1260s in England
Encyclopedia
 1260s in England: |
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| 1240s 1240s in England Events from the 1240s in England.-Events:* 1240** Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of Wales, pays homage to King Henry, and agrees to arbitration over the right to rule Wales.* 1241... | 1250s 1250s in England Events from the 1250s in England.-Events:* 1250** Gascons revolt against English governor Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.** First written reference to Summer is icumen in, one of the oldest known English song lyrics.* 1251... | 1260s | 1270s 1270s in England Events from the 1270s in England.-Incumbents:Monarch - King Henry III , King Edward I-Events:* 1270** April - Parliament levies a property tax to support the Eighth Crusade.... | 1280s 1280s in England Events from the 1280s in England.-Events:* 1280** University College, Oxford established.* 1281* 1282** 21 March - Dafydd ap Gruffydd leads rebellion in Wales.... |
Events from the 1260s
1260s
The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.In Asia, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, although his title was only partially recognized...
in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
Events
- 1260
- Llewelyn the Last attacks English forces in South WalesWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
. - 22 August - Truce agreed between England and Wales.
- Llewelyn the Last attacks English forces in South Wales
- 1261
- 12 June - King Henry III of EnglandHenry III of EnglandHenry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...
obtains a papal bullPapal bullA Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end in order to authenticate it....
releasing him from the Provisions of OxfordProvisions of OxfordThe Provisions of Oxford are often regarded as England's first written constitution ....
, setting the stage for a civil war over the power struggle between the crown and the aristocracy. - July - Henry regains control of the government.
- 12 June - King Henry III of England
- 1262
- Canonisation of Richard of ChichesterRichard of ChichesterRichard of Chichester is a saint who was Bishop of Chichester...
.
- Canonisation of Richard of Chichester
- 1263
- January - Provisions of WestminsterProvisions of WestminsterThe Provisions of Westminster of 1259 were part of a series of legislative constitutional reforms which arose out of power struggles between Henry III of England and his barons...
re-issued. - April - Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 6th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester , sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from other Simon de Montforts, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. He led the barons' rebellion against King Henry III of England during the Second Barons' War of 1263-4, and...
seizes control of southern England after Henry refuses to accept the Provisions of Oxford. - 16 July - Rebels occupy London.
- 2 October - Henry travels to BoulogneBoulogne-sur-Mer-Road:* Metropolitan bus services are operated by the TCRB* Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque* A16 motorway-Rail:* The main railway station is Gare de Boulogne-Ville and located in the south of the city....
for an attempt to broker peace by King Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of FranceLouis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
; barons refuse to accept terms. - Balliol College, OxfordBalliol College, OxfordBalliol College , founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England but founded by a family with strong Scottish connections....
established.
- January - Provisions of Westminster
- 1264
- April - Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford leads a massacre of the Jews at CanterburyCanterburyCanterbury is a historic English cathedral city, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour....
. - February - Second Barons' WarSecond Barons' WarThe Second Barons' War was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of barons led by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward , in the name of Henry III.-Causes:...
begins as Henry returns to fight Simon de Montfort's rebels. - 12 May to 14 May - Second Barons' War: The Battle of LewesBattle of LewesThe Battle of Lewes was one of two main battles of the conflict known as the Second Barons' War. It took place at Lewes in Sussex, on 14 May 1264...
is fought between Simon de Montfort and King Henry III in SussexSussexSussex , from the Old English Sūþsēaxe , is an historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. It is bounded on the north by Surrey, east by Kent, south by the English Channel, and west by Hampshire, and is divided for local government into West...
. By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his son, Prince EdwardEdward I of EnglandEdward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
, making de Montfort the "uncrowned king of England". - 12 August - Peace of CanterburyPeace of CanterburyDuring the Second Barons' War, the Peace of Canterbury was an agreement reached between the baronial government led by Simon de Montfort on one hand, and Henry III of England and his son and heir Edward the later King Edward I on the other...
: Papal legate and King Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of FranceLouis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
condemn the rebels, who are later excommunicatedExcommunicationExcommunication is a religious censure used to deprive, suspend or limit membership in a religious community. The word means putting [someone] out of communion. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group...
. - 14 September - Walter de MertonWalter de MertonWalter de Merton was Bishop of Rochester and founder of Merton College, Oxford.-Life:Walter was born probably at Merton in Surrey or educated there; hence the surname. He came of a land-owning family at Basingstoke; beyond that there is no definite information as to the date or place of birth...
formally completes the foundation of the House of Scholars of Merton (later Merton College, OxfordMerton College, OxfordMerton College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to...
) to provide education in MaldenOld MaldenOld Malden is a ward of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames south west of Charing Cross.It is one of the more affluent areas in the borough, with Coombe , and Kingston Vale...
and the University of OxfordUniversity of OxfordThe University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
. - In the Peerage of EnglandPeerage of EnglandThe Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
, the title Baron de RosBaron de RosThe title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England. The title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England. The title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England....
, the oldest continuously held peerage title in England, is created by writ of summons.
- April - Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford leads a massacre of the Jews at Canterbury
- 1265
- 20 January - De Montfort's ParliamentDe Montfort's ParliamentDe Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament of 1265, instigated by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader. Although this gathering did not have the approval of king Henry III, and the members convened without royal approval, most scholars believe this was the first gathering in England...
: the first to include burgesses, and to insist that members be elected. - 28 May - Second Barons' War: Prince Edward escapes from captivity and rejoins royalist forces.
- 22 June - Simon de Montfort signs a treaty with Llewelyn the Last, recognising his rule over WalesWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
. - 4 August - Second Barons' War: The Battle of EveshamBattle of EveshamThe Battle of Evesham was one of the two main battles of 13th century England's Second Barons' War. It marked the defeat of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and the rebellious barons by Prince Edward – later King Edward I – who led the forces of his father, King Henry III...
is fought in WorcestershireWorcestershireWorcestershire is a non-metropolitan county, established in antiquity, located in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region...
, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. - 16 September - Second Barons' War: Henry disinherits all rebels against his rule.
- 20 January - De Montfort's Parliament
- 1266
- June - Second Barons' War: Henry III besieges the rebels in Kenilworth CastleKenilworth CastleKenilworth Castle is located in the town of the same name in Warwickshire, England. Constructed from Norman through to Tudor times, the castle has been described by architectural historian Anthony Emery as "the finest surviving example of a semi-royal palace of the later middle ages, significant...
. - July - Second Barons' War: Liverpool CastleLiverpool CastleLiverpool Castle was a castle which was situated in Liverpool, England . It stood from the early 13th century to the early 18th century.-Construction:...
surrendered to Henry III's son, Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of LancasterEdmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of LancasterEdmund of Crouchback, 1st Earl of Leicester and Lancaster , was the second surviving son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. In his childhood he had a claim on the Kingdom of Sicily. His nickname refers to his participation in the Ninth Crusade.-Childhood:Edmund was born in London...
. - 31 October - Second Barons' War: The war winds down as supporters of the slain rebel leader Simon de Montfort make an offer of peace to the king in the Dictum of KenilworthDictum of KenilworthThe Dictum of Kenilworth, issued 31 October 1266, was a pronouncement designed to reconcile the rebels of the Barons' War with the royal government of England. After the baronial victory at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, Simon de Montfort took control of royal government, but at the Battle of Evesham...
. - 14 December - Kenilworth surrenders.
- June - Second Barons' War: Henry III besieges the rebels in Kenilworth Castle
- 1267
- 9 April - Second Barons' War: Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford occupies London.
- June - Second Barons' War: Prince Edward captures the Isle of ElyIsle of ElyThe Isle of Ely is a historic region around the city of Ely now in Cambridgeshire, England but previously a county in its own right.-Etymology:...
, and the remaining rebels surrender. - The Second Barons' War: Rebels and King Henry III agree to peace terms as laid out in the Dictum of Kenilworth.
- 29 September - Treaty of MontgomeryTreaty of MontgomeryBy means of the Treaty of Montgomery , Llywelyn ap Gruffydd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by the English king Henry III, the only time in history that an English ruler would recognise the right of a ruler of Gwynedd over Wales...
: King Henry III acknowledges Llywelyn the Last's title of Prince of WalesPrince of WalesPrince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the 15 other independent Commonwealth realms...
. - 18 November - The Statute of MarlboroughStatute of MarlboroughThe Statute of Marlborough was a set of laws passed by King Henry III of England in 1267. There were twenty-nine chapters, of which four are still in force...
is passed, confirming the Magna CartaMagna CartaMagna Carta is an English charter, originally issued in the year 1215 and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions, which included the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority to date. The charter first passed into law in 1225...
and the Provisions of Westminster. It is the oldest English law still (partially) in force. - Roger BaconRoger BaconRoger Bacon, O.F.M. , also known as Doctor Mirabilis , was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods...
completes his work Opus MajusOpus MajusThe Opus Majus is the most important work of Roger Bacon. It was written in Medieval Latin, at the request of Pope Clement IV, to explain the work that Bacon had undertaken. The 840-page treatise ranges over all aspects of natural science, from grammar and logic to mathematics, physics, and...
and sends it to Pope Clement IVPope Clement IVPope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France...
, who had requested it be written; the work contains wide-ranging discussion of mathematicsMathematicsMathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
, opticsOpticsOptics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light...
, alchemyAlchemyAlchemy is an influential philosophical tradition whose early practitioners’ claims to profound powers were known from antiquity. The defining objectives of alchemy are varied; these include the creation of the fabled philosopher's stone possessing powers including the capability of turning base...
, astronomyAstronomyAstronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth...
, astrologyAstrologyAstrology consists of a number of belief systems which hold that there is a relationship between astronomical phenomena and events in the human world...
and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a magnifying glassMagnifying glassA magnifying glass is a convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle ....
. Bacon also completes Opus Minus, a summary of Opus Majus, later in the same year.
- 1268
- Henry de BractonHenry de BractonHenry of Bracton, also Henry de Bracton, also Henrici Bracton, or Henry Bratton also Henry Bretton was an English jurist....
writes the first complete work on English law, De Legibus et Conseutudinibus Angliae.
- Henry de Bracton
- 1269
- 13 October - Dedication of the newly rebuilt Westminster AbbeyWestminster AbbeyThe Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English,...
.
- 13 October - Dedication of the newly rebuilt Westminster Abbey
Births
- 1260
- Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron CobhamHenry de Cobham, 1st Baron CobhamHenry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham was the son of John de Cobham of Cobham, Kent, and of Cowling or Cooling, Kent Sheriff of Kent, Constable of Rochester and Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by wife Joan de Septvans, daughter of Sir Robert de Septvans.His father was a brother of Sir Henry de Cobham,...
(died 1339)
- Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham
- 1261
- 1 February - Walter de StapledonWalter de StapledonWalter de Stapledon , English bishop, was born at Annery in North Devon.On 13 March 1307 Stapledon was chosen Bishop of Exeter, and was consecrated on 13 October 1308. He went on errands to France for both Edward I and Edward II, and attended the councils and parliaments of his time...
, bishop (died 1326)
- 1 February - Walter de Stapledon
- 1262
- Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser , sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England....
(died 1326)
- Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester
- 1267
- 3 February - Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel was an English Norman medieval nobleman.- Lineage :...
(died 1302)
- 3 February - Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel
Deaths
- 1260
- Aymer de ValenceAymer de ValenceAymer de Valence, also known as Aymer de Lusignan or Thelmar de Valence, was a Bishop of Winchester around 1250.-Life:...
, Bishop of WinchesterBishop of WinchesterThe Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England diocese of Winchester, with his cathedra at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire.The bishop is one of five Church of England bishops to be among the Lords Spiritual regardless of their length of service. His diocese is one of the oldest and...
(born c. 1222)
- Aymer de Valence
- 1262
- 15 July - Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, soldier (born 1222)
- 1263
- Hamo de CrevequerHamo de CrevequerHamo de Crevequer was a Norman nobleman who held the office of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.Gerinun de Holeburn was in 1263 one of a jury of twelve assembled lawfully to conclude upon an ‘inquisition into how much land ‘Hamo de Creuker’, Baron of Chatham, deceased, held of our Lord the King,...
, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (year of birth unknown)
- Hamo de Crevequer
- 1265
- 20 January - John MaunsellJohn MaunsellSir John Maunsell , also Sir John Mansel, Provost of Beverley, was king's clerk, and a judge. He served as chancellor to King Henry III and was England's first secretary of state.-Life:...
, Lord ChancellorLord ChancellorThe Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom. He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State, ranking only after the Lord High Steward. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign...
(born 1190s1190s in EnglandEvents from the 1190s in England.-Incumbents:Monarch – King Richard I , King John-Events:* 1190** 6 February - Massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.** 7 March - Massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair....
) - 25 April - Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of WinchesterRoger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of WinchesterRoger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester was a medieval nobleman who was prominent on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border, as Earl of Winchester and Constable of Scotland....
, politician (born 1195) - 4 August - Killed in the Battle of Evesham:
- Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le DespencerHugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le DespencerSir Hugh was an important ally of Simon de Montfort during the reign of Henry III. He served briefly as Justiciar of England in 1260 and as Constable of the Tower of London....
(born 1223) - Henry de MontfortHenry de MontfortSir Henry de Montfort was the son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and with his father played an important role in the struggle of the barons against King Henry III...
(born 1238) - Peter de MontfortPeter de MontfortSir Peter de Montfort was an English parliamentarian.In 1257 he was High Sheriff of Staffordshire and Shropshire....
(born c. 1215) - Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 6th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester , sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from other Simon de Montforts, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. He led the barons' rebellion against King Henry III of England during the Second Barons' War of 1263-4, and...
(born 1208)
- Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer
- 20 January - John Maunsell
- 1266
- Hugh BigodHugh Bigod (Justiciar)Hugh Bigod was Justiciar of England from 1258 to 1260. He was a younger son of Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk.In 1258 the Provisions of Oxford established a baronial government of which Hugh's elder brother Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk was a leading member, and Hugh was appointed Chief...
, Justiciar (born c. 1211)
- Hugh Bigod
- 1267
- John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 6th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan , Lord of Oswestry and Clun, and de jure Earl of Arundel, was a Breton-English nobleman and Marcher Lord with lands in the Welsh Marches.-Family:...
(born 1223)
- John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel
- 1268
- Henry de BractonHenry de BractonHenry of Bracton, also Henry de Bracton, also Henrici Bracton, or Henry Bratton also Henry Bretton was an English jurist....
, jurist (year of birth unknown)
- Henry de Bracton