Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras
Encyclopedia
The Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (English
: Military Academy of the Black Needles - named after the Pico das Agulhas Negras
; AMAN) is the biggest among several schools of formation of combatant officers of the Brazilian Army
. It originated in 1792 with the creation of the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing - first military school of the Americas - in the city
of Rio de Janeiro
. Today the Academy is located in the city of Resende
, in the state of Rio de Janeiro
.
and engineering officers of the Portuguese Army
in Brazil. This Academy is considered the pioneer of the military and engineering education in the Americas.
The transfer of the Portuguese Royal Court from Lisbon
to Rio de Janeiro
in 1808 caused King Dom João VI to inaugurate in 23 April of 1811 the Royal Military Academy, incorporating the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing. Its first location was at the Train's House of the Artillery, today the location of the National Historical Museum of Brazil
.
In 1812, the Train's House was transferred to the Plaza of São Francisco, a place that offered better conditions for warfare maneuvers. With the Independence of Brazil in 1822, it was renamed the Imperial Military Academy.
With the ever-growing need to improve the training of the officers of the Brazilian Army, it was merged with the School of War in Porto Alegre
, Rio Grande Do Sul
. In 1913, with the objective of uniting all the military institutes of War and Application, was created the Military Academy.
With the urgent need to expand its facilities to absorb an Army that grew and got operational was created, on January 1, 1944 in the city of Resende, the Military School of Resende. It was renamed the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras in 1951.
occupies 67 km². It contains several complexes, including the Main Complex, the Physical Education Department, the Equestrian Department, the Firearms Department and the Instruction Park. The Main Complex was expanded in 1988 to two times its original size, the expansion consisting mainly of refectories and cadets' lodgings. The Command and Services Battalion
includes the Headquarters Company, a Service Company, a Military Police Company, a Guard Company, a Rifleman Company, and two Corps of Cadets Auxiliary Companies. It is the largest Battalion of the Brazilian Army.
, cavalry
, artillery
, combat engineering
, communications, quartermaster
, and ordnance.
Cadets receive training in riding, weaponry, and physical fitness.
A cadet's career at the academy is divided into three periods. The first period, basic formation, takes place during the first two years. The second period, qualification, takes up the third year. The third period, qualification and intensification of instruction, takes place in the fourth year.
In the first period, the cadet's personality is adjusted to military life and combat. The cadet undergoes physical qualification and training in various abilities. During the second period, the cadet practices command and continues with physical training. The objective of the third period is the development of the cadet to meet the positions and functions of subordinate officer and captain.
Other activities include maneuvers, the Academic Olympics, sporting competitions against the Naval School and the Academy of the Air Force (NAVAMAER) and the South American Festival of Cadets.
) and new campus (Resende
, Rio de Janeiro state):
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: Military Academy of the Black Needles - named after the Pico das Agulhas Negras
Pico das Agulhas Negras
Pico das Agulhas Negras is the fifth highest mountain in Brazil, standing at above sea level, making it one of the highest in the Brazilian Highlands...
; AMAN) is the biggest among several schools of formation of combatant officers of the Brazilian Army
Brazilian Army
The Brazilian Army is the land arm of the Brazilian Military. The Brazilian Army has fought in several international conflicts, mostly in South America and during the 19th century, such as the Brazilian War of Independence , Argentina-Brazil War , War of the Farrapos , Platine War , Uruguayan War ...
. It originated in 1792 with the creation of the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing - first military school of the Americas - in the city
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
. Today the Academy is located in the city of Resende
Resende, Rio de Janeiro
Resende is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 119,801 and its area is 1,144 km².Resendense refers to people or things from Resende, RJ. Its territory boundaries to the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais...
, in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro (state)
Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 states of Brazil.Rio de Janeiro has the second largest economy of Brazil behind only São Paulo state.The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast...
.
History
In 1792, Queen Mary I of Portugal founded the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho (Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing) in Rio de Janeiro, modeled after the similar existing Academy in Lisbon, intended to the train the artilleryArtillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
and engineering officers of the Portuguese Army
Portuguese Army
The Portuguese Army is the ground branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in co-operation with other branches of the Portuguese military, is charged with the defence of Portugal...
in Brazil. This Academy is considered the pioneer of the military and engineering education in the Americas.
The transfer of the Portuguese Royal Court from Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
in 1808 caused King Dom João VI to inaugurate in 23 April of 1811 the Royal Military Academy, incorporating the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing. Its first location was at the Train's House of the Artillery, today the location of the National Historical Museum of Brazil
National Historical Museum of Brazil
The National Historical Museum of Brazil , was created in 1922, and possesses over 287,000 items, among of which the largest numismatic collection of Latin America. The architectonic complex that houses the museum was built in 1603 as the St James of Mercy Fort; the first structures date back from...
.
With the ever-growing need to improve the training of the officers of the Brazilian Army, it was merged with the School of War in Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the tenth most populous municipality in Brazil, with 1,409,939 inhabitants, and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area . It is also the capital city of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian...
, Rio Grande Do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
. In 1913, with the objective of uniting all the military institutes of War and Application, was created the Military Academy.
With the urgent need to expand its facilities to absorb an Army that grew and got operational was created, on January 1, 1944 in the city of Resende, the Military School of Resende. It was renamed the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras in 1951.
AMAN today
The AMAN campus in ResendeResende, Rio de Janeiro
Resende is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 119,801 and its area is 1,144 km².Resendense refers to people or things from Resende, RJ. Its territory boundaries to the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais...
occupies 67 km². It contains several complexes, including the Main Complex, the Physical Education Department, the Equestrian Department, the Firearms Department and the Instruction Park. The Main Complex was expanded in 1988 to two times its original size, the expansion consisting mainly of refectories and cadets' lodgings. The Command and Services Battalion
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel...
includes the Headquarters Company, a Service Company, a Military Police Company, a Guard Company, a Rifleman Company, and two Corps of Cadets Auxiliary Companies. It is the largest Battalion of the Brazilian Army.
Structure
The Cadet corps are constituted by a Commander, a Deputy Commander, a staff and diverse Courses and peculiar Sections, composites for Officers and Cadets with the diverse missions and characteristics. Specialties include infantryInfantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
, cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
, artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
, combat engineering
Combat engineering
A combat engineer, also called pioneer or sapper in many armies, is a soldier who performs a variety of construction and demolition tasks under combat conditions...
, communications, quartermaster
Quartermaster
Quartermaster refers to two different military occupations depending on if the assigned unit is land based or naval.In land armies, especially US units, it is a term referring to either an individual soldier or a unit who specializes in distributing supplies and provisions to troops. The senior...
, and ordnance.
Cadets receive training in riding, weaponry, and physical fitness.
The Education
In the first period, the cadet's personality is adjusted to military life and combat. The cadet undergoes physical qualification and training in various abilities. During the second period, the cadet practices command and continues with physical training. The objective of the third period is the development of the cadet to meet the positions and functions of subordinate officer and captain.
Other activities include maneuvers, the Academic Olympics, sporting competitions against the Naval School and the Academy of the Air Force (NAVAMAER) and the South American Festival of Cadets.
Notable alumni
Alumni from the Military Academy in Rio de Janeiro, both in the old campus (Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
) and new campus (Resende
Resende
-Portugal:* Resende Municipality, a municipality in the district of Viseu* Resende , a civil parish in the municipality of Resende* Resende , a civil parish in the municipality of Paredes de Coura...
, Rio de Janeiro state):
- Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias - Aide-de-Camp to Emperor Dom Pedro II and Prime Minister of BrazilPrime Minister of BrazilDuring two periods in the political history of Brazil was a parliamentary system of Government put in place, with a prime minister heading the Cabinet....
. - José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco - Prime Minister of Brazil.
- Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay - Brazilian aristocrat, military officer and writer.
- Hermes Rodrigues da FonsecaHermes Rodrigues da FonsecaHermes Rodrigues da Fonseca was a Brazilian soldier and politician. The nephew of Deodoro da Fonseca, the first Brazilian President, he was the country's Minister of War in 1906...
- Marshal and President of BrazilPresident of BrazilThe president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
. - Eurico Gaspar DutraEurico Gaspar DutraEurico Gaspar Dutra , was a Brazilian marshal, politician and president of Brazil from 1946–1951.He was born in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, and like many other Brazilians, was from Azorean-Portuguese origin...
- Marshal, President of Brazil and Minister of War during World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. - Humberto de Alencar Castelo BrancoHumberto de Alencar Castelo BrancoMarshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco was a Brazilian military leader and politician.He was President of Brazil, as a military dictator, after the 1964 coup d'etat...
- Marshal and President of Brazil. - Artur da Costa e SilvaArtur da Costa e SilvaArtur da Costa e Silva was a Brazilian Army General, the second President of Brazil during the military regime set up by the 1964 coup d'état; he was born only a month before the coup that overthrow Dom Pedro II. He was married to Iolanda Barbosa Costa e Silva, the daughter of a soldier...
- General and President of Brazil. - Luís Carlos PrestesLuís Carlos PrestesLuís Carlos Prestes was a leader of the 1920s tenente rebellion and the Communist opposition to the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil....
- Brazilian communist leader. - Emílio Garrastazu MédiciEmílio Garrastazu MédiciEmílio Garrastazu Médici, was a Brazilian military leader and politician. His rightist rule from 1969 to 1974, marked the apex of military governments in Brazil.-Early life:...
- General and President of Brazil. - Golbery do Couto e SilvaGolbery do Couto e SilvaGolbery do Couto e Silva was a Brazilian General of the Army, who developed the Brazilian National Security Doctrine....
- General and founder of the National Intelligence Service of BrazilNational Intelligence Service of BrazilThe Serviço Nacional de Informações, or SNI of Brazil was an intelligence agency formed by the Castelo Branco government in 1964. SNI was disbanded for a time and later resumed operations under the name Agência Brasileira de Inteligência.-History:Originally, the SNI was a civilian agency under the...
(SNI). - João Baptista de Oliveira FigueiredoJoão Baptista de Oliveira FigueiredoJoão Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo was a Brazilian military leader and politician. He was chief of the Secret Service during the term of his predecessor Ernesto Geisel. Figueiredo was chosen to be president of Brazil by the former military leader, General Ernesto Geisel. He took the oath of...
- President of Brazil, previous chief of the National Intelligence Service of Brazil. - Aldo Vieira da Rosa - Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Stanford UniversityStanford UniversityThe Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
. - Floriano Peixoto Vieira NetoFloriano Peixoto Vieira NetoMajor General Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto, is an officer of the Brazilian Army and the current commander of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti . Born in Minas Gerais, he is a graduate of the Agulhas Negras Military Academy and has served as commander of three different army...
- Major General, Commander of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in HaitiUnited Nations Stabilization Mission in HaitiThe United Nations Stabilisation Mission In Haiti , also known as MINUSTAH, an acronym of the French translation, is a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti that has been in operation since 2004. The mission's military component is led by the Brazilian Army and the force commander is...
(MINUSTAH). - Carlos LamarcaCarlos LamarcaCarlos Lamarca was a Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to become a communist guerilla member. He was a part of the revolutionary guerrilla group Popular Revolutionary Vanguard and became, along with Carlos Marighella, one of the major elements of communist subversion in Brazil...
- Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to become a communist guerilla. - Enzo Martins PeriEnzo Martins PeriGeneral Enzo Martins Peri is the current Brazilian Army commander. He assumed his current assignment on March 8, 2007.-Biography:General Enzo was born in Rio de Janeiro in Abril 11th, 1941 and begun his military career in February 1960, when he entered the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras...
- Major General, the current Brazilian ArmyBrazilian ArmyThe Brazilian Army is the land arm of the Brazilian Military. The Brazilian Army has fought in several international conflicts, mostly in South America and during the 19th century, such as the Brazilian War of Independence , Argentina-Brazil War , War of the Farrapos , Platine War , Uruguayan War ...
commander.
See also
- Brazilian ArmyBrazilian ArmyThe Brazilian Army is the land arm of the Brazilian Military. The Brazilian Army has fought in several international conflicts, mostly in South America and during the 19th century, such as the Brazilian War of Independence , Argentina-Brazil War , War of the Farrapos , Platine War , Uruguayan War ...
- Academia da Força AéreaAcademia da Força AéreaThe Academia da Força Aérea is a Brazilian Air Force's educational institution that provides initial officer training for the main Officers Boards of Brazil's Air Force Command. The Academy is located east of Pirassununga city, in São Paulo State county, and it is the largest Brazilian Air Base as...
External links
- Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras Official website
- Resende.com City maps and tourist information
- Video - Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras - Programa TVendo e Aprendendo 19/05/2009