Władysław Marian Jakowicki
Encyclopedia
Władysław Marian Jakowicki (1885 – ca.1940/1942) was a Polish soldier, physician and an academic. Professor and rector of the Stefan Batory University in Wilno (Vilnius). Arrested, imprisoned and died in the aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Poland
(around 1940-1942), exact location and place of death unknown.
. In 1903 he finished a gymnasium
there, and for the next three years he studied medicine at the University of Moscow. After the 1905 Russian Revolution he transferred to Lviv (Lwów) University
, where in 1910 he received the physician qualification. Next year he received confirmation of his diploma from the Kiev University
. From that time till the First World War he was an assistant in the obstetrics
and gynaecology
clinic of the Lviv University.
After the start of the war he joined volunteer units under Józef Piłsudski. From December 1914 he was the physician of the I baon of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Polish Legions
. On 1 January 1915 he was promoted to jr. lieutenant, and on 26 January he became the chief physician of the 1st Regiment. He remained on that post till 25 April 1917, through the entire history of the 1st Regiment, advancing to the captain rank (1 October 1916). He was dismissed from the Legions after the Oath Crisis
incident. He returned to Lviv, resuming his former position.
Throughout his military career he was awarded the Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari
, as well as Cross of Valour (twice).
In the aftermath of World War I
Lviv was incorporated into the newly independent Second Polish Republic
. Jakowicki joined the new Polish Army. In December 1918 he was assigned to the director (ordinator) of the surgical department of the Military Hospital in Chełm. On 1 April 1920 he was promoted to deputy colonel. On 18 March 1921 upon request he was dismissed from active service. In 1923 he received habilitation
of his degree. In 1924 he was an officer of the reserve in the 9th Hospital Regiment, from 1920 to 1924 working in the obstetrics clinic of the Warsaw University. On 1 October 1925 he became the chair of the obstetrics and gynaecology department (katedra) of the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius
(Wilno). From 1929 to 1939 he was the dean
of the medical department, and from 1936 to 1937, rector
of the university. He resigned his position as the rector due to anti-Semitic incidents at the university, in protest over the introduction of the ghetto benches
system.
He was a member of many scientific societies, such as the Lviv, Warsaw and Vilnius Medical Associations. He has served as president in some of them. He was one of the editors of "Ginekologia Polska" (Polish Gynaecology) journal in the years 1924-1925, and has authored numerous scientific publications.
After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland
in 1939, Vilnius was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union. Around 25 September 1939 Jakowicki was arrested and transferred from Vilnius to a prison in Minsk
. He was sentenced for 10 years. It is presumed that he was died somewhere in the Soviet Union around 1940 to 1942, exact location and circumstances of his death are unknown. Tomas Venclova
wrote that he "vanished without a trace". He was one of the nineteen Polish faculty from the Stefan Batory University arrested by the Soviets, and one of their nine fatalities (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).
Soviet invasion of Poland
Soviet invasion of Poland can refer to:* the second phase of the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 when Soviet armies marched on Warsaw, Poland* Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 when Soviet Union allied with Nazi Germany attacked Second Polish Republic...
(around 1940-1942), exact location and place of death unknown.
Biography
Władysław Marian Jakowicki was born on 19 September 1885 in VitebskVitebsk
Vitebsk, also known as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk , is a city in Belarus, near the border with Russia. The capital of the Vitebsk Oblast, in 2004 it had 342,381 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth largest city...
. In 1903 he finished a gymnasium
Gymnasium (school)
A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...
there, and for the next three years he studied medicine at the University of Moscow. After the 1905 Russian Revolution he transferred to Lviv (Lwów) University
Lviv University
The Lviv University or officially the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv is the oldest continuously operating university in Ukraine...
, where in 1910 he received the physician qualification. Next year he received confirmation of his diploma from the Kiev University
Kiev University
Taras Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and Kharkiv University. Currently, its structure...
. From that time till the First World War he was an assistant in the obstetrics
Obstetrics
Obstetrics is the medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy , childbirth and the postnatal period...
and gynaecology
Gynaecology
Gynaecology or gynecology is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive system . Literally, outside medicine, it means "the science of women"...
clinic of the Lviv University.
After the start of the war he joined volunteer units under Józef Piłsudski. From December 1914 he was the physician of the I baon of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Polish Legions
Polish Legions in World War I
Polish Legions was the name of Polish armed forces created in August 1914 in Galicia. Thanks to the efforts of KSSN and the Polish members of the Austrian parliament, the unit became an independent formation of the Austro-Hungarian Army...
. On 1 January 1915 he was promoted to jr. lieutenant, and on 26 January he became the chief physician of the 1st Regiment. He remained on that post till 25 April 1917, through the entire history of the 1st Regiment, advancing to the captain rank (1 October 1916). He was dismissed from the Legions after the Oath Crisis
Oath crisis
The Oath crisis was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions.Initially supporting the Central Powers against Imperial Russia, Piłsudski wanted to defeat one of the partitioning powers with the hands of the two remaining...
incident. He returned to Lviv, resuming his former position.
Throughout his military career he was awarded the Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari
Virtuti Militari
The Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war...
, as well as Cross of Valour (twice).
In the aftermath of World War I
Aftermath of World War I
The fighting in World War I ended in western Europe when the Armistice took effect at 11:00 am GMT on November 11, 1918, and in eastern Europe by the early 1920s. During and in the aftermath of the war the political, cultural, and social order was drastically changed in Europe, Asia and Africa,...
Lviv was incorporated into the newly independent Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
. Jakowicki joined the new Polish Army. In December 1918 he was assigned to the director (ordinator) of the surgical department of the Military Hospital in Chełm. On 1 April 1920 he was promoted to deputy colonel. On 18 March 1921 upon request he was dismissed from active service. In 1923 he received habilitation
Habilitation
Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in several European and Asian countries. Earned after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires the candidate to write a professorial thesis based on independent...
of his degree. In 1924 he was an officer of the reserve in the 9th Hospital Regiment, from 1920 to 1924 working in the obstetrics clinic of the Warsaw University. On 1 October 1925 he became the chair of the obstetrics and gynaecology department (katedra) of the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius
Vilnius
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...
(Wilno). From 1929 to 1939 he was the dean
Dean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...
of the medical department, and from 1936 to 1937, rector
Rector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
of the university. He resigned his position as the rector due to anti-Semitic incidents at the university, in protest over the introduction of the ghetto benches
Ghetto benches
Ghetto benches or bench Ghetto was a form of official segregation in the seating of students, introduced in Poland's universities beginning in 1935 at Lwow Polytechnic. By 1937, when this practice became conditionally legalized, most rectors at other higher education institutions had adopted this...
system.
He was a member of many scientific societies, such as the Lviv, Warsaw and Vilnius Medical Associations. He has served as president in some of them. He was one of the editors of "Ginekologia Polska" (Polish Gynaecology) journal in the years 1924-1925, and has authored numerous scientific publications.
After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland
Soviet invasion of Poland
Soviet invasion of Poland can refer to:* the second phase of the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 when Soviet armies marched on Warsaw, Poland* Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 when Soviet Union allied with Nazi Germany attacked Second Polish Republic...
in 1939, Vilnius was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union. Around 25 September 1939 Jakowicki was arrested and transferred from Vilnius to a prison in Minsk
Minsk
- Ecological situation :The ecological situation is monitored by Republican Center of Radioactive and Environmental Control .During 2003–2008 the overall weight of contaminants increased from 186,000 to 247,400 tons. The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened...
. He was sentenced for 10 years. It is presumed that he was died somewhere in the Soviet Union around 1940 to 1942, exact location and circumstances of his death are unknown. Tomas Venclova
Tomas Venclova
Tomas Venclova is a Lithuanian scholar, poet, author and translator of literature.Tomas Venclova is son of poet and Soviet politician Antanas Venclova. He was educated at Vilnius University. As an active participant in the dissident movement he was deprived of Soviet citizenship in 1977 and had...
wrote that he "vanished without a trace". He was one of the nineteen Polish faculty from the Stefan Batory University arrested by the Soviets, and one of their nine fatalities (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).