Adam Heinrich von Steinau
Encyclopedia
Adam Heinrich Graf von Steinau (died 1712) was a Saxon
Generalfeldmarschall
.
Steinau served in the Bavaria
n contingent in the 1685-1688 campaign in Ottoman Hungary
against the Ottoman Empire
. He then participated in the War of the Grand Alliance
against France under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
and in the successful siege of Mainz
in 1689. Later he entered the service of the Republic of Venice
in the 1695 war against the Ottoman Empire. In 1695-96 he was in the service of the Saxon elector Frederick August I (Augustus II the Strong
, King of Poland) as the commander of the imperial troops in Royal Hungary
in the continuous war with the Ottoman Turks
.
On 27 August 1699 Steinau was promoted to the rank of the Generalfeldmarschall. With his Saxon troops he participated on behalf of Augustus II the Strong
in the Great Northern War
defending Livonia
in the Courland
campaign, and in February - November 1700 the siege of Riga
. In July 1700 he won a battle in Jungfernhof (Jumpravmuiža, Jumprava) near Riga against the young Swedish general Otto Vellingk
.
On 9 July 1701 Steinau lost at the Crossing of the Daugava
against King Charles XII of Sweden
. On 9 July 1702 in Poland he lost the battle of Kliszów
. On April 21, 1703 a decisive battle was fought in Pułtusk where the Swedish
army under Charles XII defeated and captured a large part of the Saxon army under Steinau. After this defeat Steinau time entered the service of Venice for a second time. He regarded service to Venice according to his own statement as "part of his old person".
In 1705 the count purchased Schinkau
and Nebillau
including Nettonitz
. In 1706 he commissioned construction of the Nebillau palace to building master Jakob Auguston from Pilsen. After his death in Nebillau, Steinau was buried on the grounds of the Jakobus Church in Prusing.
Electorate of Saxony
The Electorate of Saxony , sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356...
Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall
Field Marshal or Generalfeldmarschall in German, was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Austrian Empire, the rank Feldmarschall was used...
.
Steinau served in the Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
n contingent in the 1685-1688 campaign in Ottoman Hungary
Ottoman Hungary
History of Ottoman Hungary refers to the history of parts of the Ottoman Empire situated in what today is Hungary, in the period from 1541 to 1699.-History:...
against the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. He then participated in the War of the Grand Alliance
War of the Grand Alliance
The Nine Years' War – often called the War of the Grand Alliance, the War of the Palatine Succession, or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th century fought between King Louis XIV of France, and a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance, led by the Anglo-Dutch...
against France under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
Charles V , Karl V. Leopold, , son of Nicolas François, Duke of Lorraine, and Claude Françoise de Lorraine. Karl Leopold was born in Vienna and became the brother in law of Emperor Leopold and son in law of emperor Ferdinand III...
and in the successful siege of Mainz
Mainz
Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
in 1689. Later he entered the service of the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
in the 1695 war against the Ottoman Empire. In 1695-96 he was in the service of the Saxon elector Frederick August I (Augustus II the Strong
Augustus II the Strong
Frederick Augustus I or Augustus II the Strong was Elector of Saxony and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania ....
, King of Poland) as the commander of the imperial troops in Royal Hungary
Royal Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary between 1538 and 1867 was part of the lands of the Habsburg Monarchy, while outside the Holy Roman Empire.After Battle of Mohács, the country was ruled by two crowned kings . They divided the kingdom in 1538...
in the continuous war with the Ottoman Turks
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes. Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks is scarce, but they take their Turkish name, Osmanlı , from the house of Osman I The Ottoman...
.
On 27 August 1699 Steinau was promoted to the rank of the Generalfeldmarschall. With his Saxon troops he participated on behalf of Augustus II the Strong
Augustus II the Strong
Frederick Augustus I or Augustus II the Strong was Elector of Saxony and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania ....
in the Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
defending Livonia
Livonia
Livonia is a historic region along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida...
in the Courland
Courland
Courland is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland.- Geography and climate :...
campaign, and in February - November 1700 the siege of Riga
Riga
Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,...
. In July 1700 he won a battle in Jungfernhof (Jumpravmuiža, Jumprava) near Riga against the young Swedish general Otto Vellingk
Otto Vellingk
-Biography:He was born in 1649 to Otto Gotthardsson Vellingk and Christina Nilsdotter Mannersköld, and had a brother, Mauritz Wellingk. He was promoted to general in 1698....
.
On 9 July 1701 Steinau lost at the Crossing of the Daugava
Crossing of the Daugava
The Crossing of the Düna on July 9, 1701 was a Swedish push into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Swedes' victory at the Narva in late 1700. The Swedish king Charles XII was in hot pursuit king Augustus II the Strong of Poland and Saxony, who was commanding Saxon and Russian troops...
against King Charles XII of Sweden
Charles XII of Sweden
Charles XII also Carl of Sweden, , Latinized to Carolus Rex, Turkish: Demirbaş Şarl, also known as Charles the Habitué was the King of the Swedish Empire from 1697 to 1718...
. On 9 July 1702 in Poland he lost the battle of Kliszów
Battle of Kliszów
The Battle of Klissow took place on July 8 / July 9 / July 19, 1702 near Kliszów, Poland-Lithuania, during the Great Northern War...
. On April 21, 1703 a decisive battle was fought in Pułtusk where the Swedish
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
army under Charles XII defeated and captured a large part of the Saxon army under Steinau. After this defeat Steinau time entered the service of Venice for a second time. He regarded service to Venice according to his own statement as "part of his old person".
In 1705 the count purchased Schinkau
Žinkovy
Žinkovy is a market town in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic.The town covers an area of , and has a population of 899 .Žinkovy lies approximately south of Plzeň and south-west of Prague....
and Nebillau
Nebílovy
Nebílovy is a village and municipality in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 312 ....
including Nettonitz
Netunice
Netunice is a village and municipality in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 170 ....
. In 1706 he commissioned construction of the Nebillau palace to building master Jakob Auguston from Pilsen. After his death in Nebillau, Steinau was buried on the grounds of the Jakobus Church in Prusing.