Zhanjiang
Encyclopedia
Zhanjiang formerly known as Tsamkong, Tsankiang, Fort-Bayard, and Kwang-Chou-Wan
, is a prefecture-level city
at the southwestern end of Guangdong
province of Southern China
, facing the island of Hainan
to the south.
Its population is 6,993,304 inhabitants at the 2010 census. 1,400,685 live in the built up area made of 4 urban districts (Chikan
, Xiashan, Potou and Mazhang)
on an inlet of the South China Sea
. It is located on the eastern coast of the Leizhou Peninsula
. The dialect in downtown districts is Cantonese, while the people in most counties speak Hai'nan dialect (or Leizhou dialect as referred locally). The dialect in Lianjiang County is Hahka.
(221BC–206BC), the area of today's belonged to Xiang Shire and the central government of the Han Dynasty (206BC–220AD) set Xuwen County administering the whole Leizhou Peninsular. It was one of the earliest departure points on the Marine Silk Road. The population spiked during the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties.
The region was still a small fishing port when it was occupied by the French
in 1898. The next year, the French forced the Chinese to lease a small enclave of Zhanjiang to them for 99 years as the territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan
. The French wanted to develop the port, which they called Fort-Bayard, to serve southern China, in parts of which France had exclusive rights to railway and mineral development. Their efforts, however, were hindered by the poverty of the surrounding land. The French retained control of the region until 1943, when the Japan
ese occupied the area during World War II
. At the end of the war the region returned briefly under French rule before being formally returned to China in 1946 by the general De Gaulle
, then French head of state.
Following the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, Zhanjiang developed new importance. In 1955 a rail link was built to Litang in Guangxi
province, where it joined the Hunan-Guangxi Railway. Since then, Zhanjiang has developed into a major modern port serving southern China, usable by ships of up to 50,000 tons. In 1984 Zhanjiang was designated one of the “open” cities of China, where the central government invited foreign investment; this spurred the city’s further industrial development. It has shipyards and engineering works; automobile, electrical-appliance, and textile plants; and sugar refineries, flour and rice mills, and chemical works. In the early 1990s a new rail line was completed, linking Zhanjiang with Guangzhou
, the provincial capital. The line was later extended to Hai’an, at the southernmost tip of Leizhou Peninsula
, where trains could be transported by ferry across the Hainan Strait to Haikou
.
Until the introduction of Pinyin
spelling, it was often known in the west as "Tsamkong" due to the Cantonese pronunciation of the name.
of the People's Liberation Army Navy
. It is also home base to two marine brigades.
It was the first self-designed and domestically built modern deep water port
of China.
It is a seaport and trade center with a diversified industrial base, including the shipyard
, textile plants, and sugar
refining.
Akoya cultured pearls,pineapples,bananas,papayas,seafood,raised prawns,fish are native products.
economy to make a breakthrough, a marked increase in the number of units. Zhanjiang in 2007 of all industrial output value of 112.134 billion yuan, up 17.1 percent, a growth rate of nearly 4-year high of 15.3 billion net increase over the previous year.
In 2007 the city's industrial enterprises above designated size reached 714, 71 more than last year, industrial output value of over a hundred million of the 132 enterprises.
The zone was founded in 1984. Its total planned area is 9.2 square kilometers. It is located in Zhanjiang. The zone has a very good location for transportation. It is very convenient to get to the airport, the national highway G325 as well as the port. The major industries in the zone including automobile assembly, biotechnology and computer software.
is located in the southernmost tip of mainland China's Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, the east port of the South China Sea, north of Hainan Island, the north west Bay. People's Republic of China
after the establishment of their own design and construction of the first modern port, China and Southeast Asia, Australia, European countries bordering the Indian Ocean and the shortest journey between the port's foreign trade.
In addition the sea and the sky dragon, Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, Cape Reservoir is well-known tourist attractions, distinctive.
with: Serpukhov
(Russia
) Marikina (Philippines
) Cairns (Australia
)
Kwang-Chou-Wan
Kwang-Chou-Wan was a small enclave on the south coast of China ceded by Qing China to France as a leased territory, and ruled by France as an outlier of French Indo-China...
, is a prefecture-level city
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
at the southwestern end of Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
province of Southern China
South Central China
South Central China is a region of the People's Republic of China defined by governmental bureaus that includes the provinces of Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, and Hunan, and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, however excluding the 2 special administrative regions : Hong Kong and...
, facing the island of Hainan
Hainan
Hainan is the smallest province of the People's Republic of China . Although the province comprises some two hundred islands scattered among three archipelagos off the southern coast, of its land mass is Hainan Island , from which the province takes its name...
to the south.
Its population is 6,993,304 inhabitants at the 2010 census. 1,400,685 live in the built up area made of 4 urban districts (Chikan
Chikan
Chikan may refer to:* Chikan , a style of embroidery, common in India* Chikan, a Japanese word for public molestation or the person who commits such an act. Frequently used to refer to groping, often on crowded Japanese trains....
, Xiashan, Potou and Mazhang)
Administration
Zhanjiang has direct juridiction over 9 county-level divisions:| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City proper | |||||||
| 1 | Chikan District Chikan District Chikan District is a district of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Zhanjiang city.... |
赤坎区 | Chìkǎn Qū | 220,000 | 79 | 2,785 | |
| 2 | Xiashan District Xiashan District Xiashan District is a district of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Zhanjiang city.... |
霞山区 | Xiáshān Qū | 360,000 | 88 | 4,091 | |
| Suburban | |||||||
| 3 | Potou District Potou District Potou District is a district of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Zhanjiang city.... |
坡头区 | Pōtóu Qū | 380,000 | 424 | 896 | |
| 4 | Mazhang District Mazhang District Mazhang District is a district of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Zhanjiang city.... |
麻章区 | Mázhāng Qū | 470,000 | 769 | 611 | |
| Satellite cities | |||||||
| 5 | Wuchuan City Wuchuan Wuchuan may refer to:*Wuchuan City, in Guangdong, China*Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia, in China*Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County, in Guizhou, China... |
吴川市 | Wúchuān Shì | 1,010,000 | 848 | 1,191 | |
| 6 | Lianjiang City Lianjiang, Guangdong Lianjiang is a County-level city in the municipal region of Zhanjiang, Guangdong.The city is bordered on the east by Maoming Municipality ; on the south by Wuchuan City , Beitou District and Suixi County , all in Zhanjiang; on the west by Anpugang Harbour and Beihai, in Guangxi Province; and on... |
廉江市 | Liánjiāng Shì | 1,510,000 | 2,835 | 533 | |
| 7 | Leizhou City Leizhou Leizhou City is a county-level city in Guangdong province, in southern China.It is under the jurisdiction of Zhanjiang prefecture-level city.-See also:* Leizhou dialect... |
雷州市 | Léizhōu Shì | 1,510,000 | 3,523 | 429 | |
| Rural | |||||||
| 8 | Suixi County | 遂溪县 | Suíxī Xiàn | 990,000 | 2,144 | 462 | |
| 9 | Xuwen County Xuwen County Xuwen County is a county of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Zhanjiang city. It is the southernmost county of Guangdong Province.... |
徐闻县 | Xúwén Xiàn | 690,000 | 1954.37 | 382 | |
Geography
Zhanjiang is located to the southwest of the city of GuangzhouGuangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
on an inlet of the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...
. It is located on the eastern coast of the Leizhou Peninsula
Leizhou Peninsula
The Leizhou Peninsula or Leizhou Bandao is a peninsula in the southernmost part of Guangdong province in southern China.-Geography:Leizhou Peninsula is the third largest peninsula in China with an area of of circa 8,500 square kilometer located on the southwestern end of Guangdong, with the Gulf...
. The dialect in downtown districts is Cantonese, while the people in most counties speak Hai'nan dialect (or Leizhou dialect as referred locally). The dialect in Lianjiang County is Hahka.
History
During the Qin DynastyQin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...
(221BC–206BC), the area of today's belonged to Xiang Shire and the central government of the Han Dynasty (206BC–220AD) set Xuwen County administering the whole Leizhou Peninsular. It was one of the earliest departure points on the Marine Silk Road. The population spiked during the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties.
The region was still a small fishing port when it was occupied by the French
French colonial empire
The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule primarily from the 17th century to the late 1960s. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the colonial empire of France was the second-largest in the world behind the British Empire. The French colonial empire...
in 1898. The next year, the French forced the Chinese to lease a small enclave of Zhanjiang to them for 99 years as the territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan
Kwang-Chou-Wan
Kwang-Chou-Wan was a small enclave on the south coast of China ceded by Qing China to France as a leased territory, and ruled by France as an outlier of French Indo-China...
. The French wanted to develop the port, which they called Fort-Bayard, to serve southern China, in parts of which France had exclusive rights to railway and mineral development. Their efforts, however, were hindered by the poverty of the surrounding land. The French retained control of the region until 1943, when the Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese occupied the area during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. At the end of the war the region returned briefly under French rule before being formally returned to China in 1946 by the general De Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
, then French head of state.
Following the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, Zhanjiang developed new importance. In 1955 a rail link was built to Litang in Guangxi
Guangxi
Guangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
province, where it joined the Hunan-Guangxi Railway. Since then, Zhanjiang has developed into a major modern port serving southern China, usable by ships of up to 50,000 tons. In 1984 Zhanjiang was designated one of the “open” cities of China, where the central government invited foreign investment; this spurred the city’s further industrial development. It has shipyards and engineering works; automobile, electrical-appliance, and textile plants; and sugar refineries, flour and rice mills, and chemical works. In the early 1990s a new rail line was completed, linking Zhanjiang with Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
, the provincial capital. The line was later extended to Hai’an, at the southernmost tip of Leizhou Peninsula
Leizhou Peninsula
The Leizhou Peninsula or Leizhou Bandao is a peninsula in the southernmost part of Guangdong province in southern China.-Geography:Leizhou Peninsula is the third largest peninsula in China with an area of of circa 8,500 square kilometer located on the southwestern end of Guangdong, with the Gulf...
, where trains could be transported by ferry across the Hainan Strait to Haikou
Haikou
Hǎikǒu , is the capital and most populous city of Hainan Province, in the People's Republic of China. It is situated on the northern coast of Hainan, by the mouth of the Nandu River...
.
Until the introduction of Pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
spelling, it was often known in the west as "Tsamkong" due to the Cantonese pronunciation of the name.
Military
Zhanjiang is headquarter of the South Sea FleetSouth Sea Fleet
The People's Republic of China's South Sea Fleet was first established in late 1949. The flagship of the SSF is the AOR/AK Nanchang ....
of the People's Liberation Army Navy
People's Liberation Army Navy
The People's Liberation Army Navy is the naval branch of the People's Liberation Army , the military of the People's Republic of China. Until the early 1990s, the navy performed a subordinate role to the PLA Land Forces. Since then, it has undergone rapid modernisation...
. It is also home base to two marine brigades.
Economy
The most important resource of Zhanjiang City is the resource port. Zhanjiang Port 241 kilometers long coastline, is the world's first port of 4 times the port of Rotterdam. Zhanjiang Port is one of the eight major ports, the annual throughput of more than 2,600 million tons.It was the first self-designed and domestically built modern deep water port
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
of China.
It is a seaport and trade center with a diversified industrial base, including the shipyard
Shipyard
Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial...
, textile plants, and sugar
Sugar
Sugar is a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose, characterized by a sweet flavor.Sucrose in its refined form primarily comes from sugar cane and sugar beet...
refining.
Agriculture
Zhanjiang agricultural performance in 2007 is the most prominent sugarcane production: in 2006 9,135,500 tons, 1,000 million tons in 2007.Akoya cultured pearls,pineapples,bananas,papayas,seafood,raised prawns,fish are native products.
Industry
IndustrialIndustry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
economy to make a breakthrough, a marked increase in the number of units. Zhanjiang in 2007 of all industrial output value of 112.134 billion yuan, up 17.1 percent, a growth rate of nearly 4-year high of 15.3 billion net increase over the previous year.
In 2007 the city's industrial enterprises above designated size reached 714, 71 more than last year, industrial output value of over a hundred million of the 132 enterprises.
- Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone
The zone was founded in 1984. Its total planned area is 9.2 square kilometers. It is located in Zhanjiang. The zone has a very good location for transportation. It is very convenient to get to the airport, the national highway G325 as well as the port. The major industries in the zone including automobile assembly, biotechnology and computer software.
Business
Zhanjiang in 2007 total retail sales of social consumer goods 38.216 billion yuan, an increase of 19.5%, the growth rate of nearly 12 years since a new high.Port of Zhanjiang
Port of ZhanjiangPort of Zhanjiang
Zhanjiang Port is a natural deep water harbor in south west China. It was designed and reconstructed as China's first modern port, the project being commenced in 1956. After nearly 50 years of construction, the existing 39 wharves are able to handle the containers, general cargo and bulk cargo that...
is located in the southernmost tip of mainland China's Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, the east port of the South China Sea, north of Hainan Island, the north west Bay. People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
after the establishment of their own design and construction of the first modern port, China and Southeast Asia, Australia, European countries bordering the Indian Ocean and the shortest journey between the port's foreign trade.
Tourism
Zhanjiang, a well-known tourist attractions, "Zhanjiang Eight," as follows:- East Island
- Huguangyan National Geopark
- View of the sea promenade
- Park Jin-inch
- Lighthouse
- South Asia Subtropical Botanical Garden
- South Isles
- Zhanjiang Port
Major theme attractions
|
|
French architectural monuments
- French minister to the Department of the Guangzhou Bay
- France, the Police Department, Guangzhou Bay
- Victor Catholic Church
- Calyon site
- GospelGospelA gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
- Guangzhou Bay Chamber of Commerce Center
In addition the sea and the sky dragon, Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, Cape Reservoir is well-known tourist attractions, distinctive.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Zhanjiang is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Serpukhov
Serpukhov
Serpukhov is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers. It is located south from Moscow on the Moscow—Simferopol highway. The Moscow—Tula railway passes through the town. Population: -History:...
(Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
) Marikina (Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
) Cairns (Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
)