Gamma subunit of ATP synthase F1 complex forms the central shaft that connects the F0 rotary motor to the F1 catalytic core. F-ATP synthase

ATP synthase

right|thumb|300px|Molecular model of ATP synthase by X-ray diffraction methodATP synthase is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate . ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells from most organisms...

s (also known as F1F0-ATPase, or H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) are composed of two linked complexes: the F1 ATPase complex is the catalytic core and is composed of 5 subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta

ATP synthase delta subunit

ATP synthase delta subunit is a subunit of bacterial and chloroplast ATPase, or OSCP in mitochondrial ATPase ....

, epsilon), while the F0 ATPase complex is the membrane

Biological membrane

A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separatingmembrane that acts as a selective barrier, within or around a cell. It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that may constitute close to 50% of membrane content...

-embedded proton channel that is composed of at least 3 subunits (A-C), nine in mitochondria (A-G, F6, F8).

The human ATP synthase gamma subunit is encoded by the gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

 ATP5C1

ATP5C1

ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5C1 gene.-Further reading:...

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Molecular Interactions

Both the F1 and F0 complexes are rotary motors that are coupled back-to-back. In the F1 complex, the central gamma subunit forms the rotor inside the cylinder made of the alpha(3)beta(3) subunits, while in the F0 complex, the ring-shaped C subunits forms the rotor. The two rotors rotate in opposite directions, but the F0 rotor is usually stronger, using the force from the proton gradient to push the F1 rotor in reverse in order to drive ATP synthesis. These ATPases can also work in reverse to hydrolyse ATP to create a proton gradient.

The ATPase F1 complex gamma subunit forms the central shaft that connects the F0 rotary motor to the F1 catalytic core. The gamma subunit functions as a rotary motor inside the cylinder formed by the alpha(3)beta(3) subunits in the F1 complex. The best-conserved region of the gamma subunit is its C-terminus, which seems to be essential for assembly and catalysis

Catalysis

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....

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