1250s in England
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 1250s in England: |
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| 1230s 1230s in England Events from the 1230s in England.-Events:1230* 3 May - King Henry III leads an army to France, and marches on Bordeaux.* October - Henry returns to England.* Devotional work Ancrene Wisse written.1231... | 1240s 1240s in England Events from the 1240s in England.-Events:* 1240** Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of Wales, pays homage to King Henry, and agrees to arbitration over the right to rule Wales.* 1241... | 1250s | 1260s 1260s in England Events from the 1260s in England.-Events:* 1260** Llewelyn the Last attacks English forces in South Wales.** 22 August - Truce agreed between England and Wales.* 1261... | 1270s 1270s in England Events from the 1270s in England.-Incumbents:Monarch - King Henry III , King Edward I-Events:* 1270** April - Parliament levies a property tax to support the Eighth Crusade.... |
Events from the 1250s
1250s
The 1250s decade ran from January 1, 1250, to December 31, 1259.-Events and trends:The decade was perhaps most dominated by the Mongols, who under the leadership of Möngke Khan continued their rapid expansion throughout Asia both to the east and west of their home territories...
in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
Events
- 1250
- GasconsGasconyGascony is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution. The region is vaguely defined and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; sometimes they are considered to overlap, and sometimes Gascony is considered a...
revolt against English governor Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 6th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester , sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from other Simon de Montforts, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. He led the barons' rebellion against King Henry III of England during the Second Barons' War of 1263-4, and...
. - First written reference to Summer is icumen in, one of the oldest known English song lyricsLyricsLyrics are a set of words that make up a song. The writer of lyrics is a lyricist or lyrist. The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit. Some lyrics are abstract, almost unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of...
.
- Gascons
- 1251
- May - de Montfort suppresses the revolt in Gascony.
- 26 December - King Alexander III of ScotlandAlexander III of ScotlandAlexander III was King of Scots from 1249 to his death.-Life:...
marries MargaretMargaret of EnglandMargaret of England was a medieval English princess who became Queen of Scots. A daughter of the Plantagenet king Henry III of England and his queen, Eleanor of Provence, she was Queen consort to Alexander III "the Glorious", King of the Scots.- Family :She was the second child of Henry III of...
, daughter of King Henry III of EnglandHenry III of EnglandHenry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...
, precipitating a power struggle between the two monarchs.
- 1252
- September - Henry receives a gift of a polar bearPolar BearThe polar bear is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size...
from NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, which he allows to swim in the Thames. - Gascon leaders travel to England to put their case against Simon de Montfort, who eventually resigns.
- September - Henry receives a gift of a polar bear
- 1253
- 6 August - Expedition to Gascony to repel a rumoured invasion from CastileCrown of CastileThe Crown of Castile was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne...
. - de Montford returns to England where he allies himself with barons who oppose Henry III.
- The Domus ConversorumDomus ConversorumThe Domus Conversorum was a building and institution in London for Jews who had converted to Christianity. It provided a communal home and low wages. It was needed because all Jews who converted to Christianity forfeited all their possessions.It was established in 1253 by Henry III...
established in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
for JewishJudaismJudaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
converts to ChristianityChristianityChristianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
.
- 6 August - Expedition to Gascony to repel a rumoured invasion from Castile
- 1254
- 11 February - Parliament is summoned, for the first time including elected representatives; two knights from each shireShireA shire is a traditional term for a division of land, found in the United Kingdom and in Australia. In parts of Australia, a shire is an administrative unit, but it is not synonymous with "county" there, which is a land registration unit. Individually, or as a suffix in Scotland and in the far...
. - 1 April - Treaty of Toledo ensures peace between England and Castile.
- 26 April - A ParliamentParliament of EnglandThe Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
assembles which refuses to grant a subsidy to Henry III. - 10 October - Edward PlantagenetEdward I of EnglandEdward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
marries Eleanor of CastileEleanor of CastileEleanor of Castile was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu in her own right from 1279 until her death in 1290, succeeding her mother and ruling together with her husband.-Birth:...
. His father Henry III had demanded the marriage in exchange of ending the war with her brother Alfonso X of CastileAlfonso X of CastileAlfonso X was a Castilian monarch who ruled as the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1252 until his death...
.
- 11 February - Parliament is summoned, for the first time including elected representatives; two knights from each shire
- 1255
- Llewelyn the Last becomes sole ruler of northern WalesWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
. - August - Henry III has his supporters put in control of the Scottish regency councilRegency Councilright|thumb|Regency Council: Ostrowski, Kakowski, LubomirskiThe Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland was a semi-independent and temporary highest authority during World War I, formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary in the occupied Polish territories in September 1917. It was supposed to stay...
. - In an example of blood libel, nineteen Jews of LincolnLincoln, LincolnshireLincoln is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England.The non-metropolitan district of Lincoln has a population of 85,595; the 2001 census gave the entire area of Lincoln a population of 120,779....
are executed on suspicion of being involved in a boy's murder. - King Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of FranceLouis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
gifts Henry with an elephantElephantElephants are large land mammals in two extant genera of the family Elephantidae: Elephas and Loxodonta, with the third genus Mammuthus extinct...
, which he keeps in the Tower of LondonTower of LondonHer Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space...
.
- Llewelyn the Last becomes sole ruler of northern Wales
- 1256
- Earliest recorded endowment of Abingdon SchoolAbingdon SchoolAbingdon School is a British day and boarding independent school for boys situated in Abingdon, Oxfordshire , previously known as Roysse's School. In 1998 a formal merger took place between Abingdon School and Josca's, a preparatory school four miles to the west at Frilford...
.
- Earliest recorded endowment of Abingdon School
- 1257
- 13 January - Richard, 1st Earl of CornwallRichard, 1st Earl of CornwallRichard of Cornwall was Count of Poitou , 1st Earl of Cornwall and German King...
elected King of the RomansKing of the RomansKing of the Romans was the title used by the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire following his election to the office by the princes of the Kingdom of Germany...
. - August - A gold pennyPennyA penny is a coin or a type of currency used in several English-speaking countries. It is often the smallest denomination within a currency system.-Etymology:...
is introduced, but swiftly withdrawn when it proves too valuable to use.
- 13 January - Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
- 1258
- 2 May - Simon de Montfort, together with six other barons, forces King Henry III to accept legal reforms.
- 12 June - Provisions of OxfordProvisions of OxfordThe Provisions of Oxford are often regarded as England's first written constitution ....
enacted, creating an elected Council of barons to advise the King. - 27 October–4 November - The Oxford ParliamentOxford Parliament (1258)The Oxford Parliament , also known as the "Mad Parliament" and the "First English Parliament", assembled during the reign of Henry III of England. It was established by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. The parlour or prolocutor was Peter de Montfort under the direction of Simon de Montfort...
assembles. - Irish, assisted by Scottish gallowglassGallowglassThe gallowglass or galloglass – from , gallóglach – were an elite class of mercenary warrior who came from Norse-Gaelic clans in the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland between the mid 13th century and late 16th century...
es, halt the English advance westward through IrelandIrelandIreland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
. - ConsecrationConsecrationConsecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious. The word "consecration" literally means "to associate with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different groups...
of the newly rebuilt Salisbury CathedralSalisbury CathedralSalisbury Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury, England, considered one of the leading examples of Early English architecture....
.
- 1259
- 1 August - Henry III makes peace with Llywelyn the Last, now claiming the title "Prince of WalesPrince of WalesPrince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the 15 other independent Commonwealth realms...
". - 13 October - The Provisions of WestminsterProvisions of WestminsterThe Provisions of Westminster of 1259 were part of a series of legislative constitutional reforms which arose out of power struggles between Henry III of England and his barons...
enacted, reforming the legal system. - 4 December - By the Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1259)The Treaty of Paris was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England, agreed to on December 4, 1259....
, Henry III renounces his claim to NormandyNormandyNormandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
to Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of FranceLouis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
.
- 1 August - Henry III makes peace with Llywelyn the Last, now claiming the title "Prince of Wales
Deaths
- 1250
- 8 February - William II LongespeeWilliam II LongespeeSir William II Longespée, long sword in French, was the son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, and Ela, 3rd Countess of Salisbury...
, crusader (born c. 1212)
- 8 February - William II Longespee
- 1253
- 9 October - Robert GrossetesteRobert GrossetesteRobert Grosseteste or Grossetete was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian and Bishop of Lincoln. He was born of humble parents at Stradbroke in Suffolk. A.C...
, statesman and theologian (born c. 1175) - Saint Richard of ChichesterRichard of ChichesterRichard of Chichester is a saint who was Bishop of Chichester...
(born 1197)
- 9 October - Robert Grosseteste
- 1254
- William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of DerbyWilliam de Ferrers, 5th Earl of DerbyWilliam III de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby was an English nobleman and head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire including an area known as Duffield Frith....
(born 1193) - Silvester de EverdonSilvester de EverdonSilvester de Everdon was a medieval Bishop of Carlisle and Lord Chancellor of England.-Life:Everdon came from the village of Everdon, near Daventry in Northamptonshire, but other than the fact that he was related to a locally prominent family of Thorp, nothing else is known of his ancestry. He was...
, bishop (year of birth unknown)
- William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby
- 1255
- 1 May - Walter de GrayWalter de GrayWalter de Gray was an English prelate and statesman who rose to be Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor.-Life:Gray was the son of John de Gray the Elder of Eaton in Norfolk and nephew of John de Gray , Bishop of Norwich. His sister, Hawise, married the Justiciar of England, Philip Basset...
, prelate and statesman (year of birth unknown) - Little Saint Hugh of LincolnLittle Saint Hugh of LincolnHugh of Lincoln was an English boy, whose death prompted a blood libel with ramifications that reach until today. Hugh is known as Little Saint Hugh to distinguish him from Saint Hugh, otherwise Hugh of Lincoln. The style is often corrupted to Little Sir Hugh...
(born 1247)
- 1 May - Walter de Gray
- 1256
- William of KilkennyWilliam of KilkennyWilliam of Kilkenny was a Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Ely.-Life:William may be the same William of Kilkenny who was elected Bishop of Ossory in 1231, but resigned the office in 1232 before being consecrated. Whether that William is the same William that later became Bishop of Ely, the...
, Lord ChancellorLord ChancellorThe Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom. He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State, ranking only after the Lord High Steward. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign...
(year of birth unknown) - Johannes de SacroboscoJohannes de SacroboscoJohannes de Sacrobosco or Sacro Bosco was a scholar, monk, and astronomer who taught at the University of Paris and wrote the authoritative mediaeval astronomy text Tractatus de Sphaera.-Origins:Although described as English, his birthplace is unknown because Sacrobosco is...
, scholar (born c. 1195)
- William of Kilkenny
- 1259
- 18 November - Adam MarshAdam MarshAdam Marsh was an English Franciscan, scholar and theologian.-Biography:He was born about 1200 in the diocese of Bath, and educated at Oxford under the famous Grosseteste....
, scholar and theologian (born c. 1200) - Matthew ParisMatthew ParisMatthew Paris was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire...
, chronicler (born c. 1200)
- 18 November - Adam Marsh