Zarnowiec
Encyclopedia
Żarnowiec ż is a village
in the administrative district of Gmina Krokowa
, within Puck County
, Pomeranian Voivodeship
, in northern Poland. It lies close to Żarnowieckie Lake, approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Krokowa
, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Puck
, and 59 km (37 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk
. In 2005 the village had a population of 861.
Żarnowiec was the location for the first Polish nuclear power plant
(Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant
), but construction was stopped in 1990 due to protests of the local population and lack of funds. Recently, the construction plans are being reconsidered.
: the inhabitants were apparently linked with the Lusatian
and East Pomeranian
cultures. There was a settlement near the Żarnowiec lake from the seventh to the tenth century AD. A village known alternately as Sarnkow, Sarnowitz, Sarnowicz or Czarnowicz is first mentioned in sources dating from the thirteenth century, when it was inhabited by the Kashubians
.
In 1215, Żarnowiec belonged to the Cistercian order based in Oliwa
Abbey, which founded a monastery for women there. In 1297 the monastery received special economic and juridical privileges from Mściwój II, Duke of Pomerania.
In fourteenth century Żarnowiec, together with all of Pomerelia
was incorporated by the Teutonic Order
. In 1433, it was raided by a Hussite
army. In 1462, during the Thirteen Years' War, the Polish army under Piotr Dunin
defeated the Teutonic Knights there (see Battle of Świecino
, also known as the Battle of Żarnowiec). After the war Żarnowiec became a part of Royal Prussia
(Prusy Królewskie).
In 1590 it was taken over by a female order of Benedictines from Chełmno, who founded an abbey there in 1617. In 1772, after the first partition of Poland
, it was taken over by Prussia
, and in 1834 the abbey was liquidated. It was refounded in 1946 by a female order of Benedictines from Vilnius
.
The American writer Joel Barlow
(1754-1812) died here on December 26, 1812, while fleeing Russian forces pursuing remnants of the French army after Napoleon's unsuccessful invasion of Russia.
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
in the administrative district of Gmina Krokowa
Gmina Krokowa
Gmina Krokowa is a rural gmina in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Krokowa, which lies approximately north-west of Puck and north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk....
, within Puck County
Puck County
Puck County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Puck, which...
, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship, or Pomerania Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in north-central Poland. It comprises most of Pomerelia , as well as an area east of the Vistula River...
, in northern Poland. It lies close to Żarnowieckie Lake, approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Krokowa
Krokowa
Krokowa is a village in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Krokowa. It lies approximately north-west of Puck and north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk....
, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Puck
Puck, Poland
Puck is a town in northwestern Poland with 11,350 inhabitants. It is in Gdańsk Pomerania on the south coast of the Baltic Sea . Previously in the Gdańsk Voivodeship , Puck has been the capital of Puck County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999.-History:The settlement became a marketplace...
, and 59 km (37 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
. In 2005 the village had a population of 861.
Żarnowiec was the location for the first Polish nuclear power plant
Zarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant
The Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant was supposed to be the first nuclear power plant in Poland. Due to changes in the economical and political situation in Poland after 1989, as well as public protests in the late 1980s and early '90s which escalated in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster, the...
(Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant
Zarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant
The Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant was supposed to be the first nuclear power plant in Poland. Due to changes in the economical and political situation in Poland after 1989, as well as public protests in the late 1980s and early '90s which escalated in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster, the...
), but construction was stopped in 1990 due to protests of the local population and lack of funds. Recently, the construction plans are being reconsidered.
History
The earliest evidence of settlement in the region dates from the 8th century BC8th century BC
The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.-Overview:The 8th century BC was a period of great changes in civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties led to rule from Nubia in the 25th Dynasty...
: the inhabitants were apparently linked with the Lusatian
Lusatian culture
The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age in most of today's Poland, parts of Czech Republic and Slovakia, parts of eastern Germany and parts of Ukraine...
and East Pomeranian
Pomeranian culture
The Pomeranian culture, also Pomeranian or Pomerelian Face Urn culture was an Iron Age culture in Pomerania, northern Poland. About 650 BC, it evolved from the Lusatian culture, often associated with the Nordic Bronze Age, and subsequently expanded southward...
cultures. There was a settlement near the Żarnowiec lake from the seventh to the tenth century AD. A village known alternately as Sarnkow, Sarnowitz, Sarnowicz or Czarnowicz is first mentioned in sources dating from the thirteenth century, when it was inhabited by the Kashubians
Kashubians
Kashubians/Kaszubians , also called Kashubs, Kashubes, Kaszubians, Kassubians or Cassubians, are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, north-central Poland. Their settlement area is referred to as Kashubia ....
.
In 1215, Żarnowiec belonged to the Cistercian order based in Oliwa
Oliwa
Oliwa, also Oliva is one of the quarters of Gdańsk. From east it borders Przymorze and Żabianka, from the north Sopot and from the south with the districts of Strzyża, VII Dwór and Brętowo, while from the west with Matarnia and Osowa...
Abbey, which founded a monastery for women there. In 1297 the monastery received special economic and juridical privileges from Mściwój II, Duke of Pomerania.
In fourteenth century Żarnowiec, together with all of Pomerelia
Pomerelia
Pomerelia is a historical region in northern Poland. Pomerelia lay in eastern Pomerania: on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea and west of the Vistula and its delta. The area centered on the city of Gdańsk at the mouth of the Vistula...
was incorporated by the Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...
. In 1433, it was raided by a Hussite
Hussite
The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus , who became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation...
army. In 1462, during the Thirteen Years' War, the Polish army under Piotr Dunin
Piotr Dunin
Piotr Dunin was a Polish leader. Starost of Malbork 1478–1484, castellan of Sieradz from 1478, voivode of Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship from 1481....
defeated the Teutonic Knights there (see Battle of Świecino
Battle of Swiecino
The Battle of Świecino also called the Battle of Żarnowiec or in German Battle of Schwetz, took place on September 17, 1462 during the Thirteen Years' War...
, also known as the Battle of Żarnowiec). After the war Żarnowiec became a part of Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia was a Region of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . Polish Prussia included Pomerelia, Chełmno Land , Malbork Voivodeship , Gdańsk , Toruń , and Elbląg . It is distinguished from Ducal Prussia...
(Prusy Królewskie).
In 1590 it was taken over by a female order of Benedictines from Chełmno, who founded an abbey there in 1617. In 1772, after the first partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
, it was taken over by Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
, and in 1834 the abbey was liquidated. It was refounded in 1946 by a female order of Benedictines from Vilnius
Vilnius
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...
.
The American writer Joel Barlow
Joel Barlow
Joel Barlow was an American poet, diplomat and politician. In his own time, Barlow was well-known for the epic Vision of Columbus. Modern readers may be more familiar with "The Hasty Pudding"...
(1754-1812) died here on December 26, 1812, while fleeing Russian forces pursuing remnants of the French army after Napoleon's unsuccessful invasion of Russia.