Akzo Nobel
Encyclopedia
Akzo Nobel N.V., trading as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch
multinational, active in the fields of decorative paint
s, performance coating
s and specialty chemicals. Headquartered in Amsterdam, the company has activities in more than 80 countries, and employs approximately 55,000 people. Sales in 2010 were EUR 14.6 billion. Following the acquisition of ICI
, the company has restructured in 2 January 2008, and rebranded itself in 25 April of the same year.
As of January 1, 2011, a nine member-strong Executive Committee (ExCo) was established, which is composed of five members of the Board of Management (BOM) and four leaders with functional expertise, allowing both the functions and the business areas to be represented at the highest levels in the company.
The ExCo includes Chairman and CEO Hans Wijers
, CFO Keith Nichols, Leif Darner (responsible for Performance Coatings), Rob Frohn (responsible for Speciality Chemicals), Tex Gunning (responsible for Decorative Paints), Graeme Armstrong (responsible for Research, Development & Innovation), Sven Dumoulin (General Counsel), Werner Fuhrmann (responsible for Supply Chain/Sourcing) and Marjan Oudeman (responsible for HR and Organizational Development). The board holds office in Amsterdam
. Prior to August 2007, the group was headquartered in Arnhem
.
Due to high revenues from the sales of its pharmaceutical business, AkzoNobel was the world's most profitable company in 2008.
AkzoNobel markets their products under various brandnames such as Dulux
, Cuprinol, Tintas Coral, Hammerite, Herbol, Sico, Sikkens, International, Interpon, Casco, Nordsjö, Sadolin, Taubmans, Lesonal, Levis, Glidden
, Flood, Flora, Vivexrom, Marshall, and Pinotech just to mention a few. These products were used on London
's Millennium Wheel
, La Scala
Opera House in Milan
, the Öresund Bridge
between Denmark
and Sweden
, the Beijing National Stadium
, Airbus A380
, and Stadium Australia in Sydney
.
As chemicals producer, AkzoNobel is a world leading salt
specialist, chloralkali products, and other industrial chemicals. Ultimately, AkzoNobel products are found in everyday items such as paper, ice cream, bakery goods, cosmetics, plastics and glass. Each business unit has an annual turnover of approx EUR 600–1000 million.
Later renamed Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek (Enka).
Enka's rayon spinning machines continually breakdown. Its director, Jacques Coenraad Hartogs, turns to Netherlands electrical pioneer and friend Rento Hofstede Crull for a solution. To manufacturer the spinning pot one of Hofstede Crull's companies, De Vijf and Jacques Coenraad Hartogs Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek form a joint venture: ISEM. The profit of this joint venture allowed the Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek to establish subsidiaries in the United States, the American Enka Company
as also circumventing trade protectionism.
in 1646. Nobel Industries was created in 1984 by the merger of a chemical company, KemaNobel, and the armaments maker, Bofors. Both Bofors and KemaNobel had historic ties to Alfred Nobel
, the great 19th century Swedish inventor who was the first to discover a way to detonate the flammable liquid nitroglycerin.
Cascogard develops into the production of agricultural chemicals such as weed killers, insecticide
s and fungicide
s.
The specialty chemicals division KemaNord Specialty Chemicals changes its name to KenoGard.
At that time KenoGard produces organic specialty chemicals for plant and wood protection, disinfection and hygiene, paper production, plastics production, oil production, road construction, fertilizer production and mineral purification.
Probel produces specialty chemicals and systems for agriculture, food and technical industries. Probel is in turn divided into two areas, Kenogard, for plant and wood protection, and Surfactant
s, for initiators, detergent
s, anti-caking and ScanRoad.
Together with Casco and Nordsjo forms the business area, Casco Nobel.
Nobelpharma (Nobel Biotech) and Spectra-Physics, becomes listed on Stockholm Stock-Exchange.
The new Akzo Nobel has 20 business entities.
The first products are chlorine
and alkali
.
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
multinational, active in the fields of decorative paint
Paint
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...
s, performance coating
Coating
Coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as the substrate. In many cases coatings are applied to improve surface properties of the substrate, such as appearance, adhesion, wetability, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and scratch resistance...
s and specialty chemicals. Headquartered in Amsterdam, the company has activities in more than 80 countries, and employs approximately 55,000 people. Sales in 2010 were EUR 14.6 billion. Following the acquisition of ICI
Imperial Chemical Industries
Imperial Chemical Industries was a British chemical company, taken over by AkzoNobel, a Dutch conglomerate, one of the largest chemical producers in the world. In its heyday, ICI was the largest manufacturing company in the British Empire, and commonly regarded as a "bellwether of the British...
, the company has restructured in 2 January 2008, and rebranded itself in 25 April of the same year.
Organization
AkzoNobel consists of 19 business units, with business responsibility and autonomy. For managerial purpose these cooperate in three groups, which are supported by one managerial board.As of January 1, 2011, a nine member-strong Executive Committee (ExCo) was established, which is composed of five members of the Board of Management (BOM) and four leaders with functional expertise, allowing both the functions and the business areas to be represented at the highest levels in the company.
The ExCo includes Chairman and CEO Hans Wijers
Hans Wijers
Gerardus Johannes Wijers is the current CEO of AkzoNobel. From 1994 until 1998 he was a minister of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands for the liberal democrats party D66.- Personal :...
, CFO Keith Nichols, Leif Darner (responsible for Performance Coatings), Rob Frohn (responsible for Speciality Chemicals), Tex Gunning (responsible for Decorative Paints), Graeme Armstrong (responsible for Research, Development & Innovation), Sven Dumoulin (General Counsel), Werner Fuhrmann (responsible for Supply Chain/Sourcing) and Marjan Oudeman (responsible for HR and Organizational Development). The board holds office in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
. Prior to August 2007, the group was headquartered in Arnhem
Arnhem
Arnhem is a city and municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and located near the river Nederrijn as well as near the St. Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem has 146,095 residents as one of the...
.
Due to high revenues from the sales of its pharmaceutical business, AkzoNobel was the world's most profitable company in 2008.
Decorative paints
AkzoNobel is the world's leading decorative paints company. This part of the business is mostly geographically organized:- Decorative paints EMEA
- Decorative paints Southeast Asia and Pacific
- Decorative paints China and North Asia
- Decorative paints India and South Asia
- Decorative paints United States
- Decorative paints Canada
- Decorative paints Latin America
AkzoNobel markets their products under various brandnames such as Dulux
Dulux
Dulux is an internationally available brand of paint. It is produced by AkzoNobel . The brand name Dulux has been used by both ICI and DuPont since 1931 and was one of the first alkyd-based paints.-History:...
, Cuprinol, Tintas Coral, Hammerite, Herbol, Sico, Sikkens, International, Interpon, Casco, Nordsjö, Sadolin, Taubmans, Lesonal, Levis, Glidden
Glidden (paints)
The Glidden Company was a paint company started in 1875 by Francis Harrington Glidden, Levi Brackett and Thomas Bolles. The company started in 1875 as the Glidden-Brackett Company; and was renamed later to the Glidden & Joy Company, and in 1890 incorporated as The Glidden Varnish Company. It is...
, Flood, Flora, Vivexrom, Marshall, and Pinotech just to mention a few. These products were used on London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
's Millennium Wheel
London Eye
The London Eye is a tall giant Ferris wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames, in London, England.It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe, and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3.5 million people annually...
, La Scala
La Scala
La Scala , is a world renowned opera house in Milan, Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the New Royal-Ducal Theatre at La Scala...
Opera House in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, the Öresund Bridge
Oresund Bridge
The Øresund or Öresund Bridge is a combined twin-track railway and dual carriageway bridge-tunnel across the Øresund strait.The bridge connects Sweden and Denmark, and it is the longest road and rail bridge in Europe. The Øresund Bridge also connects two major Metropolitan Areas: those of the...
between Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
and Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, the Beijing National Stadium
Beijing National Stadium
Beijing National Stadium, also known officially as the National Stadium, or colloquially as the Bird's Nest , is a stadium in Beijing, China. The stadium was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.-History:...
, Airbus A380
Airbus A380
The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by the European corporation Airbus, a subsidiary of EADS. It is the largest passenger airliner in the world. Due to its size, many airports had to modify and improve facilities to accommodate it...
, and Stadium Australia in Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
.
Performance coatings
AkzoNobel is a leading coatings company whose key products include automotive coatings, specialized equipment for the car repair and transportation market and marine coatings. The coatings groups consist of the following business units:- Automotive & Aerospace Coatings (A&AC)
- Industrial CoatingIndustrial coatingAn industrial coating is a paint or coating defined by its protective, rather than its aesthetic properties, although it can provide both.The most common use of industrial coatings is for corrosion control of steel structures such as offshore platforms, bridges and underground pipelines. Other...
s - Wood FinishesWood finishingWood finishing refers to the process of embellishing and/or protecting the surface of a wooden material. The process starts with surface preparation, either by sanding by hand , scraping, or planing. Imperfections or nail holes on the surface may be filled using wood putty or pores may be filled...
and Wood Adhesives - Powder coatingPowder coatingthumb|right|Aluminium extrusions being powder coatedPowder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. The main difference between a conventional liquid paint and a powder coating is that the powder coating does not require a solvent to keep the binder and filler...
s (POW) - Marine and protective coatings (MPC)
- Packaging coatings
Specialty chemicals
The chemicals group now consists of six business units.- Industrial Chemicals (IC), before 1 January 2009 known as Base Chemicals (BC)
- Functional Chemicals (FC), including former Polymer Chemicals (PC)
- Surface Chemistry (SC)
- Pulp and Paper chemicalsPaper chemicals-Optical brightening agent:Optical brightener is used to make paper appear more white. Optical brightening agents use fluorescence to absorb invisible radiation from the ultraviolet part of the light spectrum and re-emit the radiation as light in the visible blue range. The optical brightening...
, under brand name Eka Chemicals (PPC) - Specialty Polymers
- Regional and Industrial activities
As chemicals producer, AkzoNobel is a world leading salt
Salt
In chemistry, salts are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically neutral...
specialist, chloralkali products, and other industrial chemicals. Ultimately, AkzoNobel products are found in everyday items such as paper, ice cream, bakery goods, cosmetics, plastics and glass. Each business unit has an annual turnover of approx EUR 600–1000 million.
History
AkzoNobel has a long history of mergers and divestments. Parts of the current company can be traced back to 17th century companies. The milestone mergers and divestments are the formation of AKZO in 1969, the merger with Nobel Industries in 1994 forming Akzo Nobel, and the divestment of its pharmaceutical business and the merger with ICI in 2007/2008 resulting in current day AkzoNobel.AKZO 1792–1969 (original AKZO companies)
- 1792 Sikkens Lakken, lacquers manufacturer founded by Wiert Willem Sikkens in Groningen, the Netherlands.
- 1835 Ketjen, sulfuric acidSulfuric acidSulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula . Its historical name is oil of vitriol. Pure sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, viscous liquid. The salts of sulfuric acid are called sulfates...
producer founded by Gerhard Tileman Ketjen in AmsterdamAmsterdamAmsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
. - 1838 Noury & Van der Lande, oils and oatmealOatmealOatmeal is ground oat groats , or a porridge made from oats . Oatmeal can also be ground oat, steel-cut oats, crushed oats, or rolled oats....
company in DeventerDeventerDeventer is a municipality and city in the Salland region of the Dutch province of Overijssel. Deventer is largely situated on the east bank of the river IJssel, but also has a small part of its territory on the west bank. In 2005 the municipality of Bathmen Deventer is a municipality and city in... - 1886 Kortman and Schulte, a chemicals and sodaSodium carbonateSodium carbonate , Na2CO3 is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. It most commonly occurs as a crystalline heptahydrate, which readily effloresces to form a white powder, the monohydrate. Sodium carbonate is domestically well-known for its everyday use as a water softener. It can be extracted from the...
factory was founded by Constant Kortman and Herman Schulte in RotterdamRotterdamRotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...
. - 1887 Zwanenberg, pharmaceuticals laboratory in OssOssOss is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands, in the province of Noord Brabant.- Population centres :-Transportation:* Railway stations: Oss, Oss West, Ravenstein- The city of Oss :...
- 1899 Vereinigte Glanßstoff Fabriken, fiberFiberFiber is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread.They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissues together....
producer in Oberbruch, HeinsbergHeinsbergHeinsberg is the capital of the district Heinsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Wurm, approx...
Germany. - 1911 Eerste Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek Arnhem, rayonRayonRayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally occurring polymers, it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic or artificial fiber. Rayon is known by the names viscose rayon and art silk in the textile industry...
(artificial silk) company founded by Jacques Coenraad Hartogs in ArnhemArnhemArnhem is a city and municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and located near the river Nederrijn as well as near the St. Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem has 146,095 residents as one of the...
.
Later renamed Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek (Enka).
- 1918 Nederlandse Zoutindustrie (KNZ, NeZo), saltSaltIn chemistry, salts are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically neutral...
producer in BoekeloBoekeloBoekelo is a Dutch village in the municipality of Enschede in the Eastern Netherlands, the population is estimated at approximately 2500. It is located just west of Usselo. The village is known for the Military Boekelo Enschede, an international equestrian event.It is also known for the salt...
. - 1921 Armour and CompanyArmour and CompanyArmour & Company was an American slaughterhouse and meatpacking company founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1867 by the Armour brothers, led by Philip Danforth Armour. By 1880, the company was Chicago's most important business and helped make the city and its Union Stock Yards the center of the...
, US slaughtering industry starts fatty acidFatty acidIn chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail , which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are usually derived from...
factory, in ChicagoChicagoChicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
. - 1923 OrganonOrganon InternationalOrganon is a human pharmaceutical company headquartered in Oss, Netherlands. In November 2007 the company became a part of Schering-Plough Corporation, acquired Organon, active pharmaceutical ingredient producer Diosynth , and its veterinary pharmaceutical sister company Intervet from Akzo Nobel. ...
, pharmaceuticals company founded by Saal van Zwanenberg in Oss. - 1928 De Internationale Spinpot Exploitatie Maatschappij (ISEM) manufacturer spinningSpinning (polymers)Spinning is manufacturing process for creating polymer fibers. It is a specialized form of extrusion that uses a spinneret to form multiple continuous filaments. There are four types of spinning: wet, dry, melt, and gel spinning.-Process:...
devices.
Enka's rayon spinning machines continually breakdown. Its director, Jacques Coenraad Hartogs, turns to Netherlands electrical pioneer and friend Rento Hofstede Crull for a solution. To manufacturer the spinning pot one of Hofstede Crull's companies, De Vijf and Jacques Coenraad Hartogs Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek form a joint venture: ISEM. The profit of this joint venture allowed the Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek to establish subsidiaries in the United States, the American Enka Company
Enka, North Carolina
Enka is an unincorporated community in Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. It lies on U.S. Routes 19, 23, and 74 Business near the interchange of Interstates 26, 40, and 240. Although it is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 28728. The American Enka Company,...
as also circumventing trade protectionism.
- 1929 merger of Vereinigte Glanszstoff Fabriken with Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek, forming Algemene Kunstzijde Unie (AKU).
- 1938 intergration of ISEM with the AKU after Hofstede Crull's death.
- 1947 merger of Zwanenberg and Organon to Zwanenberg–Organon, renamed in 1953 Koninklijke Zwanenburg Organon (KZO)
- 1949 Armour Industrial Chemical Co. opens world’s first commercial fatty amine plant in McCookMcCook, IllinoisMcCook is a suburb of Chicago in Cook County, in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2000 census, the village population was 254, which is the lowest population of all municipalities in the county. It was named for John J. McCook, a late 19th century director of the Santa Fe Railroad and a former...
, Illinois, USA. - 1962 merger of Koninklijke Nederlandse Zoutindustrie and Ketjen to Koninklijke Zout Ketjen, Sikkens joints the merger
- 1965 take over of Kortman and Schulte and merger of Noury & Van der Lande merges with Koninklijke Zwanenburg Organon
- 1967 merger Koninklijke Zout Ketjen and Koninklijke Zwanenberg Organon to Koninklijke Zout Organon (KZO).
AKZO 1969-1994 (merge of AKU and Koninklijke Zout Organon to AKZO), 1969)
- 1969 The AKU and the Koninklijke Zout Organon (KZO) merge, forming AKZO.
- 1970 acquires chemical activities of Amour and Co.
- 1987 acquires specialty chemicals division of StaufferStauffer ChemicalStauffer Chemical Company is a former American chemical company which manufactured herbicides for corn and rice. It was acquired by Imperial Chemical Industries from Chesebrough-Pond's Inc. in 1987. In 1987, Stauffer's head office was in Westport, Connecticut...
. - 1992 divest polyamidePolyamideA polyamide is a polymer containing monomers of amides joined by peptide bonds. They can occur both naturally and artificially, examples being proteins, such as wool and silk, and can be made artificially through step-growth polymerization or solid-phase synthesis, examples being nylons, aramids,...
s and polyesterPolyesterPolyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate...
s plastics engineeringPlastics engineeringPlastics engineering encompasses the processing, design, development, and manufacture of plastics products. A plastic is a polymeric material that is in a semi-liquid state, having the property of plasticity and exhibiting flow. The nature of plastic materials poses unique challenges to an engineer...
business to DSMDSM (company)DSM is a multinational life sciences and materials sciences-based company. DSM's global end markets include food and dietary supplements, personal care, feed, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, automotive, paints, electrical and electronics, life protection, alternative energy and bio-based materials...
. - 1993 forms the 50/50 % joint venture Akcros Chemicals - together with "Harrisons Chemicals (UK) Ltd." (Harcros), a subsidiary of Harrisons & CrosfieldElementisElementis plc is one of the UK's largest speciality chemicals business. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.-History:...
. - 1994 merges with Nobel Industries, forming Akzo Nobel. The new Akzo Nobel has 20 business entities.
Nobel Industries 1646-1994 (Group)
The Swedish weapons manufacturer Bofors was founded in KarlskogaKarlskoga
Karlskoga is a locality and the seat of Karlskoga Municipality in Örebro County, Sweden with 27,500 inhabitants in 2005.-Geography:It is located at the northern shore of lake Möckeln, and the small settlement was initially called Möckelns bodar...
in 1646. Nobel Industries was created in 1984 by the merger of a chemical company, KemaNobel, and the armaments maker, Bofors. Both Bofors and KemaNobel had historic ties to Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He is the inventor of dynamite. Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments...
, the great 19th century Swedish inventor who was the first to discover a way to detonate the flammable liquid nitroglycerin.
Bofors 1646-1984 (merge with KemaNobel to become Nobel Industries, 1984)
- 1646 BoforsBoforsThe name Bofors has been associated with the iron industry for more than 350 years.Located in Karlskoga, Sweden, the company originates from the hammer mill "Boofors" founded 1646. The modern corporate structure was created in 1873 with the foundation of Aktiebolaget Bofors-Gullspång...
swedish weapons manufacturer is founded in Karlskoga. - 1893 Bofors becomes a company majority owned by Alfred Nobel .
- 1984 Bofors acquires KemaNobel.
KemaNobel 1841-1984 (merge with Bofors to become Nobel Industries, 1984)
- 1841 Liljeholmens Stearinfabrik, stearinStearinStearin , or tristearin, or glyceryl tristearate is a triglyceride, a glyceryl ester of stearic acid, derived from animal fats created as a byproduct of processing beef. It can also be found in tropical plants such as palm. It is used as tallow in the manufacture of candles and soap. In the...
candles factory, founded by Lars Johan HiertaLars Johan HiertaLars Johan Hierta was a Swedish newspaper publisher, social critic, businessman and politician. He is best known as the founder of the newspaper Aftonbladet in 1830. Hierta was a leading agitator for political and social reform in Sweden during the 19th century...
(also the founder of the Swedish newspaper AftonbladetAftonbladetAftonbladet is a Swedish tabloid founded by Lars Johan Hierta in 1830 during the modernization of Sweden. It is one of the larger daily newspapers in the Nordic countries. Aftonbladet is owned by the Swedish Trade Union Confederation and Norwegian media group Schibsted, and its editorial page...
) in StockholmStockholmStockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
Sweden. - 1863 Nitroglycerin, stearin candles factory is founded by Alfred Nobel in Stockholm.
- 1868 Barnängen Tekniska Fabrik AB, soapSoapIn chemistry, soap is a salt of a fatty acid.IUPAC. "" Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. . Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford . XML on-line corrected version: created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN...
factory at Bondegatan on SödermalmSödermalmSödermalm, often shortened to "Söder", is a district in central Stockholm. It covers the large island formerly called "Åsön". With a population of 99,685, it is one of the most densely populated districts of Scandinavia...
in Stockholm. - 1871 Stockholms Superfosfat Fabrik, superphosphate factory is founded by Oscar F Carlson - with help from Lars Johan HiertaLars Johan HiertaLars Johan Hierta was a Swedish newspaper publisher, social critic, businessman and politician. He is best known as the founder of the newspaper Aftonbladet in 1830. Hierta was a leading agitator for political and social reform in Sweden during the 19th century...
- in Gäddviken, NackaNackaNacka is the municipal seat of Nacka Municipality and part of Stockholm urban area in Sweden. The municipality's name harks back to an 16th century industrial operation established by the Crown at Nacka farmstead where conditions for water mills are good...
outside Stockholm. - 1874 KemaNord chemical company was founded by Alfred Nobel in Stockholm.
- 1928 Casco, adhesives factory, producing of caseinCaseinCasein is the name for a family of related phosphoprotein proteins . These proteins are commonly found in mammalian milk, making up 80% of the proteins in cow milk and between 60% and 65% of the proteins in human milk....
glue, founded by Lars Amundsen (son of brother to Roald AmundsenRoald AmundsenRoald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912 and he was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage....
, the first person at the South PoleSouth PoleThe South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole...
) - with help from Marcus WallenbergMarcus WallenbergMarcus Wallenberg, born 2 September 1956 in Stockholm, is a Swedish banker and industrialist, B. Sc of Foreign Service. Son of the banker Marc Wallenberg, and his wife Olga Wehtje, he is a member of the prominent Wallenberg family. His nickname "Husky" came from his grandfather, Marcus "Dodde"...
- in KristinehamnKristinehamnKristinehamn is a locality and the seat of Kristinehamn Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 17,836 inhabitants in 2005.- Geography :Kristinehamn is situated by the shores of lake Vänern...
Stockholms Superfosfat Fabriks - Fosfatbolaget
- 1931 Stockholms Superfosfat Fabriks ends its Swedish superphosphate production and a new potassium nitratePotassium nitratePotassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula KNO3. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−.It occurs as a mineral niter and is a natural solid source of nitrogen. Its common names include saltpetre , from medieval Latin sal petræ: "stone salt" or possibly "Salt...
factory opens a year later in LjungaverkLjungaverkLjungaverk is a locality situated in Ånge Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden with 917 inhabitants in 2005....
. - 1941 begins Swedish production of carbideCarbideIn chemistry, a carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegative element. Carbides can be generally classified by chemical bonding type as follows: salt-like, covalent compounds, interstitial compounds, and "intermediate" transition metal carbides...
and calcium nitrateCalcium nitrateCalcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter , is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca2. This colourless salt absorbs moisture from the air and is commonly found as a tetrahydrate. It is mainly used as a component in fertilizers but is found other applications...
at a new plant in StockvikStockvikStockvik is a locality situated in Sundsvall Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden with 2,165 inhabitants in 2005....
. - 1944 begins making plasticPlasticA plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids used in the manufacture of industrial products. Plastics are typically polymers of high molecular mass, and may contain other substances to improve performance and/or reduce production costs...
s and starts trial production of synthetic rubberSynthetic rubberSynthetic rubber is is any type of artificial elastomer, invariably a polymer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation...
. - 1945 opens a PVCPVCPolyvinyl chloride is a plastic.PVC may also refer to:*Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military honor*Peripheral venous catheter, a small, flexible tube placed into a peripheral vein in order to administer medication or fluids...
plant at Stockvik. - 1947 acquires Liljeholmens Stearinfabrik.
- 1964 Stockholms Superfosfat Fabriks becomes Fosfatbolaget.
Casco
- 1935 Casco forms subsidiary in Norway.
- 1946 forms subsidiary in Denmark.
- 1970 forms subsidiary in Finland, taken over by KemaNord
KemaNord
- 1970 Liljeholmens Stearinfabriks’ candle production moves to Oscarshamn.
- 1970 Fosfatbolaget changes its name to KemaNord. KemaNord acquires Liljeholmens Stearinfabriks’ chemicals business, Barnängen Tekniska Fabrik and Casco. Liljeholmens Stearinfabriks’ chemicals businesst becomes a division within KemaNord, KemaNord Specialty Chemicals.
- 1972 paper chemicalsPaper chemicals-Optical brightening agent:Optical brightener is used to make paper appear more white. Optical brightening agents use fluorescence to absorb invisible radiation from the ultraviolet part of the light spectrum and re-emit the radiation as light in the visible blue range. The optical brightening...
business is combined into one paper chemicals product group within KemaNord Specialty Chemicals. - 1973 CascoGard, a product group within Casco, joins KemaNord Specialty Chemicals.
Cascogard develops into the production of agricultural chemicals such as weed killers, insecticide
Insecticide
An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against the eggs and larvae of insects respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and the household. The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind...
s and fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicides are chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill or inhibit fungi or fungal spores. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality and profit. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals...
s.
KemaNobel
- 1965 Nitroglycerin becomes Nitro Nobel.
- 1978 KemaNord acquires Swedish civil explosives chemical group Nitro Nobel and changes its name to KemaNobel.
The specialty chemicals division KemaNord Specialty Chemicals changes its name to KenoGard.
At that time KenoGard produces organic specialty chemicals for plant and wood protection, disinfection and hygiene, paper production, plastics production, oil production, road construction, fertilizer production and mineral purification.
- 1978 KemaNobel, Barnängen Tekniska Fabrik acquires Liljeholmens Stearinfabrik.
- 1979 Casco began cooperation with Norwegian adhesives and explosives group Dyno Industries regarding particleboard resin.
- 1981 acquires Swedish electronics group Pharos from AGAAGA ABAGA AB, previously AB Gasaccumulator and AB Svenska Gasaccumulator, was a Swedish industrial gas company founded in 1904. Nobel Prize laureate Gustaf Dalén was instrumental in the success of the company. Important inventions included the AGA cooker and the Dalén light. In the 1990's AGA conceived...
. - 1982 acquires Swedish paints group Nordsjö in MalmöMalmöMalmö , in the southernmost province of Scania, is the third most populous city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg.Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County...
. - 1983 combines the food systems groups of KenoGard and Kema Nobel to form Probel.
Probel produces specialty chemicals and systems for agriculture, food and technical industries. Probel is in turn divided into two areas, Kenogard, for plant and wood protection, and Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid...
s, for initiators, detergent
Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions." In common usage, "detergent" refers to alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are less affected by hard water...
s, anti-caking and ScanRoad.
- 1984 Casco formed subsidiary in Singapore, which later opens offices in Malaysia (1989), Thailand (1990), Indonesia (1991), the Philippines (1991), the People's Republic of China (1993), Hong Kong (1994), and Vietnam (1994).
- 1984 Bofors acquires KemaNobel.
Nobel Industries 1984-1993 (Holding Company)
- 1984 Bofors acquires the majority shareholding in KemaNobel
- 1985 Bofors changes its name to Nobel Industries and integrates the entire KemaNobel group. Probel becomes Nobel Biotech within KemaNobel Specialty Chemicals. KenoGard Specialty Chemicals became KeNobel.
- 1986 divests Nitro Nobel business area civil explosives.
- 1988 acquires Berol Kemi, Swedish surface chemistry group, from Procordia and merges it with KeNobel to form a new business area, Berol Nobel.
- 1988 merge with the two Swedish holding companies Investment AB Asken and Investment AB D. Carnegie.
Eka Nobel
- 1986 acquires Swedish paper and pulp group Eka AB, which became a business area, Eka Nobel. As a result sodium chlorateSodium chlorateSodium chlorate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . When pure, it is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. It decomposes above 250 °C to release oxygen and leave sodium chloride...
becomes a major Eka product and operations expanded to North America. - 1990 Eka Nobel acquires Alby Klorat and Stora Kemi from Swedish forest group Stora Kopparberg, Albright and WilsonAlbright and WilsonAlbright and Wilson was founded in 1856 as a United Kingdom manufacturer of potassium chlorate and white phosphorus for the match industry. For much of its first 100 years of existence, phosphorus-derived chemicals formed the majority of its products....
's paper chemicals division, starts joint venture in India viz. Arjun Chemicals and makes heavy investments in new plants. Eka runs production in 14 countries around the world. Lignox, a patented, hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. In dilute solution, it appears colorless. With its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleach or cleaning agent...
bleaching process is introduced. - 1991 Eka's j.v in India Arjun Chemicals started the production with fortified rosin soaps intended for the application paper industry
- 1991 Eka Nobel's starts hydrogen peroxide production in Venezuela.
Casco Nobel
- 1987 acquires the majority shareholding in Sadolin & Holmblad, a Danish paintPaintPaint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...
s and adhesives group, from ATP, Hafnia, Norsk HydroNorsk HydroNorsk Hydro ASA is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo. Hydro is the fourth largest integrated aluminium company worldwide. It has operations in some 40 countries around the world and is active on all continents. The Norwegian state holds a 43.8 percent...
, and the Foss and Sadolin families.
Together with Casco and Nordsjo forms the business area, Casco Nobel.
- 1988 Casco Nobel acquires Parteks adhesives and joint compound operations in Finland and Raison Tehtaats adhesives operations in Finland, and the adhesives company Arkol in Italy.
- 1989 acquires Swedish inks group G-man from Swedish forest group Stora KopparbergStora EnsoStora Enso Oyj is a Finnish pulp and paper manufacturer, formed by the merger of Swedish mining and forestry products company Stora and Finnish forestry products company Enso-Gutzeit Oy in 1998. It is headquartered in Helsinki, and it has approximately 29,000 employees...
and merges it with Sadolin Printing Inks to Casco Nobel Inks, later Akzo Nobel Inks. - 1990 acquires Crown Berger, English paints group, which became part of Casco Nobel.
- 1991 Casco Nobel begins cooperation with Martinswerk GmbH regarding production of Lacquer additive Pergopak at Stockvik
Other business areas
- 1990 Pharos acquires the American electronics group Spectra-Physics, and change name to Spectra-Physics.
- 1991 Nobel Industries and Sadolin & Holmblad sells
- Kemisk Vaerk Koege herbicides activities, KVK Agro Chemicals, to SandozSandozFounded in 2003, Sandoz presently is the generic drug subsidiary of Novartis, a multinational pharmaceutical company. The company develops, manufactures and markets generic drugs as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological active ingredients....
, - the chemical-technical activities, KVK Chemical-Technical, to CastrolCastrolCastrol is a brand of industrial and automotive lubricants which is applied to a large range of oils, greases and similar products for most lubrication applications...
. - the only Nordic producer of color and textile pigmentPigmentA pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.Many materials selectively absorb...
s Kemisk Vaerk Koege of Denmark to Sun ChemicalSun ChemicalSun Chemical is the world's largest producer of printing inks and pigments and is located in Parsippany, New Jersey and it was incorporated in 1945. The company has its roots as the Lorilleux & Cie. Paris in 1818, but was incorporated under the Sun name in 1945. The company operates the Daniel J...
of USA, part of DaiNippon Inks Japan.
- Kemisk Vaerk Koege herbicides activities, KVK Agro Chemicals, to Sandoz
- 1991 forms a 50/50 % joint venture together with FFV, named Swedish Ordnance, Bofors's electonics activities are gathered in NobelTech.
- 1992 sells Nobel Consumer Goods business area - mainly Barnängen Tekniska Fabrik, Liljeholms, Sterisol, and Vademecum - to the German group HenkelHenkelHenkel AG & Co. KGaA is an multinational company headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany.The company operates in three business areas: Home Care , Personal Care ,...
. - 1992 sells its 50 % shareholding in Swedish Ordnance to joint venture partner FFV's new owner Celsius IndustriesSaabSaab AB is a Swedish aerospace and defence company, founded in 1937. From 1947 to 1990 it was the parent company of automobile manufacturer Saab Automobile, and between 1968 and 1995 the company was in a merger with commercial vehicle manufacturer Scania, known as Saab-Scania.-History:"Svenska...
. - 1993 sells NobelTech to Celsius Industries and Nobel Chemicals to.
- 1994 merges with AKZO, forming Akzo Nobel. Nobel Industries contributes to Akzo Nobel with the business areas
- paints and adhesives (Casco Nobel),
- paper and pulp chemicals (Eka Nobel)
- surface chemistry (Berol Nobel),
Nobelpharma (Nobel Biotech) and Spectra-Physics, becomes listed on Stockholm Stock-Exchange.
The new Akzo Nobel has 20 business entities.
Eka 1895-1986 (entered Nobel Industries, 1986)
- 1895 Elektrokemiska Aktiebolaget (EKA), Swedish for electrochemical factory, is founded by Alfred Nobel (founder of the Nobel Prize), C. W. Collander, and Rudolf Liljeqvist (who becomes Managing Director) in BengtsforsBengtsforsBengtsfors is a locality and the seat of Bengtsfors Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 3,194 inhabitants in 2005.- References :...
.
The first products are chlorine
Chlorine
Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...
and alkali
Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element. Some authors also define an alkali as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7. The adjective alkaline is commonly used in English as a synonym for base,...
.
- 1924 moves to Bohus, north of Göteborg.
- 1927 manufactures 3,000 tons of chemicals in Bohus, and starts production of water glass.
- 1930 adds many new chemicals to the product range; i.e. ferric chloride, hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water, that is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. It is found naturally in gastric acid....
and hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. In dilute solution, it appears colorless. With its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleach or cleaning agent...
. - 1951 is acquired by the Swedish forest company, Iggesunds Bruk AB.
- 1956 starts production of ammoniaAmmoniaAmmonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . It is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent odour. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or...
. - 1968 begins new hydrogen peroxide production, based on a Russian license.
- 1972 invest in a new chlorine-alkaliChloralkali processThe chloralkali process is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution . Depending on the method several products beside hydrogen can be produced. If the products are separated, chlorine and sodium hydroxide are the products; by mixing, sodium hypochlorite or sodium...
plant in Bohus, with employees totalling 460 employees, and begins wiht large investments in environmental protection. - 1980 begins sodium metasilicate production in Maastricht, the Netherlands; which becomes Eka’s first plant outside Bohus.
- 1983 grows in paper chemicals, based on Compozil, and established a subsidiary in Finland
- 1986 Nobel Industrier acquires Eka.
Sadolin & Holmblad 1777-1987
- 1777 Holmblad & Co., Danish paintPaintPaint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...
s company, founded by Swedish born Jacob Holmblad in CopenhagenCopenhagenCopenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...
. - 1907 Sadolins Farver, paints company, founded by Gunnar Asgeir Sadolin in Copenhagen.
- 1909 Sadolins Farver enters the field of inkInkInk is a liquid or paste that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with a pen, brush, or quill...
s - later named Sadolin Printing Inks.
- 1912 merger of Sadolins Farver and Holmblad & Co. as Sadolin & Holmblad.
- 1914 Sadolin & Holmblad divide its operations into Sadolin Paints and Sadolin Printing Inks.
- 1933 founding a joint venture Polish-Danish Ink Factory in Poland, lost the shareholding in 1939.
Sadolin Paints growth
- 1949 Sadolin & Holmblad Norge A/S in OsloOsloOslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King...
, Norway. - 1954 Sadolin Oy/AB in HelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...
, Finland, Dyo A.S. in IzmirIzmirIzmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey...
, Turkey, together with Durmuş Yaşar, and opens a decorative coatings factory and marine coatings factory. - 1958 Sadolin France S.A. in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, France, Sadolin ve Yasarin A.S. in Izmir, Turkey opens an industrial resins factory. - 1959 Sadolin Paints (E.A.) Ltd. in NairobiNairobiNairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The city and its surrounding area also forms the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyirobi, which translates to "the place of cool waters". However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun" and is...
, Kenya. - 1960 buys Farve- og Lakfabrikken Svend Overgaard, A/S in AalborgAalborg-Transport:On the north side of the Limfjord is Nørresundby, which is connected to Aalborg by a road bridge Limfjordsbroen, an iron railway bridge Jernbanebroen over Limfjorden, as well as a motorway tunnel running under the Limfjord Limfjordstunnelen....
, Denmark. - 1962 Sadolin Bilfarg, A/B in Stockholm, Sweden, Sadolin GmbH. in GeesthachtGeesthachtGeesthacht is the largest city in the District of the Duchy of Lauenburg in Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany, 34 km southeast of Hamburg on the right bank of the river Elbe.-History:*Around 800: A church is documented....
, West Germany, Arrigoni-Sadolin S.p.A. in MilanMilanMilan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, Italia, Sadolin Paints (Tanzania) Ltd. in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. - 1962 buys O.F. Asp Lak- & Fabrik, A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1962 Sadolin ve Yasarin A.S. becomes Dyo ve Sadolin A.S. and opens an automotive refinishes factory, a metal and plast industrial coatings factory and wood finishes factory in Izmir, Turkey.
- 1964 Sadolin Paints (Uganda) Ltd. in KampalaKampalaKampala is the largest city and capital of Uganda. The city is divided into five boroughs that oversee local planning: Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division and Lubaga Division. The city is coterminous with Kampala District.-History: of Buganda, had chosen...
, Uganda. - 1968 Sadolin Paints (Ethiopia) S.P. in Addis Abba, Ethiopia
- 1968 marketing companies Sadolin (U.K.) Ltd. in Saffron WaldenSaffron WaldenSaffron Walden is a medium-sized market town in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It is located north of Bishop's Stortford, south of Cambridge and approx north of London...
, England (in 1981 moves to HuntingdonHuntingdonHuntingdon is a market town in Cambridgeshire, England. The town was chartered by King John in 1205. It is the traditional county town of Huntingdonshire, and is currently the seat of the Huntingdonshire district council. It is known as the birthplace in 1599 of Oliver Cromwell.-History:Huntingdon...
); Division Technique du Bâtiment Sadolin S.A.R.L. in Paris - 1970 P.T. Danapaints Indonesia in JakartaJakartaJakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, Indonesia. - 1970 rebuild Kemo-Skandia, A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark from a chemical factory to a paint factory.
- 1973 sells Sadolin France S.A. in Paris, France, the company continues with a licensing agreement.
- 1975 merges Kemo-Skandia, A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark, into Farve- og Lakfabrikken Svend Overgaard, A/S in Aalborg, Denmark.
- 1975 loses Sadolin Paints (Ethiopia) S.P. in Addis Abba, Ethiopia, which is nationalized.
- 1976 buys the paint factory Danlac A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1976 Sadolin Paints (Oman) Ltd. in MuscatMuscat, OmanMuscat is the capital of Oman. It is also the seat of government and largest city in the Governorate of Muscat. As of 2008, the population of the Muscat metropolitan area was 1,090,797. The metropolitan area spans approximately and includes six provinces called wilayats...
, Oman - 1977 buys an interest in Pars Sadolin Chemicals Ltd. in TehranTehranTehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...
, Iran - 1977 marketing company Sadolin Produkten B.V. in RotterdamRotterdamRotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...
, the Netherlands - serving Benelux - 1978 marketing company Sadolin A/G in ZürichZürichZurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
, Switzerland - serving Austria and Switzerland. - 1980 sells Sadolin Paints (Oman) Ltd. in Muscat, Oman, the company continues with a licensing agreement.
- 1981 buys an interest in the paint factory Chemcraft Sadolin Inc. in Port HopePort Hope, OntarioPort Hope is a municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, about east of Toronto and about west of Kingston. It is located at the mouth of the Ganaraska River on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in the west end of Northumberland County...
, Ontario, Canada. - 1982 buys Mercandia Sie's Farve- & Lakfabrik, A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1982 sells Sadolin Paints (Tanzania) Ltd. in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, and Sadolin Paints (Uganda) Ltd. in Kampala, Uganda, the companies continues with licensing agreements.
- 1983 Sadolin of America, Inc. and Sadolin Technology. in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
- 1984 sells Pars Sadolin Chemicals Ltd. in Tehran, Iran, the company continues with a licensing agreement.
- 1984 buys Sadolin Paint Products, Inc. in Walkertown, North Carolina, USA.
Sadolin Printing Inks growth
- 1946 Sadolin Fargfabrik, AB in Stockholm, Sweden.
- 1955 Sadolin Painovarit Oy in Helsinki, Finland.
- 1960 Sadolin Trykkfarvefabrikk A/S in Oslo, Norway.
- 1967 Dyo ve Sadolin A.S. makes an ink factory in Izmir, Turkey.
- 1977 buys Corona Trykfarver in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1986 Sadolin Iberica S.A.. in BarcelonaBarcelonaBarcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, Spain.
Saldolin other activities
- 1934 founding the Danish color and textile pigmentPigmentA pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.Many materials selectively absorb...
s and herbicideHerbicideHerbicides, also commonly known as weedkillers, are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants. Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed. Some of these act by interfering with the growth of the weed and are often synthetic "imitations" of plant...
s company Kemisk Vaerk Koege (KVK) or Chemical Works Koege . - 1946 becomes a parent company, when the Danish color and textile pigments and herbicides activities is transferred to a new subsidiary company Kemisk Vaerk Koege, A/S (KVK) or Chemical Works Koege
- 1948 co-founds the chemical factory Kemo-Skandia, A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1958 selling 50 % of its 100 % shareholding in the Danish color and textile pigments and herbicides subsidiary company Kemisk Vaerk Koege, A/S (KVK) or Chemical Works Koege to the American pigment group Inmont.
- 1959 Sadolin & Holmblad takes full control over chemical factory Kemo-Skandia, A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1960 sells consumer and industrial adhesives business and the Danish 3M agency to Lars Foss, who founds Lars Foss Kemi (the 3M agency is in 1963 sold to 3M3M3M Company , formerly known as the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation based in Maplewood, Minnesota, United States....
. - 1971 Sadolin & Holmblad buys back the 50 % shareholding in the Danish color and textile pigments and herbicides subsidiary company Kemisk Vaerk Koege, A/S (KVK) or Chemical Works Koege from the American pigment group Inmont.
- 1975 Sadolin & Holmblad merger with the Danish producer of consumer and industrial adhesives Lars Foss Kemi, A/S in FredensborgFredensborgFredensborg is a railway town with a population of 8,377 located in Fredensborg Municipality, Denmark at the railroad between Hillerød and Helsingør....
, Denmark, and renames the business to Sadofoss. Also included in the merger is "Espe-Foss Oy/AB" in Helsinki, Finland, renamed in 1977. - 1976 founding the adhesives factory Sadofoss S.A. in AbidjanAbidjanAbidjan is the economic and former official capital of Côte d'Ivoire, while the current capital is Yamoussoukro. it was the largest city in the nation and the third-largest French-speaking city in the world, after Paris, and Kinshasa but before Montreal...
, Ivory Coast.
- 1987 Nobel Industries acquires Danish paints group Sadolin & Holmblad.
Berol Kemi 1937-1988 (entered Nobel Industries, 1988)
- 1937 Swedish producer of coatings for fishing lines Berol is founded by fishing enthusiast Bernström and his friend Olson, a chemist, to make coatings to reinforce cotton fishing lines in SödertäljeSödertäljeSödertälje is a city and the seat of Södertälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 86,069 inhabitants in 2010.The industrial city, about south of Stockholm, is the home to truck maker Scania AB and a top 10 pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca....
, and within a few years, Berol, whose name is derived from the first letters of the founders' last names, is established as a manufacturer of water-proofing agents for shoes, leather jackets and sheepskin. - 1943 Berol, now with six employees, extended its product range to include products to protect food from being destroyed by wet conditions for the defense industry.
- 1945 Berol moves to MölndalMölndalMölndal is a part of the Gothenburg urban area on the west-coast of Sweden, and constitutes the administrative centre of Mölndal Municipality. About 40,000 of the municipality's 60,000 inhabitants live here.-Geography:...
, and begins producing non-ionic, surface active products for washing powder as well as adhesives and paint improvers. - 1945 Mo och Domsjö ABMo och Domsjö ABMo och Domsjö AB was a Swedish company created in 1874. The name was usually abbreviated to Modo and has through sponsoring given name to the ice hockey team Modo Hockey. The company was merged with the Norrköping-based industrial company Holmens Bruk AB in 1988 under the name Mo och Domsjö AB...
(MoDo) buys Berol. MoDO, a swedish forest products company, was preparing to produce ethylene glycolEthylene glycolEthylene glycol is an organic compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze and a precursor to polymers. In its pure form, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet-tasting liquid...
from its paper mill waste products in ÖrnsköldsvikÖrnsköldsvikÖrnsköldsvik is a locality and the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 28,617 inhabitants in 2005.Its natural harbour and archipelago is in the Gulf of Bothnia and the northern boundaries of the High Coast area. It is well known as an exporter of paper products...
, . - 1960 MoDo builds a petrochemical ethyleneEthyleneEthylene is a gaseous organic compound with the formula . It is the simplest alkene . Because it contains a carbon-carbon double bond, ethylene is classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Ethylene is widely used in industry and is also a plant hormone...
plant in the ice-free, deep water port of Stenungsund, Sweden, in an agreement with Stockholms Superfosfat Fabriks and the U.S. oil company ExxonExxonExxon is a chain of gas stations as well as a brand of motor fuel and related products by ExxonMobil. From 1972 to 1999, Exxon was the corporate name of the company previously known as Standard Oil Company of New Jersey or Jersey Standard....
(Esso). Over the course of the decade, MoDo buys more chemical companies, where of some of them gets integrated within Berol. - 1971 MoDo consolidates its Swedish chemicals companies into a new company called MoDoKemi, headquartered in StenungsundStenungsundStenungsund is a locality and the seat of Stenungsund Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 10,067 inhabitants in 2005.-Overview:Stenungsund was once only an idyllic bathing and vacation location on the Swedish west coast...
, the Berol name disappears as a registered company. - 1973 Statsföretag buys MoDoKemi. Statsföretag, a Swedish state's private holding company, (later called Procordia), changes the name to Berol Kemi.
- 1974 Berol Kemi buys from MoDo the Swedish production units of celluloseCelluloseCellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β linked D-glucose units....
derivatives at Domsjö, near ÖrnsköldsvikÖrnsköldsvikÖrnsköldsvik is a locality and the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 28,617 inhabitants in 2005.Its natural harbour and archipelago is in the Gulf of Bothnia and the northern boundaries of the High Coast area. It is well known as an exporter of paper products...
. - 1979 Berol Kemi made major investment made in modernizing and expanding cellulose derivatives plant in Domsjö.
- 1980 Berol Kemi participates in founding of Oleochemicals Sdn. Bhd. in Malaysia.
- 1988 Bofors acquires Berol Kemi.
Crown Berger 1770-1990 (entered Nobel Industries, 1990)
- 1788 John Hall & Sons founded.
- Smith & Walton is founded.
- 1818 Richard Hilton
- 1844 Potter & Co. (Charles Potter and Harold Potter) acquired xx from Richard Hilton
- 1877 The wallpaperWallpaperWallpaper is a kind of material used to cover and decorate the interior walls of homes, offices, and other buildings; it is one aspect of interior decoration. It is usually sold in rolls and is put onto a wall using wallpaper paste...
company Lincrusta is founded by Frederick Walton. - 1887 The wallpaper company Anaglypta in LancasterLancaster, LancashireLancaster is the county town of Lancashire, England. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of 45,952. Lancaster is a constituent settlement of the wider City of Lancaster, local government district which has a population of 133,914 and encompasses several outlying towns, including...
is founded by Thomas J Palmer and the Storey Bros.
- 1899 The Wallpaper Manufacturer’s Company (WPM) is founded.
- 1915 The Walpamur Company is created by as the paint company of The Wallpaper Manufacturer’s Company (WPM).
- 1915 The Walpamur Company acquires Kinder & Co.
- 1929 The Walpamur Company acquires Arthur Sanderson & Sons.
- 1931 Anaglypta and Lincrusta merged under the name of Relief Decorations, and at the same time became part of The Wallpaper Manufacturer’s Company (WPM).
- 1963 The Walpamur Company acquires Smith & Walton.
- 1965 Reed International takes over The Wallpaper Manufacturers’ Company (WPM).
- 1965 Crown Decorative Products, a new division within The Wallpaper Manufacturers’ Company (WPM), exist of Polycell, Sanderson & Sons and Smith & Walton
- 1975 The Walpamur Company changes its name to Crown Decorative Products.
- 1980 Crown Decorative Products acquires Relief Decorations.
- 1986 Akzo Coatings acquires Permoglaze.
- 1987 Williams HoldingsWilliams HoldingsWilliams Holdings was a major British conglomerate. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.-History:...
acquires The Wallpaper Manufacturers’ Company (WPM).
- 1760 Lewis Berger & Sons founded.
- 1840 Jenson & Nicholson founded.
- Berger, Jenson & Nicholson is founded by the merger
- 1988 Williams Holdings from HoechstHoechst AGHoechst AG was a German chemicals then life-sciences company that became Aventis Deutschland after its merger with France's Rhône-Poulenc S.A. in 1999...
acquires Berger, Jenson & Nicolson and merged with The Walpamur Company creating Crown Berger. - 1989 Williams Holdings acquires Jacoa from Ward White (UK) and merged into Crown Berger.
- 1990 Nobel Industries acquires Crown Berger Ltd. from Williams Holdings, and is split into several businesses.
- Crown Berger Decorative Paints becomes Crown Nobel Decorative Paints DivisionCrown Paints-History:The origins of the business lie in the history of paint making in Darwen which can be traced back to the late 1850s. It initially traded as WalPaMur after the initials of The Wall Paper Manufacturers' Company...
, an independent division for decorative coatings. - Crown Berger Industrial Coatings and RCL becomes part of Casco Nobel Industrial Coatings Division,
- Crown Inks becomes part of Casco Nobel Inks Division.
- Sadolin Nobel UK continues as part of Sadolin Nobel Decorative Paints Division.
- Crown Berger Decorative Paints becomes Crown Nobel Decorative Paints Division
- 1991 Nobel Industries acquires MacPherson Paints is acquired by from KemiraKemiraKemira Oyj is a chemical industry group that consists of three main segments. Kemira is headquartered in Helsinki, Finland.Kemira’s main shareholder is Oras Invest Oy and its owners, members of the Paasikivi family. Its former main owner, the State of Finland, sold the largest part of its holding...
and becomes part of Crown Nobel Decorative Paints Division.
- 1995 Akzo Decorative Coatings of Akzo Coatings, Crown Nobel Decorative Paints Division of Crown Berger Ltd. and Sadolin Nobel UK Ltd. makes up the new Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings Ltd.
- 2001 Crown Inks is sold, in line with Akzo Nobel's exit from the ink industry (now part of Flint GroupFlint GroupFlint Group, one of the largest suppliers to the printing and packaging industry worldwide, was created by the union of XSYS Print Solutions and Flint Ink Corporation in late 2005. XSYS was the result of a 2004 union between ANI Printing Inks and BASF Printing Systems, both long-standing printing...
) - 2001 Relief Decorations, wallpaper manufacturer with the brands Anaglypta and Lincrusta is sold to Imperial Home Décor.
- 2003 Imperial Home Décor is taken over by Crown Wilman Vymura Ltd.
Akzo Nobel 1994–2007/2008
- 1994 divests Nobel Industries fine and pharma chemicals business area Nobel Chemicals, biotech business area Nobel Biotech and electronic business area Spectra-Physics.
- 1995 divests PETPolyethylene terephthalatePolyethylene terephthalate , commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage, food and other liquid containers; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in combination...
resins business to Wellman, Inc..
Courtaulds 1826–1998
- 1826 British silk and crepe manufacturer Courtaulds founded by Samuel CourtauldSamuel Courtauld (industrialist)Samuel Courtauld was an industrialist and Unitarian, chiefly remembered as the driving force behind the rapid growth of the Courtauld textile business in Britain....
. - 1990 Courtaulds separates itself into two businesses, viz., Courtaulds Textiles for apparel manufacture and Courtaulds plc for fibres and chemicals.
- 1998 Akzo Nobel acquires Courtaulds of the UK, a chemical company with leading positions in industrial coatings and man-made fibersSynthetic fiberSynthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by scientists to improve on naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by forcing, usually through extrusion, fiber forming materials through holes into the air, forming a thread...
. EU forces sale of Aeronautical films and sealants businesses to allow completion. - 1998 November, Akzo Nobel divests Courtaulds plastic packaging, laminate, aluminium tubes, architectural coatings in USA, packaging coatings, plactic tubes, performance film and aerospace coatings and sealants businesses.
Fibres
- September 1998 forms a new Fibres Group by mergering Akzo Nobel Fibres and Courtauld Fibres under the name Acordis.
- January 1999 makes Acordis a stand-alone group within Akzo Nobel by dissolving the Fibres Group.
- December 1999 divests Acordis to CVC Capital PartnersCVC Capital PartnersCVC Capital Partners is one of the top five largest private equity firms globally with approximately US$46 billion in funds focused on management buyouts...
.
Pharma
- 1999 acquires the ethical pharmaceutical business of Japan-based Kanebo, Italian pharmaceutical manufacturers Farmaceutici Gellini and Nuova ICC, the veterian pharmecutical group Hoechst Roussel Vet from HoechstHoechst AGHoechst AG was a German chemicals then life-sciences company that became Aventis Deutschland after its merger with France's Rhône-Poulenc S.A. in 1999...
and divests its shareholding in Rovin Pharmaceuticals. - 2007 Organon pharmaceutical business sold to Schering-PloughSchering-PloughSchering-Plough Corporation was a United States-based pharmaceutical company. It was founded in 1851 by Ernst Christian Friedrich Schering as Schering AG in Germany. In 1971, the Schering Corporation merged with Plough to form Schering-Plough. On November 4, 2009 Merck & Co...
for EUR 11 billion.
Chemical group
- 1996 sells crop protection business to NufarmNufarmNufarm , headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, is one of the world's leading agricultural chemical companies, with operations in all corners of the globe...
. - 1998 acquires the remaining 50% of the joint venture Akcros Chemicals (PVC additives) and the amides business of South Korean chemical company Daejen Fine Chemicals, sells Soda Ash business to Brunner MondBrunner MondTata Chemicals Europe is a UK-based chemicals company that is a subsidiary of Tata Chemicals Limited, itself a part of the India-based Tata Group...
and Eka Chemicals sell their shares in Arjun chemicals India and remains a licensee for paper sizingSizingSizing or size is any one of numerous specific substances that is applied to or incorporated in other material, especially papers and textiles, to act as a protecting filler or glaze....
chemicals. - 1999 Pulp & Paper Chemicals acquires Korean paper chemicals business, Polymer Chemicals becomes worldwide distributor of the specialty additive products CIRS SpA, AkzoNobel Chemicals starts joint venture with CoinCoinA coin is a piece of hard material that is standardized in weight, is produced in large quantities in order to facilitate trade, and primarily can be used as a legal tender token for commerce in the designated country, region, or territory....
of Taiwan on dicumyl peroxides (DCP) and cumene hydroperoxideCumene hydroperoxideCumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for developing phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene. It is typically used as an oxidising agent. Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone and cumyl alcohol. Its formula is...
s (CHP) and divests its Dianol bisphenol ABisphenol ABisphenol A is an organic compound with two phenol functional groups. It is used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, along with other applications....
business - 2000 divests its stake in RovinRovinRovin was a French auto-maker active from 1946 until 1959, although after 1953 production slowed to a trickle. The firm was established, initially as a motor-cycle business, in 1921 by the racing driver and motorcycle constructor, Raoul Pegulu, Marquis of Rovin...
's VCM and PVCPVCPolyvinyl chloride is a plastic.PVC may also refer to:*Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military honor*Peripheral venous catheter, a small, flexible tube placed into a peripheral vein in order to administer medication or fluids...
business to Shin-Etsu ChemicalShin-Etsu Chemicalis the largest chemical company in Japan, ranked No. 9 in Forbes Global 2000 for chemical sector. Shin-Etsu has the largest global market share for polyvinyl chloride, semiconductor silicon and photomask substrates....
. - 2001 divests ADCCR-39CR-39, or allyl diglycol carbonate , is a plastic polymer commonly used in the manufacture of eyeglass lenses. The abbreviation stands for “Columbia Resin #39,” because it was the 39th formula of a thermosetting plastic developed by the Columbia Resins project in 1940.The first commercial use of...
optical monomers business to Great Lakes Chemical and its 50% stake in Akzo-PQ Silica silicateSilicateA silicate is a compound containing a silicon bearing anion. The great majority of silicates are oxides, but hexafluorosilicate and other anions are also included. This article focuses mainly on the Si-O anions. Silicates comprise the majority of the earth's crust, as well as the other...
business to joint-venture partner PQ Corporation. - 2002 divests printing inks business to the management and NeSBIC Buy Out Fund.
- 2004 divests Catalyst business to Albemarle Corp.
- 2005 divests Ink & Adhesive Resins to Hexion.
- 2007 divests Akcros Chemicals to GIL Investments and its 50% stake in Flexsys rubber chemicals to joint-venture partner Solutia.
Coatings
- 1999 establish joint venture with Nippon Paint Company of Japan on coil coatings, acquires a joint venture partner Dexter's for 40 % participation in Akzo Dexter Aerospace Finishes (AD Aerospace Finishes).
- 2004 diverst Industrial Adhesives' polyurethanePolyurethaneA polyurethane is any polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate links. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization, by reacting a monomer with another monomer in the presence of a catalyst.Polyurethanes are...
adhesives and systems (two-component PUR adhesives) business to SikaSika AG- Introduction :Sika AG is a company headquartered in Baar, Switzerland. The company operates in two business areas:*Construction and...
and Coatings Resins to Nuplex Industries. - 2005 divests UV/EB Resins to Cray Valley.
Paints
- 1998 acquires BASFBASFBASF SE is the largest chemical company in the world and is headquartered in Germany. BASF originally stood for Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik . Today, the four letters are a registered trademark and the company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, and Zurich Stock...
's decorative coatings business in Europe, Turkish paint company Marshall Boya and increases it shareholding from 5 % to 60 % in Tunesian paint company Astral. - 1999 acquires the majority shareholding in American paint company Coatings & Chemicals Corp. (CCC).
- 2006 acquires the quoted Canadian Coatings company SICO Inc..
- 2007 acquires the Canadian Coatings company Chemcraft International, Inc (founded 1976), and which from 1981 to 1994 was known as Chemcraft Sadolin, Inc and owned 40 % by Sadolin & Holmblad.
- 1999 Akzo Nobel divests Akzo Nobel Information Services.
- 2007 Akzo Nobel delists its shares from the US stock market (NASDAQNASDAQThe NASDAQ Stock Market, also known as the NASDAQ, is an American stock exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations". It is the second-largest stock exchange by market capitalization in the world, after the New York Stock Exchange. As of...
).
Imperial Chemicals Industries (ICI) 1926–2007/2008
- December 1926: Four major chemical companies in Great Britain merge to become Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI): British Dyestuffs CorporationBritish Dyestuffs CorporationBritish Dyestuffs Corporation Ltd was a British company formed in 1919 from the merger of British Dyes Ltd with Levinstein Ltd. The British Government was the company's largest shareholder, and had two directors on the board....
, Brunner, Mond & CompanyBrunner MondTata Chemicals Europe is a UK-based chemicals company that is a subsidiary of Tata Chemicals Limited, itself a part of the India-based Tata Group...
, Nobel ExplosivesNobel EnterprisesNobel Enterprises is a chemicals business based at Ardeer, near to the North Ayrshire town of Stevenston in Scotland. It specialises in nitrogen-based propellants and explosives and nitrocellulose-based products such as varnishes and inks...
, and the United Alkali CompanyUnited Alkali CompanyUnited Alkali Company Limited was a British chemical company formed in 1890. Producer of soda ash by the Leblanc process and used in the glass, textile, soap, and paper industries. It became one of the top four British chemical companies merged in 1926 with Brunner Mond, Nobel Explosives and...
. - 1927: ICI opens for business with 33,000 employees in five main product areas: alkali products, explosives, metals, general chemicals, and dyeDyeA dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber....
stuffs. - 1928 ICI established its Head Office at MillbankMillbankMillbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Millbank is located by the River Thames, east of Pimlico and south of Westminster...
in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its... - 1929: ICI signs a deal with I.G. Farben, establishing production quotaProduction quotaA production quota is a goal for the production of a good. It is typically set by a government or an organization, and can be applied to an individual worker, firm, industry or country. Quotas can be set high to encourage production, or can be used to limit production to control the supply of goods...
s for nitrogenNitrogenNitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N, atomic number of 7 and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere...
, the main ingredient in fertilizerFertilizerFertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. A recent assessment found that about 40 to 60% of crop yields are attributable to commercial fertilizer use...
. - 1933: ICI researchers "discover" polyethylenePolyethylenePolyethylene or polythene is the most widely used plastic, with an annual production of approximately 80 million metric tons...
, which is later patented and sold as an insulating material. - 1935: Due to declining demand for fertilizer, ICI agrees to let I.G. Farben exclusively sell nitrogen in parts of Asia, Europe, and South and Central America.
- 1948: The result of a U.S. antitrust suit, ICI and du Pont end the exchange of technical information and cooperation on prices and markets.
- 1952: ICI opens a huge chemical complex in Wilton, England.
- 1965: ICI begins an ambitious building plan in Britain, Germany, and the United States.
- 1972: Britain joins the Common Market, focusing its attention on the United States.
- 1977: ICI continues its American investment, with acquisitions that include a paraquatParaquatParaquat is the trade name for N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Paraquat, a viologen, is quick-acting and non-selective, killing green plant tissue on contact. It is also toxic to human beings and animals...
plant in Bayport, Texas. - 1982 Sir John Harvey-Jones assumes the role of chief executive, changing the company's focus from outdated products to drugs and specialty chemicals.
- 1986 ICI turns its focus to paint and specialty products with the purchase of BeatriceBeatrice FoodsBeatrice Foods Company was a major American food processing company. In 1987, its smaller international food operations were sold to Reginald Lewis, a corporate attorney creating TLC Beatrice International, after which the majority of its domestic brands and assets were acquired by Kohlberg,...
's Chemical division and Glidden Paint. - 1993 ICI "demerges" its bioscience businesses, splitting into two companies: ICI and the separate, publicly listed ZenecaZenecaZeneca Group PLC was a multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Zeneca was formed in June 1993 by the demerger of the pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals businesses of Imperial Chemical Industries into a separate company listed on the London Stock Exchange.In 1999...
Group, which later merges into AstraZenecaAstraZenecaAstraZeneca plc is a global pharmaceutical and biologics company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the world's seventh-largest pharmaceutical company measured by revenues and has operations in over 100 countries...
, - 1997 ICI makes its biggest-ever acquisition of four businesses from UnileverUnileverUnilever is a British-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products....
: National Starch, QuestQuestIn mythology and literature, a quest, a journey towards a goal, serves as a plot device and as a symbol. Quests appear in the folklore of every nation and also figure prominently in non-national cultures. In literature, the objects of quests require great exertion on the part of the hero, and...
, Unichema, and Crosfield -- and moves into specialty products and begins the divestment of its bulk commodity businesses. - 1999 ICI forms Uniqema, a health and personal care products company, with the merger of five ICI businesses.
- 1999 Huntsman acquires ICI's polyurethanes, the titanium dioxideTitanium dioxideTitanium dioxide, also known as titanium oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula . When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6, or CI 77891. Generally it comes in two different forms, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of...
and aromatics businesses, and ICI's share of the olefins supply at Wilton, Teesside. - 2008 Akzo Nobel acquires English Imperial Chemical Industries plc (ICI), and rebrands the company to AkzoNobel.
AkzoNobel 2008 and later
- 2009 Akzo Nobel divests Chemicals Pakistan to KP Chemical.
- 2010 AkzoNobel's rebrand was formally recognised when they appeared on the shortlist of the Transform Awards for rebranding and brand transformation.
- June 2010 AkzoNobel divests National Starch business to Corn ProductsCorn Products InternationalCorn Products International, Inc. is an Illinois-based refiner and processor of corn-based food additives and sweeteners. It operates factories in 15 countries.- Company :...
.
See also
- HerbolHerbolHerbol is one of the oldest German brands for professional coatings. It has its origins in the Lackfabrik Herbig-Haarhaus that was founded in Cologne in 1844. The product range contains façade paints, interior wall paints, lacquers and glazing, crack reinforcement as well as concrete and floor...
industrial coating brand AkzoNobel - TwaronTwaronTwaron is the brandname of Teijin Aramid for a para-aramid. It is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibre developed in the early 1970s by the Dutch company AKZO, division Enka, later Akzo Industrial Fibers. The research name of the para-aramid fibre was originally Fiber X, but it was soon...
trade name aramidAramidAramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute. The name is a portmanteau of "aromatic polyamide"...
synthetic fiber - Teijin AramidTeijin AramidTeijin Aramid, formerly known as Teijin Twaron, is a company in The Netherlands that produces various high-strength fibers for industrial purposes, most notably their Kevlar-like para-aramid, Twaron. Twaron finds applications in numerous markets, such as automotive , aerospace, civil engineering,...
producer of Twaron, former company AkzoNobel - GLAREGlareGlare may refer to:* Glare is difficulty seeing in the presence of very bright light* A glare is a facial expression of squinted eyes and look of contempt* A call collision in telecommunications* GLARE, an advanced aerospace material...
composite material patented by AkzoNobel
External links
- Answers.com AkzoNobel http://www.answers.com/topic/akzo-nobel-n-v-adr