Zavod Imeni Likhacheva
Encyclopedia
Zavod imeni Likhachova, more commonly called ZIL (or ZiL, Russian: Завод имени Лихачёва (ЗиЛ)—Likhachev Factory, literally "Factory named after Likhachov") is a major Russian truck and heavy equipment manufacturer, which also produced armored cars for most Soviet
leaders, as well as buses, armored fighting vehicles, and aerosani. The company also produces hand-built limousine
s and high-end luxury sedans (автомобиль представительского класса, also translated as "luxury vehicle") in extremely low quantities, primarily for the Russian government. ZIL passenger cars are priced at the equivalent of models from Maybach
and Rolls-Royce, but are largely unknown outside the CIS
and production rarely exceeds a dozen cars per year.
F-15 1.5 ton trucks under license. Because of the October Revolution
and the subsequent Russian Civil War
it took until 1 November 1924 to produce the first vehicle, the AMO-F-15. In 1931 the factory was re-equipped and expanded with the help of the U.S. A.J. Brandt Co., changed its name to Automotive Factory No. 2 Zavod Imeni Stalina (ZIS or ZiS). After Nikita Khrushchev
denounced the cult of personality
of Joseph Stalin
in 1956, the name was changed again to Zavod Imeni Likhacheva, after its former director Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
leaders, as well as buses, armored fighting vehicles, and aerosani. The company also produces hand-built limousine
Limousine
A limousine is a luxury sedan or saloon car, especially one with a lengthened wheelbase or driven by a chauffeur. The chassis of a limousine may have been extended by the manufacturer or by an independent coachbuilder. These are called "stretch" limousines and are traditionally black or white....
s and high-end luxury sedans (автомобиль представительского класса, also translated as "luxury vehicle") in extremely low quantities, primarily for the Russian government. ZIL passenger cars are priced at the equivalent of models from Maybach
Maybach
Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH is a German luxury car manufacturer. It was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son. The company was originally a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH and was itself known as Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH until 1912.Today, the ultra-luxury car brand is owned by...
and Rolls-Royce, but are largely unknown outside the CIS
Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States is a regional organization whose participating countries are former Soviet Republics, formed during the breakup of the Soviet Union....
and production rarely exceeds a dozen cars per year.
History
The factory was founded in 1916 as Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo (AMO, Russian Автомобильное Московское Общество (АМО)—Moscow Automotive Enterprise). The plans were to produce FiatFiat
FIAT, an acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino , is an Italian automobile manufacturer, engine manufacturer, financial, and industrial group based in Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors including Giovanni Agnelli...
F-15 1.5 ton trucks under license. Because of the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
and the subsequent Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
it took until 1 November 1924 to produce the first vehicle, the AMO-F-15. In 1931 the factory was re-equipped and expanded with the help of the U.S. A.J. Brandt Co., changed its name to Automotive Factory No. 2 Zavod Imeni Stalina (ZIS or ZiS). After Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
denounced the cult of personality
Cult of personality
A cult of personality arises when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods, to create an idealized and heroic public image, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. Cults of personality are usually associated with dictatorships...
of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
in 1956, the name was changed again to Zavod Imeni Likhacheva, after its former director Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev.
Limousines
- ZIS-101ZIS-101ZIS-101 was a limousine from Zavod Imeni Stalina. The 101 was introduced in 1936 and was equipped with an straight-8 engine producing and giving a top speed of . The car was inspired by Packard designs of the time...
(1936) - ZIS-102
- ZIS-110ZIS-110ZIS-110 was a limousine from ZIL introduced in 1946. The 110 was developed from the reverse engineering of a 1942 Packard Super Eight during 1944. The first 5 prototypes were completed by August 1945. It was powered by a 6 litre, 8 cylinder engine producing and giving a top speed of over...
(1942) - ZIS-115ZIS-115The ZIS-115 is a Russian-built armored version of the ZIS-110, designed and built especially for Stalin. The heavily armored car weighed over 8 tons, windows were powered by a hydraulic system....
(armored version of ZIS-110) - ZIL-111ZIL-111After unsuccessful tests with the prototype ZIL-Moscow in 1956 the ZIL-111 was introduced from ZIL in 1959. The styling was inspired by the mid-1950s Packard, a United States automobile manufacturer...
(1958) - ZIL-114ZIL-114ZIL-114 is a car from ZIL introduced in 1970 to replace the ZIL-111 series which was gradually becoming out of date.In almost all respects, the ZIL-114 improved on the 111, 111A and 111G models...
(1967) - ZIL-115ZIL-115The ZIL-115 is an armor-plated, Russian-built limousine, produced in the early 1970s by ZiL. It was primarily used by mainly Russian dignitaries on foreign visits and army officers. It was a strongly armored vehicle which would need a .303-caliber round to penetrate any metalwork or windows. The...
(1972) - ZIL-117ZIL-117The ZIL-117 is a luxury sedan built by ZiL in Russia first presented at the Autopron in 1977. The car was reported to be only long, compared to for the established ZIL-114The ZIL-117 shares the 6.9 litre V8 engine by now fitted also to the earlier long-wheelbase ZIL-114...
(1977, shortened ZIL-114) - ZIL-4102ZIL-4102ZIL-4102 was a front-wheel drive saloon developed by the Soviet auto maker ZIL in 1987 on the highly successful ZIL-41041 platform. The first 4102 prototype was rolled off the production line in 1987 with two more following in 1989 and the final one in late 1990/early 1991...
(prototype, 1988) - ZIL-4104ZIL-4104The ZIL-4104 was a limousine built from the late 1970s to the late 1980s, when it served as the transport of the elite of the Soviet Union. So much status did the car have that, although it is estimated that no more than fifty cars were produced each year, ZIL 4104s were granted exclusive use of...
(1978) - ZIL-41041ZIL-41047ZIL-41047 is a limousine built by ZIL of Russia. Production of ZIL models ceased in 2002 due to their previous customer base turning to more modern Western vehicles.-Description:...
(1985, five-seat version of ZIL-41047) - ZIL-41047ZIL-41047ZIL-41047 is a limousine built by ZIL of Russia. Production of ZIL models ceased in 2002 due to their previous customer base turning to more modern Western vehicles.-Description:...
(1985) - ZIL-4105ZIL-41047ZIL-41047 is a limousine built by ZIL of Russia. Production of ZIL models ceased in 2002 due to their previous customer base turning to more modern Western vehicles.-Description:...
(1988, armored version of ZIL-41047) - ZIL-4112
Trucks
- AMO-F-15 (1924, copies of the Fiat F-15)
- AMO-2 (1930)
- AMO-3 (1931)
- AMO-4 (1932)
- AMO-7 (1932)
- ZIS-5ZiS-5 (truck)The ZIS-5 was a 4x2 Soviet truck produced by Moscow ZIS factory from October 1933 on. It was an almost identical copy of the American Autocar Model CA truck.-Development:...
, ZIS-6ZIS-6The ZIS-6 is a Soviet general purpose 6×4 army cargo truck, a three-axle version of the ZIS-5 two-axle truck. It was built from 1933 until October 1941 at the Moscow Zavod imeni Stalina factory and reached a total production of 21,239....
(1934, copies of the U.S. AutocarAutocar CompanyThe Autocar Company is a Hagerstown, Indiana specialist manufacturer of cabover vocational trucks, mainly for refuse applications. Started in 1899 in Ardmore, Pennsylvania as a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles, and from 1907, trucks. The last cars were produced in 1912, but the company...
2 10-cwt truck) - ZIS-10 (1934, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-5)
- ZIS-11 (1934, extra long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
- ZIS-12 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
- ZIS-14 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
- ZIS-15 (prototype, 1939)
- ZIS-21 (1939-1941, based on ZIS-5 but powered by wood gas)
- ZIS-22 (Halftrack, 1939-1941, based on the ZIS-5)
- ZIS-32 (1941, 4x4 version of the ZIS-5)
- ZIS-33 (1940, halftrack, based on the ZIS-5)
- ZIS-42 (Halftrack, 1942-1944, based on the ZIS-5)
- ZIS-128
- ZIS-150ZIS-150The ZIS-150 was a Soviet truck. In 1947 it replaced the ZIS-5 on assembly line. ZIS-150 together with GAZ-51 was the main Soviet truck of '50s, judging by their quantity. The cabin of ZIS-150 was similar with the cabin of International Harvester KR11 truck. A tractor-trailer version of the...
(1947) - ZIS-156 (1947)
- ZIS-151ZiS-151The ZiS-151 is a general-purpose truck, produced by the Soviet Union in 1947–65, at Automotive Factory No. 2 Zavod imeni Stalina. In 1956, the factory was renamed Zavod imeni Likhacheva, and new trucks were called ZiL-151 ....
(1948) - ZIS-120N (1956)
- ZIS-253 (prototype)
- ZIS-585 (1947)
- ZIL-164 (1957)
- ZIL-157ZIL-157The ZIL-157 is a general purpose 2.5 ton 6x6 truck, produced in post-WW2 Soviet Russia.The ZIL-157 was the standard Soviet truck until it was replaced by the ZIL-131 and Ural-375D series whose became the standard Soviet army trucks alongside with GAZ-66. The People's Liberation Army also produced...
(1958) - ZIL-130ZIL-130ZIL-130 is a Soviet/Russian truck designed and developed by ZIL, Moscow, Russia. It replaced the older ZIL-164. First prototypes were built in 1958. Produced since 1962, mass produced since 1964. Was one of the most popular cargo trucks in the USSR and Russia, in total ZIL made 3,380,000 up to 1994...
(1964) - ZIL-131ZIL 131The ZIL-131 is a general purpose 3.5 tons 6x6 army truck designed in the Soviet Union, the basic model being a general cargo truck. Variants include a tractor-trailer truck, a dump truck, a fuel truck, and a 6x6 for towing a 4-wheeled powered trailer...
(1967) - ZIL 170(1969)-prototype for KAMAZKamazKAMAZ is a Russian truck manufacturer located in Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan, Russian Federation. KAMAZ opened their doors in 1976...
es. - ZIL 175(1969)-prototype for KAMAZKamazKAMAZ is a Russian truck manufacturer located in Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan, Russian Federation. KAMAZ opened their doors in 1976...
es. - ZIL-133 (1975)
- ZIL-135ZIL-135The ZIL-135 is a large, 8 wheeled military transport and self-propelled artillery truck produced in the Cold War by the Soviet Union starting in 1966. Its purpose was to carry and launch an artillery missile, specifically a FROG-7, from surface-to-surface...
(1966) - ZIL-4331
- ZIL-5301 "Bychok" ("Bully") (1992)
- ZIL-6404 (1996)
- ZIL-6309 (1999)
- ZIL-6409 (1999)
- ZIL-433180 (2003)
- ZIL-432930 (2003)
- ZIL-4327 (2004?)
- ZIL-4334 (2004)
Buses
- AMO-4 (1932-1934, based on the AMO-3)
- ZIS-lux (prototype, 1934)
- ZIS-8 (1934-1938, based on the ZIS-5)
- ZIS-16 (1938-1942, based on the ZIS-5)
- ZIS-17 (prototype, 1939)
- ZIS-154 (1946–1950)
- ZIS-155 (1949–1957)
- ZIL-127 (1956-1960)
- ZIL-158 (1957-1961)
- ZIL-118 "Yunost" (1967)
- ZIL-3250 (1998)
Sport and racing cars
- ZIS-101 Sport (1939)
- ZIS-112/1 (1951)
- ZIS-112/2 (1956)
- ZIS-112/3 (1956)
- ZIL-112/4 (1958)
- ZIL-112 SportsZIL-112 SportsZIL-112 Sports was a sports car made by Zavod Imeni Likhacheva between 1960 and 1962. The 112S initiated a number of firsts for cars produced in the Soviet Union such as controlled slip differential, disc brakes, radial-ply tires etc...
(1960–62) - ZIL-412 S (1962)
Misc
- B-3 half-tracked transporter
- ZIS-152BTR-152The BTR-152 was a non-amphibious Soviet wheeled armored personnel carrier that entered Soviet service in 1950. By the early 1970s it had been replaced in the infantry vehicle role by the BTR-60...
armored personnel carrier - ZIL-485BAV 485The ZiS-485, army designation BAV , is a Soviet amphibious transport, similar to the DUKW....
amphibious truckAmphibious vehicleAn amphibious vehicle , is a vehicle or craft, that is a means of transport, viable on land as well as on water – just like an amphibian....
(1951) - ZIL-4904 Screw Vehicle Amphibious (1972)
- ZIL-4906 amphibious vehicle
- ZIL-41041 sedan
- ZIL-41047ZIL-41047ZIL-41047 is a limousine built by ZIL of Russia. Production of ZIL models ceased in 2002 due to their previous customer base turning to more modern Western vehicles.-Description:...
limousineLimousineA limousine is a luxury sedan or saloon car, especially one with a lengthened wheelbase or driven by a chauffeur. The chassis of a limousine may have been extended by the manufacturer or by an independent coachbuilder. These are called "stretch" limousines and are traditionally black or white.... - ZIL-4102ZIL-4102ZIL-4102 was a front-wheel drive saloon developed by the Soviet auto maker ZIL in 1987 on the highly successful ZIL-41041 platform. The first 4102 prototype was rolled off the production line in 1987 with two more following in 1989 and the final one in late 1990/early 1991...
prototype saloon - ZIL-E-167ZIL-E-167ZIL-E-167 is an off-road truck.This truck was designed in the beginning of 1960’s. It was designed to withstand difficult conditions in Siberia, Urals and far east and northern territories of Soviet Union...
all-terrain vehicle
See also
- Soviet Artillery Factory No. 92 was also named Zavod imeni Stalina (ZiS)
- GM "old-look" transit bus: Soviet versions (ZIS-154 & ZIS-155)
External links
- http://www.bert-hein.de All about the ZIS-110 and database of existing ZIS cars
- Official web-site of ZIL
- History of ZIL at ukcar.com
- History of ZIL at digilander.libero.it
- English website for Russian Military Trucks History of ZIL at avtomash.ru