Yogyakarta (special region)
Encyclopedia
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (ˌjɒɡjəˈkɑrtə or ˌjoʊɡjəˈkɑrtə; , or DIY), on the island of Java
is the smallest province
of Indonesia
(excluding the capital Jakarta
). Yogyakarta is the only province in Indonesia that is still governed by a pre-colonial monarchy, the Sultan of Yogyakarta, who serves as the hereditary governor of the province. The city of Yogyakarta
is the capital of the province. In Javanese it is pronounced joɡjaˈkartɔ, and named after the city of Ayodhya in Javanese-Hindu mythology.
was formed in 1755 by the Dutch East India Company
(VOC) through the Treaty of Giyanti. The treaty divided the Sultanate of Mataram into the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat with Yogyakarta as the capital and the Sultanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat with Surakarta
(now commonly known as Solo) as the capital. The Sultan Hamengkubuwono I spent the next 37 years building the new capital of Yogyakarta, with the Kraton as the centerpiece and the court at Surakarta as the blueprint model. By the time he died in 1792, his territory exceeded Surakarta's.
In September 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
and Sri Paku Alam VIII
, both of Yogyakarta, declared their sultanates part of the Republic of Indonesia following the Republic’s declaration of independence at the end of World War II. When the Dutch reoccupied Jakarta during the ensuing struggle to secure independence
, the capital of the Republic was moved to Yogyakarta from January 1946 to August 1950. In return for this support, the declaration of Special Authority over Yogyakarta was granted in full in 1950 and the region became its own province within the province of Central Java
.
The province was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake
on 27 May 2006. It killed 5,782 people and injured approximately 36,000. 600,000 people were left homeless. The region of Bantul
suffered the most damage and deaths.
. The population in 2003 was estimated at 3,000,000. It has an area of 3,185.80 km2, making it the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region
. Along with surrounding areas in Central Java, it has some of the highest population densities of Java.
Mount Merapi
is located to the immediate north of the city of Yogyakarta and Sleman Regency
. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It last erupted in October–November 2010, killing and injuring many people and temporarily displacing approximately 100,000 residents.
Located within the Yogyakarta province, the city of Yogyakarta is known as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also one of Indonesia's most renowned centers of higher education. At the city's center is the Sultan's palace called the kraton. While the city sprawls in all directions from the kraton, the core of the modern city is to the north.
. There are two train stations: Lempuyangan and Tugu. Yogyakarta is considered one of the major hubs that links the west-east main railway route in Java island. To the south, in the Bantul region, is the Giwangan bus station, the largest bus station in Indonesia. The centre of metropolitan Yogyakarta is surrounded by a ring road.
Since 2008, the Province of Yogyakarta launched bus rapid transit
system, the Trans Jogja
, which connects many places in and around Yogyakarta city, including the airport and Prambanan
temple.
The region is also the home of the first-established private university in Indonesia, the Islamic University of Indonesia
, which was founded in 1945. The Indonesia Institute of Arts, the first-established university in fine arts, is also in the region.. Other large universities include University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta State University, University of Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta and Atma Jaya University in Yogyakarta.
agreement with city/state:
Java
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
is the smallest province
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...
of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
(excluding the capital Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
). Yogyakarta is the only province in Indonesia that is still governed by a pre-colonial monarchy, the Sultan of Yogyakarta, who serves as the hereditary governor of the province. The city of Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...
is the capital of the province. In Javanese it is pronounced joɡjaˈkartɔ, and named after the city of Ayodhya in Javanese-Hindu mythology.
History
The Yogyakarta SultanateYogyakarta Sultanate
Yogyakarta Sultanate is a Javanese monarchy in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.-History:...
was formed in 1755 by the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
(VOC) through the Treaty of Giyanti. The treaty divided the Sultanate of Mataram into the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat with Yogyakarta as the capital and the Sultanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat with Surakarta
Surakarta
Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and...
(now commonly known as Solo) as the capital. The Sultan Hamengkubuwono I spent the next 37 years building the new capital of Yogyakarta, with the Kraton as the centerpiece and the court at Surakarta as the blueprint model. By the time he died in 1792, his territory exceeded Surakarta's.
In September 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
Hamengkubuwono IX or HB IX was the first Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region, the ninth Sultan of Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the second vice president of Indonesia during the Suharto's reign.-Early life:...
and Sri Paku Alam VIII
Sri Paku Alam VIII
Sri Paku Alam VIII was the son of Sri Paku Alam VII and Gusti Bendara Raden Ayu Retno Poewoso. His child name was Gusti Raden Mas Harya Sularso Kunto Sratno and his adult name was Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Prabu...
, both of Yogyakarta, declared their sultanates part of the Republic of Indonesia following the Republic’s declaration of independence at the end of World War II. When the Dutch reoccupied Jakarta during the ensuing struggle to secure independence
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution...
, the capital of the Republic was moved to Yogyakarta from January 1946 to August 1950. In return for this support, the declaration of Special Authority over Yogyakarta was granted in full in 1950 and the region became its own province within the province of Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
.
The province was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake
May 2006 Java earthquake
The May 2006 Java earthquake occurred at 05:54 local time on 27 May 2006 , in the Indian Ocean around south-southwest of the Indonesian city of Yogyakarta, near Galur, on the southern side of the island of Java , 10 km below the seabed, with a magnitude of 6.2, according to the U.S....
on 27 May 2006. It killed 5,782 people and injured approximately 36,000. 600,000 people were left homeless. The region of Bantul
Bantul
Bantul is a town and the capital of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.-2006 Earthquake:On 27 May 2006 an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale struck near Java's southern coast causing widespread damage. Bantul Regency was the region most affected by the disaster...
suffered the most damage and deaths.
Geography
The province is located near the southern coast of Java, wholly within the province of Central JavaCentral Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
. The population in 2003 was estimated at 3,000,000. It has an area of 3,185.80 km2, making it the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
. Along with surrounding areas in Central Java, it has some of the highest population densities of Java.
Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi , is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548...
is located to the immediate north of the city of Yogyakarta and Sleman Regency
Sleman Regency
Sleman is a regency located on the northern border of the Yogyakarta Special Region province, Indonesia. It has an area of 574.82 km² and a population of 901,400. Its capital is the town of Sleman...
. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It last erupted in October–November 2010, killing and injuring many people and temporarily displacing approximately 100,000 residents.
Administrative divisions
Yogyakarta Special Region (province-level) is subdivided into four regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota):| Name | Capital | Area (km²) | Population 2000 Census | Population 2005 estimate | Population 2010 Census |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bantul Regency Bantul Regency Bantul is the name of a regency and a town located in the province of Yogyakarta , Indonesia. The regency's population is approximately 800,000. Like many regions on the island of Java, it is densely populated with roughly 1,600 people per square kilometer... |
Bantul Bantul Bantul is a town and the capital of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.-2006 Earthquake:On 27 May 2006 an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale struck near Java's southern coast causing widespread damage. Bantul Regency was the region most affected by the disaster... |
||||
| Gunung Kidul Regency Gunung Kidul Regency Gunung Kidul or Kidul Mountain is the name of a regency—a well known cultural region—and the town located in the province of Yogyakarta , Indonesia. Like many regions on the island of Java, it is densely populated with roughly 1,600 people per square kilometer... |
Wonosari | ||||
| Kulon Progo Regency Kulon Progo Regency Kulon Progo Regency is one of the four regencies of the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The name stems from the fact that it is located at the west of Progo River. The capital is Wates. The biggest part of population in Kulon Progo works as farmers. Kulon Progo is surrounded by Menoreh... |
Wates | ||||
| Sleman Regency Sleman Regency Sleman is a regency located on the northern border of the Yogyakarta Special Region province, Indonesia. It has an area of 574.82 km² and a population of 901,400. Its capital is the town of Sleman... |
Sleman Sleman Sleman is a town in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. It is on the road between Yogyakarta and Magelang. It is in the regency that is home to Mount Merapi, which started its most recent eruption in late October and early November 2010, killing hundreds, including Maridjan, the spiritual keeper of the... |
||||
| Yogyakarta City Yogyakarta (city) Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to... |
Yogyakarta (city) Yogyakarta (city) Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to... |
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| Totals |
Located within the Yogyakarta province, the city of Yogyakarta is known as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also one of Indonesia's most renowned centers of higher education. At the city's center is the Sultan's palace called the kraton. While the city sprawls in all directions from the kraton, the core of the modern city is to the north.
Transport
Yogyakarta is served by Adisucipto International AirportAdisucipto International Airport
Adisucipto International Airport is the principal airport serving the Yogyakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia....
. There are two train stations: Lempuyangan and Tugu. Yogyakarta is considered one of the major hubs that links the west-east main railway route in Java island. To the south, in the Bantul region, is the Giwangan bus station, the largest bus station in Indonesia. The centre of metropolitan Yogyakarta is surrounded by a ring road.
Since 2008, the Province of Yogyakarta launched bus rapid transit
Bus rapid transit
Bus rapid transit is a term applied to a variety of public transportation systems using buses to provide faster, more efficient service than an ordinary bus line. Often this is achieved by making improvements to existing infrastructure, vehicles and scheduling...
system, the Trans Jogja
Trans Jogja
Trans Jogja is a bus rapid transit system operates in Yogyakarta City. Trans Jogja started its operation in February 2008, operated by PT. Jogja Tugu Trans. Right now, there are more than 50 buses, 70+ bus shelters, with 8 different routes.-Line 1A:...
, which connects many places in and around Yogyakarta city, including the airport and Prambanan
Prambanan
Prambanan is a ninth century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator , the Sustainer and the Destroyer...
temple.
Education
Yogyakarta is home to more than 100 institutions of higher education in Indonesia, the highest number of higher education institutions of any province in Indonesia.The region is also the home of the first-established private university in Indonesia, the Islamic University of Indonesia
Islamic University of Indonesia
The Islamic University of Indonesia is a private university located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was established in 27 Rajab 1364 or in 8 July 1945 as STI by some leading political figures of the day including Dr...
, which was founded in 1945. The Indonesia Institute of Arts, the first-established university in fine arts, is also in the region.. Other large universities include University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta State University, University of Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta and Atma Jaya University in Yogyakarta.
Sister relationships
Yogyakarta has signed a sister relationshipTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
agreement with city/state:
- CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, United States of America. - IpohIpohIpoh is the capital city of Perak state, Malaysia. It is approximately 200 km north of Kuala Lumpur on the North-South Expressway....
, Malaysia - Kyoto PrefectureKyoto Prefectureis a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Kyoto.- History :Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Kyoto prefecture was known as Yamashiro....
, JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
Tourism
- Malioboro
- Gembira Loka zoo, at November 7, 2011 achieved 1 million visitors in a year
- Water Palace, Taman sari
- Monumen "Yogya Kembali" Museum
- Yogyakarta Palace Museum
- Sonobudoyo Museum
- MerapiMount MerapiMount Merapi, Gunung Merapi , is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548...
volcano - Cemetery of kings in Java, Imogiri
- Kaliurang
- Parangtritis beach
- Baron beach
- Samas beach
- PrambananPrambananPrambanan is a ninth century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator , the Sustainer and the Destroyer...
Temple with Ramayana ballet show - Kalasan temple
- Ratu Boko temple and Ratu Boko palace
- Gabusan art market BantulBantulBantul is a town and the capital of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.-2006 Earthquake:On 27 May 2006 an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale struck near Java's southern coast causing widespread damage. Bantul Regency was the region most affected by the disaster...
- Leather handicraft market Manding BantulBantulBantul is a town and the capital of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.-2006 Earthquake:On 27 May 2006 an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale struck near Java's southern coast causing widespread damage. Bantul Regency was the region most affected by the disaster...