Ypati
Encyclopedia
Ypati is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis
, Greece
. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia
, of which it is a municipal unit. Its 2002 population was 6,855 for the municipality. In the Middle Ages
and the Ottoman period
, it was known as Neopatras (Νέαι Πάτραι, "New Patras
"), colloquially also Patratziki (Πατρατζίκι), and was the capital of the Duchy of Neopatria
.
and north of the Oiti mountains and Xerisa river, it is also 25 km west of Lamia
south of the GR-38
(Lamia - Karpenissi - Agrinio), around 230 km NNW of Athens
and about 50 km east of Karpenissi, it overlooks the Spercheios to the north. The geography includes forests and grasslands to the south in higher elevations. Neighbouring municipalities includes Sperchiada, Makrakomi
, Leianokladi
, Lamia
, Gorgopotamos
, Pavliani
and Kallieis
. Phocis
lies to the south. Around 3 km northwest are the famous springs which dates to the ancient times. It is around a few kilometres from the mountains.
"). The city was founded in 410 BC by the Aenianians, who at the time settled in southern Phthiotis
. In later times it belonged to the Amphictyony of Amphela. Herodotus
records the nearby hot springs, which were visited in Antiquity. The city played a role in the repulsion of the Celtic invasion of Greece
in 279 BC, as an assembly point for the forces of the Aetolian League
.
In the Roman period
, it was part of the Roman province
of Achaea
. Christianity arrived in the 1st century AD; tradition names St. Herodion of Patras
as the city's first bishop. Archaeological findings from the 2nd century AD indicate a relative prosperity during that period.
(who recorded repairs to its walls by Emperor Justinian I
) and in the Synecdemus
. The city may have been abandoned after the Slavic invasions of the 7th century, and reappears in the 10th century under the name Neai Patrai ("New Patras") or Patrai Helladikai ("Patras in [the theme of] Hellas
"). Until the 13th century, the city is mentioned only as an ecclesiastical center, being a metropolitan bishop
ric with one (10th century) and eventually twelve (12th century) suffragans.
The city played a major role in the latter 13th century, when it was the capital of the independent rulers of Thessaly
like John I Doukas
. The Catalan Company
seized the city in 1319 and made it the centre of the new Duchy of Neopatria
, a vassal of the Duchy of Athens
. It was one of the last remaining Catalan possessions, and fell to the Ottoman Turks
in 1394.
Under Ottoman rule
, the city became known as Patracık ("Little Patras"), rendered in Greek as Patratziki (Πατρατζίκι). The Turks were evicted for a time, in 1402, by Theodore Palaiologos
, Despot of the Morea. The Turks recovered it in 1414, the Byzantines in 1416, until it was definitively conquered by the Ottomans in 1423.
, Ypati (Patratziki) was the scene of three battles:
Ypati finally joined Greece in 1830 and revived its ancient name. The municipality of Ypati was founded on January 10, 1834.
in 1942, while on 14 June 1944, the Germans surrounded the town, executed 28 people and burned down 375 out of 400 buildings.
Phthiotis
Phthiotis is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia. It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west,...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia
Lamia (city)
Lamia is a city in central Greece. The city has a continuous history since antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region .-Name:...
, of which it is a municipal unit. Its 2002 population was 6,855 for the municipality. In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
and the Ottoman period
Ottoman Greece
Most of Greece gradually became part of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th century until its declaration of independence in 1821, a historical period also known as Tourkokratia ....
, it was known as Neopatras (Νέαι Πάτραι, "New Patras
Patras
Patras , ) is Greece's third largest urban area and the regional capital of West Greece, located in northern Peloponnese, 215 kilometers west of Athens...
"), colloquially also Patratziki (Πατρατζίκι), and was the capital of the Duchy of Neopatria
Duchy of Neopatria
The Duchy of Neopatria or Neopatras was one of the Crusader States set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade...
.
Subdivisions
The municipal unit Lidoriki is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):- Argyrochori
- Dafni
- Kastanea (Kastanea, Kapnochori)
- Kompotades
- Ladikou
- Loutra Ypatis (Loutra Ypatis, Varka, Magoula, Nea Ypati)
- Lychno (Lychno, Alonia)
- Mexiates
- Mesochori Ypatis
- Neochori Ypatis
- Peristeri
- Pyrgos
- Rodonia (Rodonia, Karya)
- Syka Ypatis
- Vasiliki
- Ypati (Ypati, Amalota)
Population
| Year | Village | Municipal district | Municipality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | - | 929 | 6,795 |
| 2001 | 724 | 849 | 6,855 |
Geography
Ypati is around 30 km west of ThermopylaeThermopylae
Thermopylae is a location in Greece where a narrow coastal passage existed in antiquity. It derives its name from its hot sulphur springs. "Hot gates" is also "the place of hot springs and cavernous entrances to Hades"....
and north of the Oiti mountains and Xerisa river, it is also 25 km west of Lamia
Lamia (city)
Lamia is a city in central Greece. The city has a continuous history since antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region .-Name:...
south of the GR-38
Greek National Road 38
Greek National Road 38 is a highway linking the cities of Agrinio, Karpenisi and Lamia. It is the only highway linking Agrinio and Larissa because GR-30 is narrow. The highway passes into the reservoir of the Acheloos river and into the Pindus ranges. It later passes through Karpenisi and into...
(Lamia - Karpenissi - Agrinio), around 230 km NNW of Athens
Athens
Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
and about 50 km east of Karpenissi, it overlooks the Spercheios to the north. The geography includes forests and grasslands to the south in higher elevations. Neighbouring municipalities includes Sperchiada, Makrakomi
Makrakomi
Makrakomi is a town and a municipality in the western part of the Phthiotis peripheral unit in Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Spercheiada-Geography:...
, Leianokladi
Leianokladi
Leianokladi is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. Population 3,034 . The "Athens – Lamia – Larissa – Thessaloniki" national railway line passes through Leianokladi....
, Lamia
Lamia (city)
Lamia is a city in central Greece. The city has a continuous history since antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region .-Name:...
, Gorgopotamos
Gorgopotamos
Gorgopotamos is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located 10 km southwest of Lamia. Its 2001 population was 443 for the village and 4,510 for the...
, Pavliani
Pavliani
Pavliani is a village and a former community in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. Population 574 ....
and Kallieis
Kallieis
Kallieis is a municipality in the northern part of Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Delphi, of which it is a municipal unit. Its registered population in 2001 amounted to 2,328. The seat of the municipality was Mavrolithari, which is home to...
. Phocis
Phocis
Phocis is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. It stretches from the western mountainsides of Parnassus on the east to the mountain range of Vardousia on the west, upon the Gulf of Corinth...
lies to the south. Around 3 km northwest are the famous springs which dates to the ancient times. It is around a few kilometres from the mountains.
Antiquity
In Antiquity, the city was known as Hypate or Hypata , probably a corruption of hypo Oita ' onMouseout='HidePop("44462")' href="/topics/Mount_Oeta">Mount OetaMount Oeta
Mount Oeta is a mountain to the south of Central Greece, in Greece, forming a boundary between the valleys of the Spercheius and the Boeotian Cephissus. It is an offshoot of the Pindus range, high. In its eastern portion, called Callidromus, it comes close to the sea, leaving only a narrow...
"). The city was founded in 410 BC by the Aenianians, who at the time settled in southern Phthiotis
Phthiotis
Phthiotis is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia. It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west,...
. In later times it belonged to the Amphictyony of Amphela. Herodotus
Herodotus
Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria and lived in the 5th century BC . He has been called the "Father of History", and was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a...
records the nearby hot springs, which were visited in Antiquity. The city played a role in the repulsion of the Celtic invasion of Greece
Gallic invasion of the Balkans
Gallic groups, originating from the various La Tène chiefdoms, began a south-eastern movement into the Balkan peninsula from the 4th century BC. Although Celtic settlements were concentrated in the western half of the Carpathian basin, there were notable incursions, and settlements, within the...
in 279 BC, as an assembly point for the forces of the Aetolian League
Aetolian League
The Aetolian League was a confederation of tribal communities and cities in ancient Greece centered on Aetolia in central Greece. It was established, probably during the early Hellenistic era, in opposition to Macedon and the Achaean League. Two annual meetings were held in Thermika and Panaetolika...
.
In the Roman period
Roman Greece
Roman Greece is the period of Greek history following the Roman victory over the Corinthians at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC until the reestablishment of the city of Byzantium and the naming of the city by the Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire...
, it was part of the Roman province
Roman province
In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy...
of Achaea
Achaea (Roman province)
Achaea, or Achaia, was a province of the Roman Empire, consisting of the Peloponnese, eastern Central Greece and parts of Thessaly. It bordered on the north by the provinces of Epirus vetus and Macedonia...
. Christianity arrived in the 1st century AD; tradition names St. Herodion of Patras
Herodion of Patras
Herodion of Patras was numbered among the Seventy Disciples. He was a relative of Saint Paul and bishop of Neopatras , where he suffered greatly. After beating, stoning, and stabbing him, they left him for dead, but St...
as the city's first bishop. Archaeological findings from the 2nd century AD indicate a relative prosperity during that period.
Byzantine, medieval and Ottoman eras
The city is mentioned in the 6th century by ProcopiusProcopius
Procopius of Caesarea was a prominent Byzantine scholar from Palestine. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History...
(who recorded repairs to its walls by Emperor Justinian I
Justinian I
Justinian I ; , ; 483– 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.One of the most important figures of...
) and in the Synecdemus
Synecdemus
The Synecdemus or Synekdemos is a geographic text, attributed to Hierocles, which contains a table of administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire and lists of the cities of each. The work is dated to the reign of Justinian but prior to 535, as it divides the 912 listed cities in the Empire...
. The city may have been abandoned after the Slavic invasions of the 7th century, and reappears in the 10th century under the name Neai Patrai ("New Patras") or Patrai Helladikai ("Patras in [the theme of] Hellas
Hellas (theme)
The Theme of Hellas was a Byzantine military-civilian province located in southern Greece. The theme encompassed parts of Central Greece, Thessaly and, until circa 800, the Peloponnese...
"). Until the 13th century, the city is mentioned only as an ecclesiastical center, being a metropolitan bishop
Metropolitan bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.Before the establishment of...
ric with one (10th century) and eventually twelve (12th century) suffragans.
The city played a major role in the latter 13th century, when it was the capital of the independent rulers of Thessaly
Thessaly
Thessaly is a traditional geographical region and an administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears thus in Homer's Odyssey....
like John I Doukas
John I Doukas
John I Doukas was ruler of Thessaly from c. 1268 to his death in 1289....
. The Catalan Company
Catalan Company
The Catalan Company of the East , officially the Magnas Societas Catalanorum, sometimes called the Grand Company and widely known as the Catalan Company, was a free company of mercenaries founded by Roger de Flor in the early 14th-century...
seized the city in 1319 and made it the centre of the new Duchy of Neopatria
Duchy of Neopatria
The Duchy of Neopatria or Neopatras was one of the Crusader States set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade...
, a vassal of the Duchy of Athens
Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens was one of the Crusader States set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century....
. It was one of the last remaining Catalan possessions, and fell to the Ottoman Turks
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes. Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks is scarce, but they take their Turkish name, Osmanlı , from the house of Osman I The Ottoman...
in 1394.
Under Ottoman rule
Ottoman Greece
Most of Greece gradually became part of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th century until its declaration of independence in 1821, a historical period also known as Tourkokratia ....
, the city became known as Patracık ("Little Patras"), rendered in Greek as Patratziki (Πατρατζίκι). The Turks were evicted for a time, in 1402, by Theodore Palaiologos
Theodore II Palaiologos, Lord of Morea
Theodore II Palaiologos or Palaeologus was Despot in Morea from 1407 to 1443.-Life:...
, Despot of the Morea. The Turks recovered it in 1414, the Byzantines in 1416, until it was definitively conquered by the Ottomans in 1423.
Revolutionary period
In the Greek War of IndependenceGreek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution was a successful war of independence waged by the Greek revolutionaries between...
, Ypati (Patratziki) was the scene of three battles:
- On 18 April 1821, when the Turkish-held town was attacked by the Greek rebels under Mitsos Kondogiannis, Dyovouniotis, Athanasios DiakosAthanasios DiakosAthanasios Diakos , a Greek military commander during the Greek War of Independence and a national hero, was born Athanasios Nikolaos Massavetas in the village of Ano Mousounitsa, Phocis.-Early life:...
and Bakogiannis. The garrison was defeated and negotiations for its surrender began, but the arrival of a large Turkish relief army forced the rebels to withdraw. - In May 1821, the Greek commanders Yannis Gouras, Skaltsodimos and Safakas intended to attack the town in order to halt the Ottoman advance towards LivadeiaLivadeiaLivadeia is a city in central Greece. It is the capital of the prefecture Boeotia. Livadeia is located 130 km NW of Athens, E of Nafpaktos, ESE of Amfissa and Desfina, SE of Lamia and west of Chalkida. Livadeia is linked with GR-48 and several kilometres west of GR-3. The area around Livadeia...
. Their forces however were attacked first, and although they beat back the Turkish assault, the plans to take the town were dropped. - On 2 April 1822, when the town itself was finally taken by the forces of the captains Kondogiannis, Panourgias, Skaltsas and Safakas. The castle however, with its 1,500-strong garrison, held out. A final attack against it was successful, evicting the garrison, but again the revoluionaries had to withdraw due to the arrival of Ottoman reinforcements from LamiaLamia (city)Lamia is a city in central Greece. The city has a continuous history since antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region .-Name:...
.
Ypati finally joined Greece in 1830 and revived its ancient name. The municipality of Ypati was founded on January 10, 1834.
Modern era
The town suffered during the Axis occupation: 15 inhabitants were shot as reprisals for the Gorgopotamos sabotageOperation Harling
Operation Harling was a World War II mission by the British Special Operations Executive , in cooperation with the Greek Resistance groups ELAS and EDES, which destroyed the heavily guarded Gorgopotamos viaduct in Central Greece on 25 November 1942...
in 1942, while on 14 June 1944, the Germans surrounded the town, executed 28 people and burned down 375 out of 400 buildings.
External links
| Northwest: Makrakomi Makrakomi Makrakomi is a town and a municipality in the western part of the Phthiotis peripheral unit in Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Spercheiada-Geography:... |
||
| Ypati | East: Lamia Lamia (city) Lamia is a city in central Greece. The city has a continuous history since antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region .-Name:... |
|
| South: Kallieis Kallieis Kallieis is a municipality in the northern part of Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Delphi, of which it is a municipal unit. Its registered population in 2001 amounted to 2,328. The seat of the municipality was Mavrolithari, which is home to... |
Southeast: Gorgopotamos Gorgopotamos Gorgopotamos is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located 10 km southwest of Lamia. Its 2001 population was 443 for the village and 4,510 for the... |