338 BC   A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

1311    Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece.

1770    The Orlov Revolt, an attempt to revolt against the Ottoman Empire before the Greek War of Independence, ends in disaster for the Greeks.

1820    Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.

1821    (Julian Calendar) Greece revolts against the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.

1821    Tripolitsa, Greece, falls and 30,000 Turks are massacred.

1822    The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.

1822    Greek War of Independence: The Turks capture the Greek town of Souli.

1824    The Battle of Kos is fought between Turk and Greek forces.

1826    The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town Messolonghi start leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.

1829    The three protecting powers (Britain, France and Russia) establish the borders of Greece.

1830    The sovereignty of Greece is confirmed in a London Protocol.

1832    The independence of Greece is recognized by the Treaty of London. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria is chosen King.

1835    Otto is named the first modern King of Greece.

1863    Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.

1878    Greece declares war on Turkey.

1881    Thessaly is freed and becomes part of Greece again.

1897    The Greco-Turkish War, also called "Thirty Days' War", is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

1898    700 Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.

1905    Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.

1910    Eleftherios Venizelos, leader of the Liberal Party, wins the Greek elections again.

1912    Italy occupies the Greek island of Rhodes.

1912    Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia declare war on the Ottoman Empire, joining Montenegro in the First Balkan War.

1912    First Balkan War: The capital city of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, is unified with Greece on the feast day of its patron Saint Demetrius. On the same day, Serbian troops captured Skopje.

1912    Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month long First Balkan War.

1913    First Balkan War: During the Naval Battle of Lemnos, Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it did not venture for the rest of the war.

1913    First Balkan War: The Greek army defeats the Turks at Bizani.

1913    A Greek flotilla defeats the Ottoman Navy in the Naval Battle of Lemnos during the First Balkan War, securing the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea for Greece.

1913    Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria.

1913    Second Balkan War: delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war.

1917    Alexander I becomes king of Greece.

1917    King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father Constantine I abdicates under pressure by allied armies occupying Athens.

1917    A Great Fire in Thessaloniki, Greece destroys 32% of the city leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.

1920    Dimitrios Rallis forms a government in Greece.

1922    The Turkish army takes the Aegean city of Afyonkarahisar from the Greeks.

1922    In Aydin, Turkey, independence of Aydin, from Greek occupation.

1922    King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, King George II.

1923    Greece becomes a republic.

1923    The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.

1938    Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).

1940    World War II: Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum. Italy invades Greece through Albania, marking Greece's entry into World War II.

1940    World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous invasion of Greece.

1940    World War II: Himarë is captured by the Greek army.

1941    World War II: The Greek army captures Kleisoura.

1941    World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 (the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Operation Marita (the invasion of Greece).

1941    World War II: German paratoopers murder Greek civilians in the village of Kondomari.

1941    World War II: The Wehrmacht razes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground, killing 180 of its inhabitants.

1941    German troops execute the male population of the villages Kerdyllia in Serres, Greece and burn the houses down.

1944    World War II: In Distomo, Boeotia Prefecture, Greece 218 men, women and children are massacred by German troops.

1946    The Paris Peace Conference concludes that the islands of the Dodecanese should be returned to Greece by Italy.

1947    Cold War: in an effort to fight the spread of Communism, U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs an act into law that will later be called the Truman Doctrine. The act grants $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece, each battling an internal Communist movement.

1952    The women of Greece are given the right to vote.

1964    Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.

1964    Constantine II becomes King of Greece.

1966    The Greek ship {{SS|Heraklion}} sinks in a storm in the Aegean Sea, killing over 200.

1967    A few days before the general election in Greece, Colonel George Papadopoulos leads a coup d'état, establishing a military regime that lasts for seven years.

1967    Andreas Papandreou, Greek economist and socialist politician, is imprisoned in Athens by the Greek military junta.

1968    Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.

1968    Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis.

1968    Alexandros Panagoulis is condemned to death for attempting to assassinate Greek dictator George Papadopoulos.

1969    Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate Giorgos Seferis makes a famous statement on the BBC World Service opposing the junta in Greece.

1973    George Papadopoulos, head of the military Regime of the Colonels in Greece, is ousted in a hardliners' coup led by Brigadier General Dimitrios Ioannidis.

1977    Manolis Andronikos, a Greek archaeologist and professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina.

1979    Constantine Karamanlis signs the full treaty of the accession of Greece with the European Economic Community.

1981    The Republic of Greece is admitted into the European Community.

1982    Greece abolishes the head shaving of recruits in the military.

1985    TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece.

1991    The Greek cruise ship {{Ship|MTS|Oceanos}} sinks off the Wild Coast of South Africa.

1995    The Democratic Social Movement is founded in Greece.

1999    The Euro currency is introduced in 11 countries - members of NATO (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).

2002    Eastern Mediterranean Event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at 10 metres diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The resulting explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb.