craig "corn on the" Cobb, is a longtime anti-semitic white supremacist activist who operated a now-defunct video sharing website named Podblanc. He claims "racism is my religion" and advocates "racial holy war" in accordance with the tenets of The Creativity Movement...
- Ian Stuart DonaldsonIan Stuart DonaldsonIan Stuart Donaldson was a British Neo-Nazi singer, musician and songwriter, most known as the frontman of Skrewdriver, a British punk rock band that later became a white power rock band...
- David DukeDavid DukeDavid Ernest Duke is a former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan an American activist and writer, and former Republican Louisiana State Representative. He was also a former candidate in the Republican presidential primaries in 1992, and in the Democratic presidential primaries in...
- Matthew F. HaleMatthew F. HaleMatthew F. Hale , more commonly known as Matt Hale, was the third Pontifex Maximus of the white supremacist religion, Creativity, and the founder of the group formerly known as the World Church of the Creator and now known as The Creativity Movement. The organization's headquarters were based in...
- Seppo LehtoSeppo LehtoSeppo Olavi Lehto is a Finnish far right activist currently living in Tampere. The main theme of his activism is the return of Finnish territories ceded to the Soviet Union in World War II...
- Alex LinderAlex LinderAlex Linder is the owner and operator of the Vanguard News Network , an antisemitic, white supremacist website launched in 2000 by Alex Linder. VNN is one of the most active white supremacist sites on the Internet, according to the Anti-Defamation League . Its motto is "No Jews...
- Olavi MäenpääOlavi MäenpääOlavi Juhani Mäenpää is a Finnish politician and former chairman of Finnish People's Blue-whites , a far right political party...
- Tom MetzgerTom MetzgerThomas Metzger is an American white nationalist who founded White Aryan Resistance . His far-right activist groups, including WAR, have been monitored by the Southern Poverty Law Center, an American organization that tracks hate groups...
- Thomas RobbThomas RobbThomas Robb, also known as Thom Robb, is the national director of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, and a pastor at the Christian Revival Center.-Early life:Thomas Robb was born in Detroit, Michigan into a Baptist family and grew up in Tucson, Arizona....
- Edgar SteeleEdgar SteeleEdgar J. Steele is a former American attorney and author from northern Idaho best known for serving as the defense attorney for Richard G. Butler, founder of a white supremacist organization, the Aryan Nations...
- Kevin Alfred StromKevin Alfred StromKevin Alfred Strom is the former Managing Director of National Vanguard. Strom resigned from National Vanguard in July 2006...
- Jared TaylorJared TaylorSamuel Jared Taylor of Oakton, Virginia, is an American journalist and an advocate of what he describes as "racial realism", a philosophy that views race as a biological reality and advocates the separateness of racial groups as the key of a well functioning society...
- Eugène Terre'BlancheEugène Terre'BlancheEugène Ney Terre'Blanche was a former member of South Africa's Herstigte Nasionale Party who founded the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging during the apartheid era...
- William Luther PierceWilliam Luther PierceWilliam Luther Pierce III was the leader of the white separatist National Alliance organization, and one of the most important ideologists of the white nationalist movement. Pierce originally worked as an assistant professor of physics at Oregon State University, before he became involved in...
Notable media
- American Renaissance
- Info-14Info-14Info-14 is a Neo-Nazi newspaper, published in paper form since April 1995 until may 2000, when it was transformed into a website. The paper was started as a binding factor within the National Alliance with Robert Vesterlund, earlier member of the Sweden Democrats and chairman of Sweden Democratic...
- MetapediaMetapediaMetapedia is a white nationalist and white supremacist, extreme right-wing and multilingual online encyclopedia. It was officially launched on October 26, 2006 with the Swedish-language edition. The English section was launched on April 28, 2007...
- National Vanguard (publication)National Vanguard (publication)National Vanguard is a magazine published by the National Vanguard Books, Inc., a non-profit corporation link to the National Alliance. The publication's first editor was William Luther Pierce the founder of the National Alliance...
- Occidental ObserverOccidental ObserverThe Occidental Observer is an online publication whose mission statement is to "present original content touching on the themes of white identity, white interests, and the culture of the West." The publication claims that there is great need for efforts such as its own because, "overt expressions...
- Podblanc
- RedwatchRedwatchRedwatch is a British website associated with members of the far-right British People's Party. It publishes photographs of, and personal information about, alleged far left and anti-fascist activists. It typically targets activists in political parties, advocacy groups, trade unions and the media...
- The Political CesspoolThe Political CesspoolThe Political Cesspool is a weekly talk radio show founded by James Edwards, and syndicated by Liberty News Radio Network and Accent Radio Network in the United States...
- Stormfront (website)Stormfront (website)Stormfront is a white nationalist and supremacist neo-Nazi Internet forum that has been described as the Internet's first major hate site.Stormfront began as an online bulletin board system in the early 1990s before being established as a website in 1995 by former Ku Klux Klan leader and white...
- Vanguard News Network
See also
- Ethnic nationalismEthnic nationalismEthnic nationalism is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity. Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism, i.e...
- Know NothingKnow NothingThe Know Nothing was a movement by the nativist American political faction of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to Anglo-Saxon Protestant values and controlled by...
- The Passing of the Great RaceThe Passing of the Great RaceThe Passing of The Great Race; or, The racial basis of European history was an influential book of scientific racism written by the American eugenicist, lawyer, and amateur anthropologist Madison Grant in 1916. The book was largely ignored when it first appeared but went through several revisions...
- List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups
- List of white nationalist organizations