Yuri Baryatinsky
Encyclopedia
Yuri Nikitich Baryatinski (Russian
Юрий Никитич Барятинский; † 1685) was a Russian
knyaz
, boyar
und voyevoda from the Rurikid house of Baryatinsky.
Baryatinsky was born as a son of Nikita Petrovich Baryatinsky. Until 1653 he made a military career and served in several cities before he was sent as a diplomat to Lithuania
.
When the Russo-Polish War 1654—1667
broke out Baryatinsky was one of the military leaders on the Russian side. In 1654, in the Battle of Szkłów he defeated a Lithuanian army of Janusz Radziwill which was twice as big as his detachment, thus helping the surrender of Smolensk
. Next year he served in the Novgorodian regiment of Semyon Urusov. In 1655 he was victorious near Borisov
and defeated the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
in the battle of Brest.
In 1658, after a part of the Cossack
leadership under Ivan Vyhovsky
switched the sides and allied themselves with the Poles, Baryatinsky defeated the hetman's brother Konstantin Vyhovsky near Vasylkiv
. As a trophy, Baryatinsky captured the bulawa
of Vyhovsky which today is shown in the Kremlin Armoury
in Moscow
.
In 1659, Baryatinsky was appointed as voyevoda of Kiev
and as the right hand of Vasily Sheremetev who commanded the Russian troops there. After Sheremetev left the city with his army, Baryatinsky became the commander of the city's garrison. Sheremetev capitulated after the battle of Chudniv
and ordered Baryatinsky to withdraw from the ancient city according to his new treaty with the Poles. Baryatinsky, however, refused to do so, answering with historical words: "I only take orders from his Majesty, not from Sheremetev. There are many Sheremetev
s in Moscow!".
Baryatinsky's action served as an example for the Russian garrisons of Pereyaslav, Chernigov and other cities. At the same time, discontent began to rise in the Polish army due to missing payments, leading to widespread desertion. Baryatinsky's determined action allowed to alleviate the consequences of the Chudniv battle and to keep a significant part of Ukraine unter Russian control until the end of the war.
In 1663, Baryatinsky became an okolnichy
. In 1668, he repelled an assault of the Crimean tatars on Ryazan
In the years 1670 and 1671 he was one of the main suppressors of revolt of Stenka Razin
. As the commander of the governmental army he soundly defeated the army of Razin in he battle of Simbirsk which made Razin flee to the Don
area. After 1671 Baryatinsky lived at the court in Moscow in the rank of a boyar. In 1682 he supported the decree of Zemsky sobor
for the abolition of mestnichestvo
.
Baryatinsky had two sons: Yuri and Fyodor.
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
Юрий Никитич Барятинский; † 1685) was a Russian
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
knyaz
Knyaz
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke....
, boyar
Boyar
A boyar, or bolyar , was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscovian, Kievan Rus'ian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
und voyevoda from the Rurikid house of Baryatinsky.
Baryatinsky was born as a son of Nikita Petrovich Baryatinsky. Until 1653 he made a military career and served in several cities before he was sent as a diplomat to Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
.
When the Russo-Polish War 1654—1667
Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called Thirteen Years' War, First Northern War, War for Ukraine was the last major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Second Northern War was also fought in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,...
broke out Baryatinsky was one of the military leaders on the Russian side. In 1654, in the Battle of Szkłów he defeated a Lithuanian army of Janusz Radziwill which was twice as big as his detachment, thus helping the surrender of Smolensk
Siege of Smolensk (1654)
The Siege of Smolensk was one of the first great events of the Russo-Polish War . Smolensk , which had been under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1404-1514 and since 1611, was besieged by a Russian army in June 1654...
. Next year he served in the Novgorodian regiment of Semyon Urusov. In 1655 he was victorious near Borisov
Borisov
Borisov , or Borisova is a common Russian and Bulgarian last name and may refer to:-Borisov:*Alexander Alexeyevich Borisov , Russian painter*Alexander Fyodorovich Borisov , Soviet actor...
and defeated the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
in the battle of Brest.
In 1658, after a part of the Cossack
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
leadership under Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years of the Russo-Polish War . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky...
switched the sides and allied themselves with the Poles, Baryatinsky defeated the hetman's brother Konstantin Vyhovsky near Vasylkiv
Vasylkiv
Vasylkiv is a city located on the Stuhna River in the Kiev Oblast in central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Vasylkivskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast. A location with an over 1000 years history, it was incorporated as a...
. As a trophy, Baryatinsky captured the bulawa
Bulawa
The bulawa is a ceremonial mace or baton. The word is of Turkish origin....
of Vyhovsky which today is shown in the Kremlin Armoury
Kremlin Armoury
The Kremlin Armory is one of the oldest museums of Moscow, established in 1808 and located in the Moscow Kremlin .The Kremlin Armoury originated as the royal arsenal in 1508. Until the transfer of the court to St Petersburg, the Armoury was in charge of producing, purchasing and storing weapons,...
in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
.
In 1659, Baryatinsky was appointed as voyevoda of Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
and as the right hand of Vasily Sheremetev who commanded the Russian troops there. After Sheremetev left the city with his army, Baryatinsky became the commander of the city's garrison. Sheremetev capitulated after the battle of Chudniv
Battle of Chudniv
The battle of Chudniv took place from 14 October to 2 November 1660, between the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, allied with the Crimean Tatars, and the Tsardom of Russia, allied with the Cossaks. It ended with a decisive Polish victory, and the truce of Chudniv...
and ordered Baryatinsky to withdraw from the ancient city according to his new treaty with the Poles. Baryatinsky, however, refused to do so, answering with historical words: "I only take orders from his Majesty, not from Sheremetev. There are many Sheremetev
Sheremetev
The Sheremetev family was one of the wealthiest and most influential noble families of Russia.The family held many high commanding ranks in the Russian military, governorships and eventually the rank of Count of the Russian Empire...
s in Moscow!".
Baryatinsky's action served as an example for the Russian garrisons of Pereyaslav, Chernigov and other cities. At the same time, discontent began to rise in the Polish army due to missing payments, leading to widespread desertion. Baryatinsky's determined action allowed to alleviate the consequences of the Chudniv battle and to keep a significant part of Ukraine unter Russian control until the end of the war.
In 1663, Baryatinsky became an okolnichy
Okolnichy
Okolnichy was an old rank and a position at the court of Moscow rulers from the Mongol invasion of Rus' until the government reform undertaken by Peter the Great...
. In 1668, he repelled an assault of the Crimean tatars on Ryazan
Ryazan
Ryazan is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Oka River southeast of Moscow. Population: The strategic bomber base Dyagilevo is just west of the city, and the air base of Alexandrovo is to the southeast as is the Ryazan Turlatovo Airport...
In the years 1670 and 1671 he was one of the main suppressors of revolt of Stenka Razin
Stenka Razin
Stepan Timofeyevich Razin Тимофеевич Разин, ; 1630 – ) was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and Tsar's bureaucracy in South Russia.-Early life:...
. As the commander of the governmental army he soundly defeated the army of Razin in he battle of Simbirsk which made Razin flee to the Don
Don River (Russia)
The Don River is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast of Moscow, and flows for a distance of about 1,950 kilometres to the Sea of Azov....
area. After 1671 Baryatinsky lived at the court in Moscow in the rank of a boyar. In 1682 he supported the decree of Zemsky sobor
Zemsky Sobor
The zemsky sobor was the first Russian parliament of the feudal Estates type, in the 16th and 17th centuries. The term roughly means assembly of the land. It could be summoned either by tsar, or patriarch, or the Boyar Duma...
for the abolition of mestnichestvo
Mestnichestvo
In Russian history, Mestnichestvo was a feudal hierarchical system in Russia from the 15th to 17th centuries. Mestnichestvo revolved around a simple principle: the boyar who estimated that his origins were more ancient and his personal services to the tsar more valuable could claim a higher state...
.
Baryatinsky had two sons: Yuri and Fyodor.