Zhang Lingyun
Encyclopedia
Zhang Lingyun or Chang Ling-yun, 张凌云, (1895-1946), was a General in the Chinese Army during the Warlord era
and Second Sino-Japanese War
.
Zhang Lingyun was a Northwestern Army
officer under the warlord Feng Yuxiang
. After the Central Plains War
Fengs forces were dispersed. When Feng made a comeback organizing the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army
in 1933 Zhang like many other former Northwestern Army soldiers joined it. He was made the General commanding 6th Corps of the Anti Japanese Army. When the Anti Japanese army was dispersed in August 1933 Song Zheyuan
made him Baochang
Garrison Commander in Chahar. In September 1933, he assisted Fu Zuoyi
against some of his former comrades, pursuing and blocking them east of Ertaizi
, Suiyuan when they attempted to move west to Ningxia
via Suiyuan, forcing them east to join Fang Zhenwu
at Dushikou
.
By the outbreak of war with Japan Zhang was with the 37th Division and served in the early campaigns of the Second Sino-Japanese War
in North China. In August 1937 Zhang had become commander of the 37th Division succeeding Feng Chian
. Under his command 37th Division fought in the Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation
from August 1937 to Mid August 1937 under 77th Corps of 1st Army Group. His Division was involved in the Tianjin–Pukou Railway Operation
for a short time in September and then returned to fighting in the other operation until January 1938. Also he was in the Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan. For some time he was not in command of 37th Division During the Battle of Xuzhou
but was back in command for the Battle of Wuhan
.
Warlord era
The Chinese Warlord Era was the period in the history of the Republic of China, from 1916 to 1928, when the country was divided among military cliques, a division that continued until the fall of the Nationalist government in the mainland China regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia,...
and Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
.
Zhang Lingyun was a Northwestern Army
Guominjun
The Guominjun , a.k.a Nationalist Army, KMC, or Northwest Army , refers to the military faction founded by Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue during China's Warlord Era. It was formed when Feng betrayed the Zhili clique during the Second Zhili-Fengtian War with the Fengtian clique in 1924...
officer under the warlord Feng Yuxiang
Feng Yuxiang
Feng Yuxiang was a warlord and leader in Republican China. He was also known as the Christian General for his zeal to convert his troops and the Betrayal General for his penchant to break with the establishment. In 1911, he was an officer in the ranks of Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army but joined...
. After the Central Plains War
Central Plains War
Central Plains War was a civil war within the factionalised Kuomintang that broke out in 1930. It was fought between the forces of Chiang Kai-shek and the coalition of three military commanders who had previously allied with Chiang: Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, and Li Zongren...
Fengs forces were dispersed. When Feng made a comeback organizing the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army
Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army
The Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army consisted mostly of former Northwestern Army units under Feng Yuxiang, troops from Fang Zhenwu's Resisting Japan and Saving China Army, remnants of the provincial forces from Jehol, Anti-Japanese volunteers from Manchuria and local forces from Chahar and Suiyuan...
in 1933 Zhang like many other former Northwestern Army soldiers joined it. He was made the General commanding 6th Corps of the Anti Japanese Army. When the Anti Japanese army was dispersed in August 1933 Song Zheyuan
Song Zheyuan
Sòng Zhéyuán was a Chinese general during the Chinese Civil War and Sino-Japanese War .- Early life and education :...
made him Baochang
Baochang
Baochang is a small town, and the administrative center of the Taibus Banner in the Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It was the county seat of Bǎochāng County when it was part of the former Chahar province.-External links:...
Garrison Commander in Chahar. In September 1933, he assisted Fu Zuoyi
Fu Zuoyi
Fu Zuoyi was a Chinese military leader. He began his military career in the service of Yan Xishan, and he was widely praised for his defense of Suiyuan from the Japanese. During the final stages of the Chinese Civil War, Fu surrendered the large and strategic garrison around Beiping to Communist...
against some of his former comrades, pursuing and blocking them east of Ertaizi
Ertaizi
Ertaizi is a town in Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia, China. Formerly a walled town called Erh-t’ai-tzu and located in Suiyuan province....
, Suiyuan when they attempted to move west to Ningxia
Ningxia
Ningxia, formerly transliterated as Ningsia, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Located in Northwest China, on the Loess Plateau, the Yellow River flows through this vast area of land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary...
via Suiyuan, forcing them east to join Fang Zhenwu
Fang Zhenwu
Fang Zhenwu was a Chinese military officer in the early twentieth century.-Biography:Fang was born in 1885 in Shou County, Lu'an, Anhui province, in the Empire of China. He took part in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and joined the revolutionary New Army in Shanghai...
at Dushikou
Dushikou
Dushikou is a town in northern Chicheng County, Hebei, China, located about 120km northeast of Zhangjiakou. Dushikou is an ancient town, first built in the Tang Dynasty. It still contains stone paved streets and old buildings. It is located at one of the passes in the Great Wall for which it is...
.
By the outbreak of war with Japan Zhang was with the 37th Division and served in the early campaigns of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
in North China. In August 1937 Zhang had become commander of the 37th Division succeeding Feng Chian
Feng Chian
Feng Chian 冯治安, or Feng Chih-an, , Chinese Nationalist Lieutenant-General during the Second Sino-Japanese WarFrom 1931 to 1937 he was the general commanding 37th Division and in 1936 was made...
. Under his command 37th Division fought in the Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation
Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation
The Japanese 京漢線作戦 or Peiking–Hankou Railway Operation was a follow up operation to the Peiking Tientsin Operation of the Japanese army in North China at the beginning of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese advanced to the south along the Peiking - Hankou Railway toward the Yellow River.....
from August 1937 to Mid August 1937 under 77th Corps of 1st Army Group. His Division was involved in the Tianjin–Pukou Railway Operation
Tianjin–Pukou Railway Operation
The Japanese 津浦線作戦 or Tientsin–Pukow Railway Operation was a follow up operation to the Peiking Tientsin Operation of the Japanese army in North China at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese advanced following the line of the Tianjin-Pukou Railway to the Yellow River....
for a short time in September and then returned to fighting in the other operation until January 1938. Also he was in the Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan. For some time he was not in command of 37th Division During the Battle of Xuzhou
Battle of Xuzhou
The Battle of Xuzhou was fought between Japanese and Chinese forces in May 1938 during Second Sino-Japanese War. In contemporary accounts in English, the event was usually referred to as the "Battle of Hsuchow", using the Chinese Postal Map Romanization....
but was back in command for the Battle of Wuhan
Battle of Wuhan
The Battle of Wuhan, popularly known to the Chinese as the Defence of Wuhan, and to the Japanese as the Capture of Wuhan, was a large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War...
.
Sources
- Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
- 中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 (China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations)
- Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
- Jiangsu People's Publishing House
- Date published : 2005-7-1
- ISBN 7-214-03034-9
- Online in Chinese: http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm
External links
- Xiangcheng City Government Website: 张凌云
- zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/宋哲元: 张凌云