Yildirim Army Group - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Yildirim Army Group or Thunderbolt Army Group of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

(Turksih

Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...

: Yıldırım Ordular Grubu or Yıldırım Orduları Grubu) or Army Group F (German

German language

German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

: Heeresgruppe F) was one of the army groups

Army group

An army group is a military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods. It is usually responsible for a particular geographic area...

of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during World War I

World War I

World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

Order of Battle, August 1917

In August 1917, the army group was structured as follows:

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Erich von Falkenhayn
Erich von Falkenhayn
Erich von Falkenhayn was a German soldier and Chief of the General Staff during World War I. He became a military writer after World War I.-Early life:...

)

- Seventh Army
  Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
  
  , Syria
  Syria
  Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
  
  (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pasha
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
  
  )
  - III Corps
    III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    - 24th Division, 50th Division
  - XV Corps
    XV Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XV Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I...
    - 19th Division, 20th Division
  - German Asia Corps
    Asia Korps
    The Asia Corps or Asia Korps was a detachment of the German Army, sent to assist the Ottoman Army during World War I.-Pasha I:...

- Sixth Army
  Sixth Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Sixth Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1877:In 1877, it was stationed in Baghdad...
  
  , Mesopotamia
  Mesopotamia
  Mesopotamia is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the...
  
  (Mirliva Halil Pasha)
  - XIII Corps
    XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.-Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    - 2nd Division, 6th Division
  - XVIII Corps
    XVIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XVIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, October 29, 1912 :...
    - 14th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division
  - 46th Division

Order of Battle, January 1918

In January 1918, the army group was structured as follows:

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Erich von Falkenhayn
Erich von Falkenhayn
Erich von Falkenhayn was a German soldier and Chief of the General Staff during World War I. He became a military writer after World War I.-Early life:...

)

- Seventh Army
  Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
  
  (Mirliva Mustafa Fevzi Pasha
  Fevzi Çakmak
  Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish soldier , politician. Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, National Defence Minister, Prime minister of Ankara government, the second Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Grand National Assembly and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of...
  
  )
  - III Corps
    III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    - 1st Division, 19th Division, 24th Division
  - XV Corps
    XX Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
    - 26th Division, 53rd Division
  - 3rd Cavalry Division
  - German Asia Corps

- Eighth Army
  Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Eighth Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, January 1918 :In January 1918, the army was structured as follows:...
  
  (Ferik Cevat Pasha
  Cevat Çobanli
  Cevat Çobanlı was a military commander of the Ottoman Army, War Minister of the Ottoman Empire and a general of Turkish Army.-Family and schools:...
  
  )
  - XXII Corps
    XXII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XXII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, August 1917 :In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows:...
    - 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
  - 16th Division, 54th Division, 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division

Order of Battle, June 1918

In June 1918, the army group was structured as follows:

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Otto Liman von Sanders
Otto Liman von Sanders
Generalleutnant Otto Liman von Sanders was a German general who served as adviser and military commander for the Ottoman Empire during World War I.-Biography:...

)

- Seventh Army
  Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
  
  (Mirliva Mustafa Fevzi Pasha
  Fevzi Çakmak
  Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish soldier , politician. Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, National Defence Minister, Prime minister of Ankara government, the second Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Grand National Assembly and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of...
  
  )
  - III Corps
    III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    - 1st Division, 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
  - XV Corps
    XX Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
    - 26th Division, 53rd Division, 19th Division
  - German Asia Corps

- Eighth Army
  Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Eighth Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, January 1918 :In January 1918, the army was structured as follows:...
  
  (Ferik Cevat Pasha
  Cevat Çobanli
  Cevat Çobanlı was a military commander of the Ottoman Army, War Minister of the Ottoman Empire and a general of Turkish Army.-Family and schools:...
  
  )
  - XXII Corps
    XXII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XXII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, August 1917 :In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows:...
    - 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
  - 16th Division
  - 54th Division
  - 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division

Order of Battle, September 1918

In September 1918, the army group was structured as follows:

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Otto Liman von Sanders
Otto Liman von Sanders
Generalleutnant Otto Liman von Sanders was a German general who served as adviser and military commander for the Ottoman Empire during World War I.-Biography:...

)

- Fourth Army
  Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Fourth Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle nineteenth century, during Ottoman military reforms.-Order of Battle, 1877:In 1877, it was stationed in Anatolia...
  
  (Mirliva
  Mirliva
  Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It corresponds to a Brigadier General or Major General . Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir and Liva...
  
  Mersinli Cemal Pasha
  Cemal Mersinli
  Cemal Mersinli also known as Mehmed Djemal Pasha, Mersinli Djemal, Djemal Kuchuk, or the lesser Djemal - October 7, 1941; Ankara) was a general of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army...
  
  )
  - II Corps
    II Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The II Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    
    (Miralay
    Colonel
    Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
    
    Galatalı Şevket Bey)
    - 62nd Division, Provisional Division x 3
  - Jordan Group
    - 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
  - VIII Corps
    VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The VIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    
    (Miralay Yasin Hilmi Bey
    Yasin al-Hashimi
    Yasin al-Hashimi was an Iraqi politician who served twice as that country's prime minister. Like many of Iraq's early leaders, Hashimi, who was born Yasin Hilmi Salman, served as an officer during Ottoman control of the country...
    
    )
    - 48th Division, Umman
      Amman
      Amman is the capital of Jordan. It is the country's political, cultural and commercial centre and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Greater Amman area has a population of 2,842,629 as of 2010. The population of Amman is expected to jump from 2.8 million to almost...
      
      Provisional Division

- Seventh Army
  Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
  
  (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pasha
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
  
  )
  - III Corps
    III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    
    (Miralay İsmet Bey
    Ismet Inönü
    Mustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" .-Family and early life:...
    
    )
    - 1st Division, 11th Division
  - XV Corps
    XX Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
    
    (Miralay Ali Fuat Bey
    Ali Fuat Cebesoy
    Ali Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım...
    
    )
    - 26th Division, 53rd Division

- Eighth Army
  Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Eighth Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, January 1918 :In January 1918, the army was structured as follows:...
  
  (Ferik Cevat Pasha
  Cevat Çobanli
  Cevat Çobanlı was a military commander of the Ottoman Army, War Minister of the Ottoman Empire and a general of Turkish Army.-Family and schools:...
  
  )
  - XXII Corps
    XXII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XXII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, August 1917 :In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows:...
    
    (Miralay Refet Bey
    Refet Bele
    Refet Bele was an officer of the Ottoman Army and the general of the Turkish Army.-External links:...
    
    )
    - 7th Division, 20th Division
  - Left Wing Corps (Oberst
    Oberst
    Oberst is a military rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark and Norway. The Swedish rank överste is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank eversti...
    
    Gustav von Oppen)
    - 16th Division, 19th Division
    - German Asia Corps
  - 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division

Order of Battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the army group was structured as follows:

Yildirim Army Group (Mirliva
Mirliva
Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It corresponds to a Brigadier General or Major General . Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir and Liva...

Mustafa Kemal Pasha
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....

)

- Second Army
  Second Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Second Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the late 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1877:In 1877, it was stationed in what is now Bulgaria...
  
  (Mirliva Nihat Pasha
  Nihat Anılmış
  Nihat Anılmış was an officer of the Ottoman Army and the general of the Turkish Army.-Sources:...
  
  )
  - XII Corps
    XII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    - 23rd Division
  - XV Corps
    XV Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XV Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I...
    - 41st Division, 44th Division

- Seventh Army
  Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
  The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
  
  (Mirliva Ali Fuat Pasha
  Ali Fuat Cebesoy
  Ali Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım...
  
  , deputy)
  - III Corps
    III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
    - 11th Division, 24th Division
  - XX Corps
    XX Corps (Ottoman Empire)
    The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
    - 1st Division, 43rd Division

Yildirim Troops Inspectorate, May 1919

In April 1919, Şevket Turgut Pasha, Cevat Pasha

Cevat Çobanli

Cevat Çobanlı was a military commander of the Ottoman Army, War Minister of the Ottoman Empire and a general of Turkish Army.-Family and schools:...

and Kavaklı Mustafa Fevzi Pasha

Fevzi Çakmak

Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish soldier , politician. Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, National Defence Minister, Prime minister of Ankara government, the second Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Grand National Assembly and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of...

hold a secret meeting in Constantinople. They prepared a report called "Trio Oath" (Üçler Misâkı) and decided to establish army inspectorate for the defense of homeland. In late April, Kavaklı Mustafa Fevzi Pasha submitted this report to the Minister of War Şakir Pasha. On April 30, 1919, the War Ministry and Sultan Mehmed VI

Mehmed VI

Mehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...

ratified the decision about the establishing of army inspectorates that had been accepted by the Chief of General Staff And then the First Army Troops Inspectorate (stationed in Constantinople, Kavaklı Mustafa Fevzi Pasha

Fevzi Çakmak

), the Yildirim Troops Inspectorate (stationed in Konya, Mersinli Cemal Pasha

Cemal Mersinli

Cemal Mersinli also known as Mehmed Djemal Pasha, Mersinli Djemal, Djemal Kuchuk, or the lesser Djemal - October 7, 1941; Ankara) was a general of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army...

, later Second Army Inspectorate) Inspectorate, the Ninth Army Troops Inspectorate (stationed in Erzurum, Mustafa Kemal Pasha

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....

, later Third Army Inspectorate) was formed. Additionally, the Rumeli Military Troops Inspectorate (Nureddin Pasha

Nureddin Pasha

Nureddin Pasha , often called Bearded Nureddin , was a Turkish military officer, who served in the Ottoman Empire during World War I and in the Turkish army during the Greco-Turkish War...

) would be established and the XIII Corps

XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)

The XIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.-Order of Battle, 1911 :...

would be under the direction of the Ministry of War. In May 1919, the army inspectorate was structured as follows:

Yildirim Troops Inspectorate (Yıldırım Kıt'aatı Müfettişliği, Konya
Konya
Konya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The metropolitan area in the entire Konya Province had a population of 1,036,027 as of 2010, making the city seventh most populous in Turkey.-Etymology:...

, Inspector: Ferik
Ferik (rank)
Ferik was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It is translated as Major General or Lieutenant General . It was superior to a Mirliva and junior to a Birinci Ferik .The title of Ferik was abolished with Act No...

Mersinli Cemal Pasha
Cemal Mersinli
Cemal Mersinli also known as Mehmed Djemal Pasha, Mersinli Djemal, Djemal Kuchuk, or the lesser Djemal - October 7, 1941; Ankara) was a general of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army...

)
- XII Corps
  XII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
  The XII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
  
  (Niğde
  Nigde
  Niğde is a small city and the capital of Niğde Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The population is 109,724 per the 2010 statistics...
  
  , Miralay
  Colonel
  Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
  
  Selâhaddin Bey)
  - 11th Division
  - 41st Division
  - 7th Cavalry Regiment
  - 20th Cavalry Regiment
- XX Corps
  XX Corps (Ottoman Empire)
  The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
  
  (Ankara
  Ankara
  Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
  
  , Mirliva
  Mirliva
  Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It corresponds to a Brigadier General or Major General . Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir and Liva...
  
  Ali Fuad Pasha
  Ali Fuat Cebesoy
  Ali Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım...
  
  )
  - 23rd Division
  - 24th Division
- XVII Corps
  XVII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
  The XVII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, October 17, 1912 :...
  
  (Smyrna, Mirliva Ali Nadir Pasha, transferred from the First Army Troops Inspectorate after the Occupation of Smyrna)
  - 56th Division
  - 57th Division

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