Île-de-France (région)
Encyclopedia
Île-de-France (literally Isle-of-France; see etymology hereafter) is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions
of France
, composed mostly of the Paris
metropolitan area.
With 11.7 million inhabitants, Île-de-France is not only the most populated region of France but also has more residents than Austria, Belgium, Greece, Portugal or Sweden, and has a population comparable to that of either the U.S. state of Ohio
or the Canadian province of Ontario
. It is the fourth most populous country subdivision in the European Union
, after England
, North Rhine-Westphalia
and Bavaria
.
Economically, Île-de-France is the world's 4th and Europe's wealthiest and largest regional economy: in 2009, its total GDP
as calculated by Eurostat
was €552 billion (US$768.9 billion) at market exchange rates; it is the wealthiest metropolitan area in the European Union - and if it were a country, it would rank as the 15th wealthiest in the world. Île-de-France also is, second to the Kantō region
, the world's second most important location for Fortune Global 500 companies' headquarters
.
Created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961; it was renamed after the historic province of "Isle de France
" in 1976, when its administrative status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972. Its name literally means "Island-of-France", possibly from ancient Frankish Liddle Franke, "little France". Despite the name change, Île-de-France is still popularly referred to by French people as the région Parisienne (the Paris Region) or RP. However its inhabitants are more and more referred to as "Franciliens", an adjective created in the 80s and successfully used today. Ninety percent of its territory is covered by the Paris aire urbaine
(or "metropolitan area
") which extends beyond its borders in places.
Although the modern name "Île-de-France" clearly means "Isle of France", the etymology is in fact unclear. The "isle" may refer to the land between the Oise, Marne & Seine rivers. "Isle of France" may also have been a reference to the Île de la Cité
, in which case "Isle of France" was originally a pars pro toto
or perhaps a metonym.
However the modern term may well be a corruption of a proposed Frankish language term "Liddle Franke" meaning "Little France" (or "little Frankish land") and the modern reference to an "isle" may therefore be coincidental. However, this theory may perhaps be anachronistic, since the name "L'Île-de-France;" (its old spelling) is not documented prior to 1387.
", a built-up area + commuter belt) extends beyond its borders in places.
Île-de-France is composed of eight departments centered around its innermost department and capital, Paris. Around the department of Paris, urbanization
fills a first concentric ring of three departments commonly known as the petite couronne ("small ring"), and extends into a second outer ring of four departments known as the grande couronne ("large ring"). The former department of Seine, abolished in 1968, included the city proper and parts of the Petite Couronne.
The river Seine also runs through the Ile-De-France. The Seine has many tributaries which include the rivers Oise and Aube. The river Seine has its mouth in the English channel and has its source in the 'Massif central'. It is Frances second largest river after the Loire.
The Ile-De-France is also in an area of lowland which is called the Paris basin. South of the Ile-De-France is the 'Massif-central' which is an area of highlands that are higher than normal land but far lower than the Alps.
The climate in the Ile-De-France is quite similar to England's however it has warmer summers and milder winters. Its climate is generally very similar to the climate found in West Germany. However the Ile-De-France receives less rain than England as it is not an Island.
"), a statistical area encompassing the Paris pôle urbain
(or "urban area") and its couronne périurbaine commuter belt
.
At the 1999 census, 88% of Île-de-France's population lived in the Paris urban area and 99% of the same regional population lived in the Paris aire urbaine (respectively 9,644,507 people and 10,842,037 people).
If the region, primary seat of French political and economic power for centuries, has always attracted immigrants, modern immigration can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century when France emerged as a immigration destination with Eastern European Jews fleeing persecutions
, and Southern Europeans (mostly Italians) and Belgians
seeking better economic conditions. During the first half of the 20th century, immigrants were mostly Europeans, but after decolonisation, and during the French post-war economic boom
, many immigrants came from former French colonies
(chiefly the Magreb and West Africa). At the French census of March 1999, 2,159,070 residents of the Île-de-France region were people born outside Metropolitan France
, making up 19.7% of the region's total population. Among these people born outside Metropolitan France, 1,611,989 were immigrants (see definition below the table), making up 14.7% of the Île-de-France total population. INSEE
estimated that on January 1, 2005 the number of immigrants in Île-de-France had reached 1,916,000, making up 16.7% of the Île-de-France total population. This is an increase of 304,000 immigrants in slightly less than six years.
According to a study in 2009, nearly 56% of all newborns in Île-de-France in 2007 had at least one parent originated from Sub-Saharan Africa
, Maghreb
or Overseas departments and territories of France
.
and Sub-Saharan Africa
)..
People under 18 of Maghrebi, Sub-saharian
and Turkish
origin became a majority in several cities of Ile-de-France (Clichy-sous-Bois
, Mantes-la-Jolie
, Grigny
, Saint-Denis, Les Mureaux
, Saint-Ouen, Sarcelles
, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
, Garges-lès-Gonesse
, Aubervilliers
, Stains
, Gennevilliers
et Épinay-sur-Seine
). Young people of Maghrebi origin were about 12% in Île-de-France, 22% in département of Seine-Saint-Denis
and 37% in 18th arrondissement of Paris. In Grigny, 31% of young people are of Sub-saharian origin
In département of Seine-Saint-Denis
(population of 1.5 million), 56.7 % of young under 18 are or foreign origin including 38% of African origin. Islam
is the main religion.
with:
Warsaw
in Poland (since 1990) Beijing
in China (since 1987) Madrid
in Spain (since 2000)
Régions of France
France is divided into 27 administrative regions , 22 of which are in Metropolitan France, and five of which are overseas. Corsica is a territorial collectivity , but is considered a region in mainstream usage, and is even shown as such on the INSEE website...
of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, composed mostly of the Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
metropolitan area.
With 11.7 million inhabitants, Île-de-France is not only the most populated region of France but also has more residents than Austria, Belgium, Greece, Portugal or Sweden, and has a population comparable to that of either the U.S. state of Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
or the Canadian province of Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....
. It is the fourth most populous country subdivision in the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, after England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state of Germany, with four of the country's ten largest cities. The state was formed in 1946 as a merger of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia, both formerly part of Prussia. Its capital is Düsseldorf. The state is currently run by a coalition of the...
and Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
.
Economically, Île-de-France is the world's 4th and Europe's wealthiest and largest regional economy: in 2009, its total GDP
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
as calculated by Eurostat
Eurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
was €552 billion (US$768.9 billion) at market exchange rates; it is the wealthiest metropolitan area in the European Union - and if it were a country, it would rank as the 15th wealthiest in the world. Île-de-France also is, second to the Kantō region
Kanto region
The is a geographical area of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa. Within its boundaries, slightly more than 40 percent of the land area is the Kantō Plain....
, the world's second most important location for Fortune Global 500 companies' headquarters
Headquarters
Headquarters denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility managing all business activities...
.
Created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961; it was renamed after the historic province of "Isle de France
Île-de-France (province)
The province of Île-de-France or Isle de France is an historical province of France, and the one at the centre of power during most of French history...
" in 1976, when its administrative status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972. Its name literally means "Island-of-France", possibly from ancient Frankish Liddle Franke, "little France". Despite the name change, Île-de-France is still popularly referred to by French people as the région Parisienne (the Paris Region) or RP. However its inhabitants are more and more referred to as "Franciliens", an adjective created in the 80s and successfully used today. Ninety percent of its territory is covered by the Paris aire urbaine
Aire urbaine
The aire urbaine is a statistical region created by the INSEE that comprises a commuter belt surrounding a contiguous urban core...
(or "metropolitan area
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
") which extends beyond its borders in places.
Etymology
Île de la Cité
The Île de la Cité is one of two remaining natural islands in the Seine within the city of Paris . It is the centre of Paris and the location where the medieval city was refounded....
, in which case "Isle of France" was originally a pars pro toto
Pars pro toto
Pars pro toto is Latin for "a part for the whole" where the name of a portion of an object or concept represents the entire object or context....
or perhaps a metonym.
However the modern term may well be a corruption of a proposed Frankish language term "Liddle Franke" meaning "Little France" (or "little Frankish land") and the modern reference to an "isle" may therefore be coincidental. However, this theory may perhaps be anachronistic, since the name "L'Île-de-France;" (its old spelling) is not documented prior to 1387.
Timeline
- 1959: February 4, "District of the Paris Region" created by a government decree. This creation was a failure, due to a lack of cooperation from the communesCommunes of FranceThe commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
and the departments of the Paris region which refused to send their representatives to the district council. - 1961: August 2, District of the Paris Region re-created with the same name, but this time by a statute (bill) voted by the French Parliament. The limits of this new District of the Paris Region were exactly the same as those of the current Île-de-France region. The district council of the aborted 1959 District of the Paris Region was replaced by a Board of Trustees, half of whose members were appointed by the French government, the other half by the local communes and departments. The executive of the district was a civil servant, the Delegate General for the District of the Paris Region, appointed by the French government.
- 1966: August 10: creation of the Prefecture of the Paris Region, whose limits corresponded exactly to those of the current Île-de-France region. The Delegate General for the District of the Paris Region was made Prefect of the Paris Region, holding both offices at the same time.
- 1966: December 17: in FrenchFrench languageFrench is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
the "district de la région de Paris" was renamed "district de la région parisienne" (same meaning in English). - 1976: May 6: the District of the Paris Region was transformed into the Île-de-France region, thus aligning the status of the Paris Region with that of other French regions, which possessed their status since 1972. The Prefecture of the Paris Region was renamed Préfecture de L'Île-de-France. The former Board of Trustees was replaced by a regional council, 70% of whose members were the representatives of the departments and communes of L'Île-de-France; the remaining 30% were chosen by the Members of the French Parliament whose constituencies lay inside L'Île-de-France. The regional council elected a president, whose executive powers were limited. The office of Delegate General was abolished. It is said that President Valéry Giscard d'EstaingValéry Giscard d'EstaingValéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing is a French centre-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981...
personally insisted on choosing the name "L'Île-de-France" for the region, instead of the hitherto used Région Parisienne. L'Île-de-France was the name of the historical province that existed before the French RevolutionFrench RevolutionThe French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
, but the name had long since fallen out of use. Today, many people and even some official institutions still continue to use the term "Région Parisienne" instead of the official "L'Île-de-France". - 1982: March 2: L'Île-de-France, like the other French regions, was turned into a "territorial collectivity", i.e., it is no more a mere administrative structure, but a full-fledged political entity, on a par with the departments and communes. The powers of the regions were expanded, direct elections of the regional councils were scheduled, and the presidents of the regional councils were given full executive powers.
- 1986: March 16: first direct election of the regional council by the inhabitants of Île-de-France. The powers and visibility of the Île-de-France region are henceforth greatly increased.
Geography
Île-de-France has a land area of 12,011 km² (4,637 sq. miles). The built-up area of Paris fills its 12,011 km² to near 23%, and the Paris aire urbaine (or "metropolitan areaMetropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
", a built-up area + commuter belt) extends beyond its borders in places.
Île-de-France is composed of eight departments centered around its innermost department and capital, Paris. Around the department of Paris, urbanization
Urbanization
Urbanization, urbanisation or urban drift is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008....
fills a first concentric ring of three departments commonly known as the petite couronne ("small ring"), and extends into a second outer ring of four departments known as the grande couronne ("large ring"). The former department of Seine, abolished in 1968, included the city proper and parts of the Petite Couronne.
The river Seine also runs through the Ile-De-France. The Seine has many tributaries which include the rivers Oise and Aube. The river Seine has its mouth in the English channel and has its source in the 'Massif central'. It is Frances second largest river after the Loire.
The Ile-De-France is also in an area of lowland which is called the Paris basin. South of the Ile-De-France is the 'Massif-central' which is an area of highlands that are higher than normal land but far lower than the Alps.
The climate in the Ile-De-France is quite similar to England's however it has warmer summers and milder winters. Its climate is generally very similar to the climate found in West Germany. However the Ile-De-France receives less rain than England as it is not an Island.
- Petite Couronne: Hauts-de-SeineHauts-de-SeineHauts-de-Seine is designated number 92 of the 101 départements in France. It is part of the Île-de-France region, and covers the western inner suburbs of Paris...
, Seine-Saint-DenisSeine-Saint-Denis- Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :...
, Val-de-MarneVal-de-MarneVal-de-Marne is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the Île-de-France region. The department is situated to the southeast of the city of Paris.- Geography :... - Grande Couronne: Seine-et-MarneSeine-et-MarneSeine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers, and located in the Île-de-France region.- History:Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments, created on March 4, 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of December 22, 1789...
, YvelinesYvelinesYvelines is a French department in the region of Île-de-France.-History:Yvelines was created from the western part of the defunct department of Seine-et-Oise on 1 January 1968 in accordance with a law passed on 10 January 1964 and a décret d'application from 26 February 1965.It gained the...
, EssonneEssonneEssonne is a French department in the region of Île-de-France. It is named after the Essonne River.It was formed on 1 January 1968 when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments.- History :...
, Val-d'OiseVal-d'OiseVal-d'Oise is a French department, created in 1968 after the split of the Seine-et-Oise department and located in the Île-de-France region. In local slang, it is known as "quatre-vingt quinze" or "neuf cinq"...
Demographics
Most of Île-de-France is covered by the Paris aire urbaine (or "metropolitan areaMetropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
"), a statistical area encompassing the Paris pôle urbain
Pôle urbain
In France, a pôle urbain is a statistical area defined by INSEE for the measurement of contiguously built-up areas...
(or "urban area") and its couronne périurbaine commuter belt
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
.
At the 1999 census, 88% of Île-de-France's population lived in the Paris urban area and 99% of the same regional population lived in the Paris aire urbaine (respectively 9,644,507 people and 10,842,037 people).
| Concentric Area | | Departments | | PopulationJan. 2007 est. | | Area | | Density | | 1999-2007yearly pop. growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paris (75) | 2,188,500 | 105 km² | 20,843/km² | +0.4% | |
| Inner ring 657 km² (Petite Couronne) 4,369,000 |
Hauts-de-Seine Hauts-de-Seine Hauts-de-Seine is designated number 92 of the 101 départements in France. It is part of the Île-de-France region, and covers the western inner suburbs of Paris... (92) |
1,551,500 | 176 km² | 8,815/km² | +1.0% |
| Seine-Saint-Denis Seine-Saint-Denis - Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :... (93) |
1,508,500 | 236 km² | 6,392/km² | +1.1% | |
| Val-de-Marne Val-de-Marne Val-de-Marne is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the Île-de-France region. The department is situated to the southeast of the city of Paris.- Geography :... (94) |
1,309,000 | 245 km² | 5,343/km² | +0.8% | |
| Outer ring 11,250 km² (Grande Couronne) 5,059,000 |
Seine-et-Marne Seine-et-Marne Seine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers, and located in the Île-de-France region.- History:Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments, created on March 4, 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of December 22, 1789... (77) |
1,285,500 | 5,915 km² | 217/km² | +1.0% |
| Yvelines Yvelines Yvelines is a French department in the region of Île-de-France.-History:Yvelines was created from the western part of the defunct department of Seine-et-Oise on 1 January 1968 in accordance with a law passed on 10 January 1964 and a décret d'application from 26 February 1965.It gained the... (78) |
1,401,000 | 2,284 km² | 613/km² | +0.4% | |
| Essonne Essonne Essonne is a French department in the region of Île-de-France. It is named after the Essonne River.It was formed on 1 January 1968 when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments.- History :... (91) |
1,207,500 | 1,804 km² | 669/km² | +0.8% | |
| Val-d'Oise Val-d'Oise Val-d'Oise is a French department, created in 1968 after the split of the Seine-et-Oise department and located in the Île-de-France region. In local slang, it is known as "quatre-vingt quinze" or "neuf cinq"... (95) |
1,165,000 | 1,246 km² | 935/km² | +0.7% | |
Historical population
| 1801 census | 1806 census | 1821 census | 1826 census | 1831 census | 1836 census | 1841 census | 1846 census | 1851 census | 1856 census | 1861 census | 1866 census |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,352,280 | 1,407,272 | 1,549,811 | 1,780,900 | 1,707,181 | 1,882,354 | 1,998,862 | 2,180,100 | 2,239,695 | 2,552,980 | 2,819,045 | 3,039,043 |
| 1872 census | 1876 census | 1881 census | 1886 census | 1891 census | 1896 census | 1901 census | 1906 census | 1911 census | 1921 census | 1926 census | 1931 census |
| 3,141,730 | 3,320,162 | 3,726,118 | 3,934,314 | 4,126,932 | 4,368,656 | 4,735,580 | 4,960,310 | 5,335,220 | 5,682,598 | 6,146,178 | 6,705,579 |
| 1936 census | 1946 census | 1954 census | 1962 census | 1968 census | 1975 census | 1982 census | 1990 census | 1999 census | 2006 census | 2007 estimate | 2008 estimate |
| 6,785,750 | 6,597,758 | 7,317,063 | 8,470,015 | 9,248,631 | 9,878,565 | 10,073,059 | 10,660,554 | 10,952,011 | 11,532,398 | 11,616,500 | 11,694,000 |
| Census returns before 2007; official Jan. 1 estimates from INSEE INSEE INSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System... from 2007 on. |
|||||||||||
Immigration
Paris and the Île-de-France region is a magnet for immigrants, hosting one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006, about 35% of people (4 millions) living in Île-de-France were either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%).If the region, primary seat of French political and economic power for centuries, has always attracted immigrants, modern immigration can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century when France emerged as a immigration destination with Eastern European Jews fleeing persecutions
Pogrom
A pogrom is a form of violent riot, a mob attack directed against a minority group, and characterized by killings and destruction of their homes and properties, businesses, and religious centres...
, and Southern Europeans (mostly Italians) and Belgians
Belgians
Belgians are people originating from the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe.-Etymology:Belgians are a relatively "new" people...
seeking better economic conditions. During the first half of the 20th century, immigrants were mostly Europeans, but after decolonisation, and during the French post-war economic boom
Trente Glorieuses
Les Trente Glorieuses refers to the thirty years from 1945-1975 following the end of the Second World War in France. The name was first used by the French demographer Jean Fourastié...
, many immigrants came from former French colonies
French Colonies
"French Colonies" is the name used by philatelists to refer to the postage stamps issued by France for use in the parts of the French colonial empire that did not have stamps of their own...
(chiefly the Magreb and West Africa). At the French census of March 1999, 2,159,070 residents of the Île-de-France region were people born outside Metropolitan France
Metropolitan France
Metropolitan France is the part of France located in Europe. It can also be described as mainland France or as the French mainland and the island of Corsica...
, making up 19.7% of the region's total population. Among these people born outside Metropolitan France, 1,611,989 were immigrants (see definition below the table), making up 14.7% of the Île-de-France total population. INSEE
INSEE
INSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System...
estimated that on January 1, 2005 the number of immigrants in Île-de-France had reached 1,916,000, making up 16.7% of the Île-de-France total population. This is an increase of 304,000 immigrants in slightly less than six years.
According to a study in 2009, nearly 56% of all newborns in Île-de-France in 2007 had at least one parent originated from Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa as a geographical term refers to the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara. A political definition of Sub-Saharan Africa, instead, covers all African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara...
, Maghreb
Maghreb
The Maghreb is the region of Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. It includes five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara...
or Overseas departments and territories of France
Overseas departments and territories of France
The French Overseas Departments and Territories consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of the European continent. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France , and consequently the...
.
People under 18 of foreign origin
In 2005, 37% of young people under 18 were of foreign origin (at least one immigrant parent) in Ile-de-France, including a quarter of African origin (MaghrebMaghreb
The Maghreb is the region of Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. It includes five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara...
and Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa as a geographical term refers to the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara. A political definition of Sub-Saharan Africa, instead, covers all African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara...
)..
People under 18 of Maghrebi, Sub-saharian
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa as a geographical term refers to the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara. A political definition of Sub-Saharan Africa, instead, covers all African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara...
and Turkish
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
origin became a majority in several cities of Ile-de-France (Clichy-sous-Bois
Clichy-sous-Bois
Clichy-sous-Bois is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The vast majority of its population is made up of Muslims of North African heritage . It is located from the centre of Paris.-Geography:The commune has an area of with of woods...
, Mantes-la-Jolie
Mantes-la-Jolie
Mantes-la-Jolie is a commune based in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the center. Mantes-la-Jolie is a sub-prefecture department.-History:...
, Grigny
Grigny, Essonne
Grigny is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.Inhabitants of Grigny are known as Grignois.-Transportation:Grigny is served by Grigny – Centre station on Paris RER line D....
, Saint-Denis, Les Mureaux
Les Mureaux
Les Mureaux is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the north-western suburbs of Paris from the center.-Transport:...
, Saint-Ouen, Sarcelles
Sarcelles
Sarcelles is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Sarcelles is a sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Sarcelles....
, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and Île-de-France region of France. Today forming part of the northern suburbs of Paris, Pierrefitte lies from the centre of the French capital.- Heraldry :-Transport:...
, Garges-lès-Gonesse
Garges-lès-Gonesse
Garges-lès-Gonesse is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.-Transport:Garges-lès-Gonesse is served by Garges – Sarcelles station on Paris RER line D.-References:** -External links:* * *...
, Aubervilliers
Aubervilliers
Aubervilliers is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.-Name:In medieval times the name Aubervilliers was recorded as Alberti Villare, meaning "estate of Adalbert"...
, Stains
Stains
Stains is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.-Heraldry:-Transport:Stains is served by Pierrefitte – Stains station on Paris RER line D...
, Gennevilliers
Gennevilliers
Gennevilliers is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.-History:On 9 April 1929, one-fifth of the territory of Gennevilliers was detached and became the commune of Villeneuve-la-Garenne.-Transport:...
et Épinay-sur-Seine
Épinay-sur-Seine
-Transport:Épinay-sur-Seine is served by Épinay-sur-Seine station on Paris RER line C.It is also served by Épinay – Villetaneuse station on the Transilien Paris – Nord suburban rail line....
). Young people of Maghrebi origin were about 12% in Île-de-France, 22% in département of Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis
- Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :...
and 37% in 18th arrondissement of Paris. In Grigny, 31% of young people are of Sub-saharian origin
In département of Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis
- Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :...
(population of 1.5 million), 56.7 % of young under 18 are or foreign origin including 38% of African origin. Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
is the main religion.
| % young under 18 (2005) | Seine-Saint-Denis Seine-Saint-Denis - Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :... |
Paris Paris Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region... |
Val-de-Marne Val-de-Marne Val-de-Marne is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the Île-de-France region. The department is situated to the southeast of the city of Paris.- Geography :... |
Val-d'Oise Val-d'Oise Val-d'Oise is a French department, created in 1968 after the split of the Seine-et-Oise department and located in the Île-de-France region. In local slang, it is known as "quatre-vingt quinze" or "neuf cinq"... |
France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All origins | 56.7 % | 41.30 % | 39.90 % | 37.90 % | 18.10 % |
| Maghreb Maghreb The Maghreb is the region of Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. It includes five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara... |
22.0 % | 12.1 % | 13.2 % | 13.0 % | 6.9 % |
| Sub-saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa as a geographical term refers to the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara. A political definition of Sub-Saharan Africa, instead, covers all African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara... |
16.0 % | 9.9 % | 10.8 % | 9.1 % | 3.0 % |
| Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe... |
2.7 % | 0.6 % | 1.2 % | 3.1 % | 1.4 % |
| South Europe | 4.0 % | 4.0 % | 5.5 % | 4.8 % | 2.6 % |
Holders of the executive office
- Delegates General for the District of the Paris Region
- 1961-1969: Paul DelouvrierPaul DelouvrierPaul Delouvrier was a French politician who was awarded the Erasmus Prize in 1985. He was born in Remiremont, Vosges....
(civil servant) – Very influential term. Responsible for the creation of the RER express subway network in the Île-de-France and beyond. - 1969-1975: Maurice Doublet (civil servant)
- 1975-1976: Lucien Lanier (civil servant)
- 1961-1969: Paul Delouvrier
- Presidents of the Regional Council of Île-de-France
- 1976-1988: Michel Giraud (RPRRally for the RepublicThe Rally for the Republic , was a French right-wing political party. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic , it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullism...
politician) – (1st time) - 1988-1992: Pierre-Charles Krieg (RPRRally for the RepublicThe Rally for the Republic , was a French right-wing political party. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic , it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullism...
politician) - 1992-1998: Michel Giraud (RPRRally for the RepublicThe Rally for the Republic , was a French right-wing political party. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic , it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullism...
politician) – (2nd time) - since 1998: Jean-Paul HuchonJean-Paul HuchonJean-Paul Huchon is a civil administrator and French politician. Mayor of Conflans-Sainte-Honorine from 1994 to 2001, he is the President of the regional council for Île-de-France since 1998.- Biography :...
(PSSocialist Party (France)The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement...
politician)
- 1976-1988: Michel Giraud (RPR
Twin towns – Sister cities
Île-de-France is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
in Poland (since 1990) Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
in China (since 1987) Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
in Spain (since 2000)