Albert Medal (RSA)
Encyclopedia
The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts
(RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert
, who had been President of the Society for 18 years. It was first awarded in 1864 for "distinguished merit in promoting Art
s, Manufactures
and Commerce
". In presenting the Medal, the Society now looks to acknowledge individuals, organisation and groups that lead progress and create positive change within contemporary society in areas that are linked closely to the Society's broad agenda.
Through the Albert Medal, the Society acknowledges the profound creativity and innovation of those that work to tackle some of the world's intractable problems. Each year, the RSA identifies topical issues that confront modern society by asking the Society's Fellowship to suggest problems/subjects linked to the Society's programme. These proposals are reviewed and recommendations made to the Trustees and Council who are responsible for selecting one upon which the Fellowship will be asked to nominate worthy recipients.
Royal Society of Arts
The Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufacturers and Commerce is a British multi-disciplinary institution, based in London. The name Royal Society of Arts is frequently used for brevity...
(RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert
Prince Albert
Prince Albert was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria.Prince Albert may also refer to:-Royalty:*Prince Albert Edward or Edward VII of the United Kingdom , son of Albert and Victoria...
, who had been President of the Society for 18 years. It was first awarded in 1864 for "distinguished merit in promoting Art
Art
Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect....
s, Manufactures
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale...
and Commerce
Commerce
While business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...
". In presenting the Medal, the Society now looks to acknowledge individuals, organisation and groups that lead progress and create positive change within contemporary society in areas that are linked closely to the Society's broad agenda.
Through the Albert Medal, the Society acknowledges the profound creativity and innovation of those that work to tackle some of the world's intractable problems. Each year, the RSA identifies topical issues that confront modern society by asking the Society's Fellowship to suggest problems/subjects linked to the Society's programme. These proposals are reviewed and recommendations made to the Trustees and Council who are responsible for selecting one upon which the Fellowship will be asked to nominate worthy recipients.
Full list of medalists
- 1864 Sir Rowland HillRowland Hill (postal reformer)Sir Rowland Hill KCB, FRS was an English teacher, inventor and social reformer. He campaigned for a comprehensive reform of the postal system, based on the concept of penny postage and his solution of prepayment, facilitating the safe, speedy and cheap transfer of letters...
, KCB, FRS ‘for his great services to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, in the creation of the penny postage, and for his other reforms in the postal system of this country, the benefits of which have, however, not been confined to this country, but have extended over the civilised world’ - 1865 His Imperial Majesty Napoleon III ‘for distinguished merit in promoting, in many ways, by his personal exertions, the international progress of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, the proofs of which are afforded by his judicious patronage of Art, his enlightened commercial policy, and especially by the abolition of passports in favour of British subjects’
- 1866 Michael FaradayMichael FaradayMichael Faraday, FRS was an English chemist and physicist who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry....
DCL, FRS ‘for his discoveries in electricity, magnetism, and chemistry, which in their relation to the industries of the world have so largely promoted Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce’ - 1867 Sir W Fothergill CookeWilliam Fothergill CookeSir William Fothergill Cooke was, with Charles Wheatstone, the co-inventor of the Cooke-Wheatstone electrical telegraph, which was patented in May 1837...
and Sir Charles WheatstoneCharles WheatstoneSir Charles Wheatstone FRS , was an English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope , and the Playfair cipher...
FRS ‘in recognition of their joint labours in establishing the first electric telegraphy’ - 1868 Sir Joseph WhitworthJoseph WhitworthSir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet was an English engineer, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist. In 1841, he devised the British Standard Whitworth system, which created an accepted standard for screw threads...
LLD, FRS ‘for the invention and manufacture of instruments of measurement and uniform standards by which the production of machinery has been brought to a state of perfection hitherto unapproached to the great advancement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce’ - 1869 Baron Justus von LiebigJustus von LiebigJustus von Liebig was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the...
, Associate of the Institute of France, For.Memb.RS, Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, etc. ‘for his numerous valuable researchers and writings, which have contributed most importantly to the development of food economy and agriculture, to the advancement of chemical science, and to the benefits derived from that science by Arts, Manufactures and Commerce’ - 1870 Vicomte Ferdinand de LessepsFerdinand de LessepsFerdinand Marie, Vicomte de Lesseps, GCSI was the French developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas in 1869, and substantially reduced sailing distances and times between the West and the East.He attempted to repeat this success with an effort to build a sea-level...
, Member of Institute of France, Hon GCSI ‘for services rendered to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, by the realisation of Suez Canal’. - 1871 Sir Henry ColeHenry ColeSir Henry Cole was an English civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century Britain...
KCB ‘for his important services in promoting Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, especially in aiding the establishment and development of International Exhibitions, the Department of Science and Art, and the South Kensington Museum’ - 1872 Sir Henry BessemerHenry BessemerSir Henry Bessemer was an English engineer, inventor, and businessman. Bessemer's name is chiefly known in connection with the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel.-Anthony Bessemer:...
FRS ‘for the eminent services rendered by him to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, in developing the manufacture of steel - 1873 Michel Eugène ChevreulMichel Eugène ChevreulMichel Eugène Chevreul was a French chemist whose work with fatty acids led to early applications in the fields of art and science. He is credited with the discovery of margaric acid and designing an early form of soap made from animal fats and salt...
For.Memb.RS, Member of the Institute of France ‘for his chemical researches, especially in reference to saponifciation, dyeing, agriculture, and natural history, which for more than half a century have exercised a wide influence on the industrial arts of the world’ - 1874 Sir William SiemensCarl Wilhelm SiemensCarl Wilhelm Siemens was a German born engineer who for most of his life worked in Britain and later became a British subject.-Biography:...
DCL, FRS ‘for his researches in connection with the laws of heat, and the practical applications of them to furnaces used in the Arts; and for his improvements in the manufacture of iron; and generally for the services rendered by him in connection with the economisation of fuel in its various applications to Manufactures and the Arts’ - 1875 Michel ChevalierMichel ChevalierMichel Chevalier was a French engineer, statesman, economist and free market liberal.-Biography:Born in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Chevalier studied at the École Polytechnique, obtaining an engineering degree at the Paris École des mines in 1829.In 1830, after the July Revolution, he became a...
‘the distinguished French statesman, who, by his writings and persistent exertions, extending over many years, has rendered essential services in promoting Arts, Manufactures and Commerce’ - 1876 Sir George B AiryGeorge Biddell AirySir George Biddell Airy PRS KCB was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881...
KCB, FRS, Astronomer Royal ‘for eminent services rendered to Commerce by his researches in nautical astronomy and in magnetism, and by his improvements in the application of the mariner’s compass to the navigation of iron ships - 1877 Jean Baptiste Dumas For.Memb.RS, Member of the Institute of France ‘the distinguished chemist, whose researchers have excised a very material influence on the advancement of the Industrial Arts’
- 1878 Lord ArmstrongWilliam George Armstrong, 1st Baron ArmstrongWilliam George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong CB, FRS was an effective Tyneside industrialist who founded the Armstrong Whitworth manufacturing empire.-Early life:...
CB, DCL, FRS ‘because of his distinction as an engineer and as a scientific man, and because by the development of the transmission of power - hydraulically - due to his constant efforts, extending over many years, the manufactures of this country have been greatly aided, and mechanical power beneficially substituted for most laborious and injurious manual labour’ - 1879 Lord Kelvin OM, LLD, DCL, FRS ‘on account of the signal service rendered to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, by his electrical researches, especially with reference to the transmission of telegraphic messages over ocean cables’
- 1880 James Prescott JouleJames Prescott JouleJames Prescott Joule FRS was an English physicist and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work . This led to the theory of conservation of energy, which led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The...
LLD, DCL, FRS ‘for having established, after most laborious research, the true relation between heat, electricity and mechanical work, thus affording to the engineer a sure guide in the application of science to industrial pursuits’ - 1881 August Wilhelm Hofmann MD, LLD, FRS, Professor of
- Chemistry in the University of Berlin ‘for eminent services rendered to the Industrial Arts by his investigations in organic chemistry, and for his successful labour in promoting the cultivation of chemical education and research in England’
- 1882 Louis PasteurLouis PasteurLouis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccine for rabies and anthrax. His experiments...
Member of the Institute of France, For.Memb.RS ‘for his researches in connection with fermentation, the preservation of wines, and the propagation of zymotic diseases in silkworms and domestic animals, whereby the arts of wine making, silk production and agriculture have been greatly benefited’ - 1883 Sir Joseph Dalton HookerJoseph Dalton HookerSir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM, GCSI, CB, MD, FRS was one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century. Hooker was a founder of geographical botany, and Charles Darwin's closest friend...
KCSI CB MD DCL LLD FRS ‘for the eminent services which, as a botanist and scientific traveller, and as Director of the National Botanical Department, he has rendered to the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce by promoting an accurate knowledge of the floras and economic vegetable products of our several colonies and dependencies of the Empire’ - 1884 Captain James Buchanan EadsJames Buchanan EadsCaptain James Buchanan Eads was a world-renowned American civil engineer and inventor, holding more than fifty patents.-Early life and education:...
‘the distinguished American engineer, whose works have been of such great service in improving the water communications of North America, and have thereby rendered valuable aid to the commerce of the world’ - 1885 Sir Henry DoultonHenry DoultonSir Henry Doulton was an English businessman, inventor and manufacturer of pottery, instrumental in developing the firm of Royal Doulton....
‘in recognition of the impulse given by him to the production of artistic pottery in this country’ - 1886 Lord Masham ‘for the services he has rendered to the textile industries, especially by the substitution of mechanical wool combing for hand combing, and by the introduction and development of a new industry - the utilisation of waste silk’
- 1887 Her Majesty Queen VictoriaVictoria of the United KingdomVictoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
‘in commemoration of the progress of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce throughout the Empire during the fifty years of her reign’ - 1888 Professor Hermann Louis HelmholtzHermann von HelmholtzHermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science...
For.Memb.RS ‘in recognition of the value of his researches in various branches of science and of their practical results upon music, painting and the useful arts’ - 1889 John PercyJohn PercyJohn Percy was an English Jesuit priest and controversialist.-Life:...
LLD, FRS ‘for his achievements in promoting the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, though the world wide influence which his researches and writings have had upon the progress of the science and practice of metallurgy’ - 1890 Sir William Henry Perkin FRS ‘for his discovery of the method of obtaining colouring matter from coal tar, a discovery which led to the establishment of a new and important industry, and to the utilisation of large quantities of a previously worthless material’
- 1891 Sir Frederick Abel Bart, GCVO, KCB, DCL, DSc, FRS ‘in recognition of the manner in which he has promoted several important classes of the Arts and Manufactures by the application of Chemical Science, and especially by his researches in the manufacture of iron and of steel, and also in acknowledgement of the great services he has rendered to the State in the provision of improved war material, and as Chemist to the War Department’
- 1892 Thomas EdisonThomas EdisonThomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. In addition, he created the world’s first industrial...
‘in recognition of the merits of his numerous and valuable inventions, especially his improvements in telegraphy, in telephony, and in electric lighting, and for his discovery of a means of reproducing vocal sounds by the phonograph’ - 1893 Sir John Bennet LawesJohn Bennet LawesSir John Bennet Lawes, 1st Baronet FRS was an English entrepreneur and agricultural scientist. He founded an experimental farm at Rothamsted, where he developed a superphosphate that would mark the beginnings of the chemical fertilizer industry.John Bennet Lawes was born at Rothamsted in...
Bart, FRS and Sir Henry Gilbert PhD, FRS ‘for their joint services to scientific agriculture, and notably for the researches which, throughout a period of fifty years, have been carried on by them at the Experimental Farm, Rothamsted’ - 1894 Joseph Lister, 1st Baron ListerJoseph Lister, 1st Baron ListerJoseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister OM, FRS, PC , known as Sir Joseph Lister, Bt., between 1883 and 1897, was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery, who promoted the idea of sterile surgery while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary...
FRS ‘for the discovery and establishment of the antiseptic method of treating wounds and injuries by which not only has the art of surgery been greatly promoted, and human life saved in all parts of the world, but extensive industries have been created for the supply of materials required for carrying the treatment into effect.’ - 1895 Sir Isaac Lowthian BellIsaac Lowthian BellSir Lowthian Bell, 1st Baronet FRS was a Victorian ironmaster and Liberal Party politician from Washington, County Durham, in the north of England.He was the son of Thomas Bell and his wife Katherine Lowthian....
Bart, FRS ‘in recognition of the services he has rendered to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, by his metallurgical researches and the resulting development of the iron and steel industries’ - 1896 Professor David Edward Hughes FRS ‘in recognition of the services he has rendered to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, by his numerous inventions in electricity and magnetism, especially the printing telegraph and the microphone’
- 1897 George James SymonsGeorge James SymonsGeorge James Symons was a British meteorologist who founded and managed the British Rainfall Organisation, an unusually dense and widely distributed network of rainfall data collection sites throughout the British Isles....
FRS ‘for the services he has rendered to the United Kingdom by affording to engineers engaged in the water supply and the sewage of towns, a trustworthy basis for their work, by establishing and carrying on during nearly forty years systematic observations (now at over 3000 stations) of the rainfall of the British Isles, and by recording, tabulating and graphically indicating the results of these observations in the annual volumes published by himself’ - 1898 Professor Robert Wilhelm Bunsen MD, For.Memb.RS ‘in recognition of his numerous and most valuable applications of Chemistry and Physics to the Arts and Manufactures’
- 1899 Sir William CrookesWilliam CrookesSir William Crookes, OM, FRS was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy...
FRS ‘for his extensive and laborious researches in chemistry and in physics, researches which have in many instances developed into useful practical applications in the Arts and Manufactures’ - 1900 Henry WildeHenry Wilde (engineer)Henry Wilde was a wealthy individual from Manchester, England who used his self-made fortune to indulge his interest in electrical engineering. He invented the dynamo-electric machine, or self-energising dynamo, an invention for which Werner von Siemens is more usually credited and, in fact,...
FRS ‘for the discovery and practical demonstration of the indefinite increase of the magnetic and electric forces from quantities indefinitely small, a discovery now used in all dynamo machines; and for its application to the production of the electric search-light, and to the electro-deposition of metals from their solutions’ - 1901 His Majesty King Edward VIIEdward VII of the United KingdomEdward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
‘in recognition of the aid rendered by His Majesty to Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, during thirty-eight years’ Presidency of the Society of Arts, by undertaking the direction of important exhibitions in this country and the executive control of British representation at International Exhibitions abroad, and also by many other services to the cause of British Industry’ - 1902 Professor Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone....
‘for his invention of the Telephone’ - 1903 Sir Charles Augustus HartleyCharles Augustus HartleySir Charles Augustus Hartley was an eminent British engineer in the Victorian era. Through his extensive work mapping the longest river in western Europe he became known as 'The Father of the Danube.'-Biography:...
KCMG ‘in recognition of his services, extending over forty-four years, as Engineer to the International Commission of the Danube, which have resulted in the opening up of the navigation of that river to ships of all nations, and of his similar services, extending over twenty years, as British Commissioner on the International Technical Commission of the Suez Canal’ - 1904 Walter CraneWalter CraneWalter Crane was an English artist and book illustrator. He is considered to be the most prolific and influential children’s book creator of his generation and, along with Randolph Caldecott and Kate Greenaway, one of the strongest contributors to the child's nursery motif that the genre of...
‘in recognition of the services he has rendered to Art and Industry by awakening popular interest in Decorative Art and Craftsmanship, and by promoting the recognition of English Art in the form most material to the commercial prosperity of the country’ - 1905 Lord Rayleigh OM, DCL, ScD, FRS ‘in recognition of the influence which his researches, directed to the increase of scientific knowledge, have had upon industrial progress, by facilitating amongst other scientific applications, the provision of accurate electrical standards, the production of improved lenses and the development of apparatus for Sound Signaling at Sea’
- 1906 Sir Joseph Wilson Swan MA, DSc, FRS ‘for the important part he took in the invention of the incandescent electric lamp, and for his invention of the carbon process of photographic printing’
- 1907 The Earl of CromerEvelyn Baring, 1st Earl of CromerEvelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, GCB, OM, GCMG, KCSI, CIE, PC, FRS , was a British statesman, diplomat and colonial administrator....
OM, GCB, GCMG, KCSI, CIE ‘in recognition of his pre-eminent public services in Egypt, where he has `imparted security to the relations of this country with the East, has established justice, restored order and prosperity, and, by the initiation of great works, has opened up new fields for enterprise’ - 1908 Sir James DewarJames DewarSir James Dewar FRS was a Scottish chemist and physicist. He is probably best-known today for his invention of the Dewar flask, which he used in conjunction with extensive research into the liquefaction of gases...
MA, DSc, LLD, FRS ‘for his investigations into the liquefaction of gases and the properties of matter at low temperatures, investigations which have resulted in the production of the lowest temperatures yet reached, the use of vacuum vessels for thermal isolation, and the application of cooled charcoal to the separation of gaseous mixtures and to the production of high vacua’ - 1909 Sir Andrew Noble KCB, DSc, DCL, FRS ‘in recognition of his long-continued and valuable researches into the nature and action of explosives, which have resulted in the greater development and improvement of modern ordnance’
- 1910 Madame Curie ‘for the discovery of Radium’
- 1911 The Hon Sir Charles Algernon ParsonsCharles Algernon ParsonsSir Charles Algernon Parsons OM KCB FRS was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the steam turbine. He worked as an engineer on dynamo and turbine design, and power generation, with great influence on the naval and electrical engineering fields...
KCB, LLD, DSc, FRS ‘for his experimental researches into the laws governing the efficient action of steam in engines of the turbine type, and for his invention of the reaction type of steam turbine, and its practical application to the generation of electricity and other purposes’ - 1912 Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal GCMG, GCVO, LLD, DCL,FRS ‘for his services in improving the railway communications, developing the resources, and promoting the commerce and industry of Canada and other parts of the British Empire’
- 1913 His Majesty King George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
‘for nine years President, and now Patron of the Society, in respectful recognition of His Majesty’s untiring efforts to make himself personally acquainted with the social and economic condition of the various parts of his Dominions, and to promote the progress of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce in the United Kingdom and throughout the British Empire’ - 1914 Chevalier Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi was an Italian inventor, known as the father of long distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is often credited as the inventor of radio, and indeed he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand...
LLD, DSc ‘for his services in the development and practical application of wireless telegraphy’ - 1915 Professor Sir J. J. ThomsonJ. J. ThomsonSir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson, OM, FRS was a British physicist and Nobel laureate. He is credited for the discovery of the electron and of isotopes, and the invention of the mass spectrometer...
OM, DSc, LLD, FRS ‘for his researches in physics and chemistry, and their application to the advancement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce’ - 1916 Professor Elias Metchnikoff For.Mem.RS ‘in recognition of the value of his investigations into the causes of immunity in infective diseases, which have led to important changes in medical practice, and to the establishment of principles certain to have a most beneficial influence on the improvement of public health’
- 1917 Orville Wright ‘in recognition of the value of the contributions of Wilbur and Orville Wright to the solution of the problem of mechanical flight’
- 1918 Sir Richard Tetley GlazebrookRichard GlazebrookSir Richard Tetley Glazebrook KCB KCVO FRS was an English physicist.-Education and early career:Glazebrook was born in West Derby, Liverpool, the son of a surgeon...
CB, ScD, FRS ‘for his services in the application of science to the industries of peace and war, by his work as Director of the National Physical LaboratoryNational Physical Laboratory, UKThe National Physical Laboratory is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England. It is the largest applied physics organisation in the UK.-Description:...
since 1899, and as Chairman of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics’ - 1919 Sir Oliver Lodge DSc, LLD, FRS ‘in recognition of his work as the pioneer of wireless telegraphy’
- 1920 Professor A A MichelsonAlbert Abraham MichelsonAlbert Abraham Michelson was an American physicist known for his work on the measurement of the speed of light and especially for the Michelson-Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics...
‘whose optical inventions have rendered possible the reproduction of accurate metric standards, and have provided the means of carrying out measurements with a minute precision hitherto unobtainable’ - 1921 Professor John Ambrose FlemingJohn Ambrose FlemingSir John Ambrose Fleming was an English electrical engineer and physicist. He is known for inventing the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, the diode, then called the kenotron in 1904. He is also famous for the left hand rule...
FRS ‘in recognition of his many valuable contributions to electrical science and its applications, and specially of his original invention of the thermionic valve, now so largely employed in wireless telegraphy and for other purposes’ - 1922 Sir Dugald Clerk KBE DSc, LLD, FRS ‘in recognition of his important contributions, both theoretical and practical to the development of the internal combustion engine, who in its latter forms has rendered aerial navigation possible, and is also extensively employed in the motor car, and in the submarine and for many other purposes’
- 1923 Major General Sir David BruceDavid Bruce (microbiologist)Major-General Sir David Bruce KCB FRS FRSE was a Scottish pathologist and microbiologist who investigated the Malta-fever and trypanosomes, identifying the cause of sleeping sickness....
KCB, DSc, LLD, FRCP, FRS and Colonel Sir Ronald Ross KCB, KCMG, DSc, LLD, MD, FRCS, FRS ‘in recognition of the eminent services they have rendered to the Economic Development of the World by their achievements in Biological Research and the Study of Tropical Diseases’ - 1924 HRH The Prince of WalesEdward VIII of the United KingdomEdward VIII was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth, and Emperor of India, from 20 January to 11 December 1936.Before his accession to the throne, Edward was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay...
‘in recognition of Services rendered to the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce as President of the British Empire Exhibition, and by his visits to the Dominions and Colonies’ - 1925 Lieut-Colonel Sir David PrainDavid PrainSir David Prain FRS was a Scottish botanist.-Biography:Prain was born to a saddler in Fettercairn, Kincardineshire, Scotland and studied at the local Parish Schhool and the University of Aberdeen. He taught for two years at Ramsgate College and then returned to Scotland to enter the University of...
CMG, CIE, ME, LLD, FRS ‘for the application of Botany to the development of raw materials of the Empire’ - 1926 Professor Paul SabatierPaul SabatierPaul Sabatier , was a French clergyman and historian who produced the first modern biography of St. Francis of Assisi. He is the brother of Auguste Sabatier....
Member of the Institute of France, For.Memb.RS ‘in recognition of his distinguished work in science and of the eminent services to industry rendered by his renowned researches in Physics and Chemistry, which laid the foundation of important industrial processes’ - 1927 Sir Aston WebbAston WebbSir Aston Webb, RA, FRIBA was an English architect, active in the late 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century...
GCVO, CB, PRA, PRIBA, FSA, LLD ‘for distinguished services to Architecture’ - 1928 Sir Ernest RutherfordErnest RutherfordErnest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM, FRS was a New Zealand-born British chemist and physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics...
(afterwards Lord Rutherford) OM, LLD, DSc, FRS ‘for his pioneer researches into the structure of matter’ - 1929 Sir Alfred Ewing KCB, LLD, FRS ‘for his work in magnetism and his services to technical education’
- 1930 Professor H E ArmstrongHenry Edward ArmstrongHenry Edward Armstrong FRS was an English chemist. Although Armstrong was active in many areas of scientific research, such as the chemistry of naphthalene derivatives, he is remembered today largely for his ideas and work on the teaching of science...
LLD, DSc, FRS ‘for his discoveries in Chemistry and his services to Education’ - 1931 HRH The Duke of Connaught and StrathearnDuke of Connaught and StrathearnThe title Duke of Connaught and Strathearn was granted by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to her third son, Prince Arthur....
KG ‘in grateful appreciation of his Presidency of the Society since 1911’ - 1932 Frank BrangwynFrank BrangwynSir Frank William Brangwyn RA RWS RBA was an Anglo-Welsh artist, painter, water colourist, virtuoso engraver and illustrator, and progressive designer.- Biography :...
RA ‘for his services to decorative and commercial art’ - 1933 Sir William Lewellyn GCVO, PRA ‘for his encouragement of Art in Industry’
- 1934 Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins LLD, DSc, PRS ‘for his researches in Biochemistry and the Constituents of Foods’
- 1935 Sir Robert HadfieldRobert HadfieldSir Robert Abbott Hadfield, 1st Baronet FRS was an English metallurgist, noted for his 1882 discovery of manganese steel, one of the first steel alloys...
Bart, DSc, FRS ‘for his researches in Metallurgy and his services to the Steel Industry’ - 1936 The Earl of DerbyEdward Stanley, 17th Earl of DerbyEdward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby KG, GCB, GCVO, TD, PC, KGStJ, JP , known as Lord Stanley from 1893 to 1908, was a British soldier, Conservative politician, diplomat and racehorse owner. He was twice Secretary of State for War and also served as British Ambassador to...
KG ‘for the advancement of Commerce and Arts, especially in Lancashire’ - 1937 Lord Nuffield OBE ‘for services to industry, transport and medical science’
- 1938 Her Majesty Queen MaryMary of TeckMary of Teck was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V....
‘in recognition of Her Majesty’s unremitting interest in arts and manufactures, to the great benefit of British industry and commerce’ - 1939 Sir Thomas HollandThomas HollandThomas Holland may refer to:* Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent * Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent * Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, also 3rd Earl of Kent, * Thomas Holland ,...
KCSI, KCIE, DSc, LLD, FRS ‘for services to the mineral industries’ - 1940 John A Milne CBE ‘for services to Industrial Art’
- 1941 President Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt , also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war...
‘in recognition of his pre-eminent services to humanity as the fearless and resolute champion of the ideals of freedom and individual liberty’ - 1942 Field Marshal J C SmutsJan SmutsJan Christiaan Smuts, OM, CH, ED, KC, FRS, PC was a prominent South African and British Commonwealth statesman, military leader and philosopher. In addition to holding various cabinet posts, he served as Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 until 1924 and from 1939 until 1948...
CH ‘Statesman. Soldier. Scientist. Philosopher’ - 1943 Sir John RussellE. John RussellSir Edward John Russell FRS was a British agriculturalist and director of Rothamsted Experimental Station from 1912 to 1943. Driven by concerns over a lack of international information exchange about agriculture he initiated the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux, which later became the Commonwealth...
OBE, DSc, FRS ‘for his researches and leadership in agricultural science and his services to husbandry in many lands’ - 1944 Sir Henry TizardHenry TizardSir Henry Thomas Tizard FRS was an English chemist and inventor and past Rector of Imperial College....
KCB, DCL, FRS ‘for his achievements in applying scientific principles to aeronautics and his services to advanced Technical Education’ - 1945 (Sir) Winston ChurchillWinston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...
CH, FRS, MP ‘whose foresight, faith and fortitude led free men to victory’ - 1946 Sir Alexander FlemingAlexander FlemingSir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy...
FRS and Sir Howard Florey FRS - 1947 Sir Robert Robinson MA, DSc, LLD, FRS, ‘for his outstanding contributions to the advancement of organic chemistry’
- 1948 Sir William Reid DickWilliam Reid DickSir William Reid, Dick was a Scottish sculptor known for his innovative stylization of form in his monument sculptures and simplicity in his portraits. He became an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1921, and a Royal Academician in 1928. Dick served as president of the Royal Society of British...
KCVO, RA ‘for National Memories in Living Stone’ - 1949 Sir Giles Gilbert ScottGiles Gilbert ScottSir Giles Gilbert Scott, OM, FRIBA was an English architect known for his work on such buildings as Liverpool Cathedral and Battersea Power Station and designing the iconic red telephone box....
‘Builder of a lasting heritage for Britain’ - 1950 Sir Edward Appleton GBE, KCB, MA, DSc, ScD, LLD, FRS ‘for outstanding services to science and industrial research’
- 1951 His Majesty King George VIGeorge VI of the United KingdomGeorge VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death...
‘in respectful recognition of His Majesty’s lifelong concern for the progress of industry and for industrial welfare’ - 1952 Air Commodore Sir Frank WhittleFrank WhittleAir Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS was a British Royal Air Force engineer officer. He is credited with independently inventing the turbojet engine Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907 – 9 August 1996) was a British Royal Air...
KBE, CB, FRS ‘for his development of the continuous-combustion gas turbine and jet propulsion’ - 1953 Dr Edgar Douglas Adrian OM, MD, PRS ‘for his outstanding contribution to neuro-physiology’
- 1954 Sir Ambrose HealAmbrose HealSir Ambrose Heal was an English furniture designer, and businessman in the first half of the 20th century....
‘for his services to industrial design’ - 1955 Dr Ralph Vaughan WilliamsRalph Vaughan WilliamsRalph Vaughan Williams OM was an English composer of symphonies, chamber music, opera, choral music, and film scores. He was also a collector of English folk music and song: this activity both influenced his editorial approach to the English Hymnal, beginning in 1904, in which he included many...
OM ‘for his eminent service to music’ - 1956 Sir Henry Dale OM, GBE, MD, FRS ‘for eminent service to science, particularly physiology’
- 1957 Sir Christopher HintonChristopher HintonChristopher Hinton, Baron Hinton of Bankside OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, was a British nuclear engineer, and supervisor of the construction of Calder Hall, the world's first large-scale commercial nuclear power station.-Career:Hinton's career began as graduate engineering apprentice with the Great...
FRS ‘for his outstanding leadership in nuclear power development’ - 1958 HM Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
‘to mark Her Majesty’s personal service to arts, manufactures and commerce, at home and abroad’ - 1959 Rt Hon Vincent MasseyVincent MasseyCharles Vincent Massey was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Canadian Confederation....
CH ‘for his distinguished encouragement of the arts and sciences’ - 1960 Sir Frederick Handley PageFrederick Handley PageSir Frederick Handley Page, CBE, FRAeS was an English industrialist who was a pioneer in the design and manufacture of aircraft. His company Handley Page Limited produced a series of military aircraft, including the Halifax bomber in World War II, of which around 7,000 were produced...
CBE - 1961 Professor Walter GropiusWalter GropiusWalter Adolph Georg Gropius was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture....
Dr.Ing, FIAA, Hon.RDI ‘for his contributions to architectural and industrial design’ - 1962 Sir Gordon RussellSydney Gordon RussellSir Gordon Russell was an English designer, craftsman and educationist.He came under the influence of the Arts and Crafts movement from 1904 after his father had moved to Broadway in the Cotswolds to be hotelier at the Lygon Arms, through the Guild of Handicraft, the community of metalworkers,...
CBE, MC, RDI, FSIA ‘for his services to industrial design’ - 1963 HRH The Duke of EdinburghDuke of EdinburghThe Duke of Edinburgh is a British royal title, named after the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, which has been conferred upon members of the British royal family only four times times since its creation in 1726...
‘for distinguished merit in promoting arts, manufactures and commerce’ - 1964 Dame Ninette de ValoisNinette de ValoisDame Ninette de Valois, OM, CH, DBE, FRAD, FISTD was an Irish-born British dancer, teacher, choreographer and director of classical ballet...
DBE ‘for her services to the art of ballet’ - 1965 Sir Leon BagritLeon BagritSir Leon Bagrit was a leading British industrialist and pioneer of automation.Born to Russian-Jewish parents in Kiev, Ukraine , Sir Leon studied law at Birkbeck College in the University of London, formed his own company in 1935, and for many years headed the revamped firm of Elliott-Automation...
‘for his work in the application of automation to industry’ - 1966 Christopher CockerellChristopher CockerellSir Christopher Sydney Cockerell CBE FRS was an English engineer, inventor of the hovercraft.-Life:Cockerell was born in Cambridge, where his father, Sir Sydney Cockerell, was curator of the Fitzwilliam Museum, having previously been the secretary of William Morris. Christopher Cockerell was...
CBE ‘for his work in the invention and technical development of the hovercraft’ - 1967 Sir Edward LewisEdward Lewis (Decca)Sir Edward Roberts Lewis was an English businessman, best known for leading the Decca recording and technology group for five decades from 1929. He built the company up from nothing to one of the major record labels of the world.A financier by profession, Lewis was professionally engaged by the...
‘for his contribution to the electronics industry’ - 1968 Sir Barnes WallisBarnes WallisSir Barnes Neville Wallis, CBE FRS, RDI, FRAeS , was an English scientist, engineer and inventor. He is best known for inventing the bouncing bomb used by the RAF in Operation Chastise to attack the dams of the Ruhr Valley during World War II...
‘in recognition of his contributions to the development of aeronautical science and engineering’ - 1969 Sir Allen LaneAllen LaneSir Allen Lane was a British publisher who founded Penguin Books, bringing high quality paperback fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.-Early life and family:...
‘for his contribution to publishing and education’ - 1970 Sir Peter ScottPeter ScottSir Peter Markham Scott, CH, CBE, DSC and Bar, MID, FRS, FZS, was a British ornithologist, conservationist, painter, naval officer and sportsman....
‘for his work in the conservation of wild life’ - 1971 Sir William GlockWilliam GlockSir William Frederick Glock was a British music critic and musical administrator.-Biography:Glock was born in London. He read history at the University of Cambridge and was an organ scholar at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge...
CBE ‘for his outstanding services to music’ - 1972 Sir George EdwardsGeorge Edwards (aviation)Sir George Robert Freeman Edwards, OM, CBE, FRS, DL , was a British aircraft designer and industrialist.Edwards was born in Highams Park, England...
OM CBE FRS ‘for services to aeronautical science and aviation’ - 1973 Sir John BetjemanJohn BetjemanSir John Betjeman, CBE was an English poet, writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who as a "poet and hack".He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture...
CBE ‘for his contribution to poetry and the appreciation of architecture’ - 1974 HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen MotherElizabeth Bowes-LyonElizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the queen consort of King George VI from 1936 until her husband's death in 1952, after which she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to avoid confusion with her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II...
‘in recognition for Her Majesty’s outstanding support and patronage of the arts, manufactures & commerce’ - 1975 Sir Nikolaus PevsnerNikolaus PevsnerSir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner, CBE, FBA was a German-born British scholar of history of art and, especially, of history of architecture...
‘for his distinguished services to Britain’s industrial heritage’ - 1976 Lord Laurence OlivierLaurence OlivierLaurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM was an English actor, director, and producer. He was one of the most famous and revered actors of the 20th century. He married three times, to fellow actors Jill Esmond, Vivien Leigh, and Joan Plowright...
‘for his service to the Drama and the British Theatre’ - 1977 Lord RobensAlfred Robens, Baron Robens of WoldinghamAlfred Robens, Baron Robens of Woldingham CBE PC was an English trade unionist, Labour politician and industrialist...
PC ‘for his contribution to industrial progress in Britain’ - 1978 Sir John CharnleyJohn CharnleySir John Charnley was a British orthopaedic surgeon. He pioneered the hip replacement operation, which is now one of the most common operations both in the UK and elsewhere in the world...
‘for his contributions to orthopaedic surgery’ - 1979 Sir Robert Mayer ‘for his services to music, and in particular his generous and practical encouragement of young musicians and of young people learning to appreciate music’
- 1980 Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth (Barbara WardBarbara WardBarbara Mary Ward , in later life Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, was a British economist and writer interested in the problems of developing countries. She urged Western governments to share their prosperity with the rest of the world and in the 1960s turned her attention to environmental...
) ‘for her work in the field of international co-operation in economic development’ - 1981 Yehudi MenuhinYehudi MenuhinYehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE was a Russian Jewish American violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom. He was born to Russian Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985...
Hon.KBE ‘for his contribution to music’ - 1982 Akio MoritaAkio MoritaAkio Morita KBE was a Japanese businessman and co-founder of Sony Corporation along with Masaru Ibuka.-Early life:...
‘for his contributions to technological and industrial innovation and management’ - 1983 Sir Arnold Hall ‘for his outstanding contributions to the aeronautical industry, and in particular to aeronautical engineering’
- 1984 Sir Hugh CassonHugh CassonSir Hugh Maxwell Casson, KCVO, RA, RDI, was a British architect, interior designer, artist, and influential writer and broadcaster on 20th century design. He is particularly noted for his role as director of architecture at the 1951 Festival of Britain on London's South Bank.Casson's family...
KCVO RIBA RDI ‘for his contributions to art and design’ - 1985 HRH The Prince of WalesCharles, Prince of WalesPrince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent and eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1958 his major title has been His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. In Scotland he is additionally known as The Duke of Rothesay...
‘for increasing recognition of the need for new - and often young - enterprise in industry, and for multiplying support, both corporate and private, for the arts’ - 1986 Sir Alastair PilkingtonAlastair PilkingtonLionel Alexander Bethune Pilkington, and his associate Kenneth Bickerstaff, both of Great Britain, developed the world's first commercially successful manufacture of high quality flat glass using their float glass process...
‘for his outstanding contribution to industrial innovation’ - 1987 Dr Francis CrickFrancis CrickFrancis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953, together with James D. Watson...
FRS ‘for his contributions to molecular and cell biology’ - 1988 Sir Shridath RamphalShridath RamphalSir Shridath Surendranath "Sonny" Ramphal, GCMG, AC, ONZ, OE, OM, QC, FRSA served as the second Commonwealth Secretary-General from 1975-1990. Ramphal previously served as the Foreign Minister of Guyana from 1972-1975...
CMG QC ‘for his outstanding contributions towards accord within the Commonwealth, and his promotion of the worldwide concept of or inseparable humanity’ - 1989 Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover ‘for his outstanding contributions in the fields of business and the arts’
- 1990 Dr Jonathan MillerJonathan MillerSir Jonathan Wolfe Miller CBE is a British theatre and opera director, author, physician, television presenter, humorist and sculptor. Trained as a physician in the late 1950s, he first came to prominence in the 1960s with his role in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe with fellow writers and...
‘for his outstanding contribution he has made to both the arts and science and the way he has brought both to a larger audience’ - 1991 Baroness SeearBeatrice Seear, Baroness SeearNancy Seear, Baroness Seear PC was a British social scientist and politician. She was leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords from 1984 to 1988, and Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords from 1988 to 1997...
‘for her distinguished contribution to public life in the spheres of industrial relations and the development of the principles of human resources management in industry’ - 1992 Lord Young of DarlingtonDavid Young, Baron Young of GraffhamDavid Ivor Young, Baron Young of Graffham, PC DL is a British Conservative politician and businessman.-Early life:Young is the elder son of a businessman who imported flour and later set up as a manufacturer of coats for children...
‘for his impact and achievement in a multiplicity of fields, especially education, consumer affairs and social services’ - 1993 Paul HamlynPaul HamlynPaul Hamlyn, Baron Hamlyn of Edgeworth, CBE , was a German-born British publisher and philanthropist.-Family:...
‘for his contribution to the arts, manufactures and commerce as a businessman, publisher and philanthropist’ - 1994 Sir Ernest HallErnest HallErnest Hall was an English cricketer. Hall was a right-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper.Hall made his first-class debut for Hampshire 1880 against the Marylebone Cricket Club...
‘for his charitable enterprise founded on his achievements as a financial analyst’ - 1995 Sir Adrian CadburyAdrian CadburySir George Adrian Hayhurst Cadbury is a former British Olympic rower and Chairman of Cadbury and Cadbury Schweppes for 24 years. He has been a pioneer in raising the awareness and stimulating the debate on corporate governance and produced the Cadbury Report, a code of best practice which served...
‘for his outstanding contribution to business and to corporate governance’ - 1996 Sir Claus Moser KCB CBE FBA ‘for his contribution to social sciences and commitment to education, music and the arts’
- 1997 Sir Simon RattleSimon RattleSir Simon Denis Rattle, CBE is an English conductor. He rose to international prominence as conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and since 2002 has been principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic ....
‘for his outstanding contribution as a leading conductor and champion or orchestral involvement in a broad programme of education and community activity’ - 1998 Baroness WarnockMary Warnock, Baroness WarnockHelen Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock, DBE, FBA is a British philosopher of morality, education and mind, and writer on existentialism.-Early life:...
‘in recognition of her national and international influence on the fields of education, ethics, human fertility, environmental issues and philosophy’ - 1999 Professor Stephen HawkingStephen HawkingStephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA is an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity...
‘for making physics more accessible, understandable and exciting and opening the subject to a wider audience through his books and television programmes’ - 2000 HRH The Princess RoyalAnne, Princess RoyalPrincess Anne, Princess Royal , is the only daughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh...
‘for her many years of enthusiastically promoting and encouraging arts, manufactures and commerce in her visit programme and her dedicated work for charities.’ - 2001 Mary RobinsonMary RobinsonMary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...
‘for her work as the main architect of the Global Compact on Corporate Social Responsibility.’ - 2002 Sir Tim Berners-LeeTim Berners-LeeSir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, , also known as "TimBL", is a British computer scientist, MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web...
‘for his outstanding contribution to the World Wide Web.’ - 2003 Tim SmitTim SmitTim Smit KBE is a Dutch-born British businessman, famous for his work on the Lost Gardens of Heligan and the Eden Project, both in Cornwall, Britain.-Biography:...
‘for developing the Eden ProjectEden ProjectThe Eden Project is a visitor attraction in Cornwall in the United Kingdom, including the world's largest greenhouse. Inside the artificial biomes are plants that are collected from all around the world....
which has broken new boundaries in tourism, ecology, education, enterprise and development partnership.’ - 2004 Karan Bilimoria ‘for meeting the RSA manifesto challenge to encourage enterprise’
- 2005 Dr Gro Harlem BrundtlandGro Harlem BrundtlandGro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...
‘for awaking the world to the environmental challenge’ - 2008 Dr Simon Duffy for social innovation
- 2009 Zarine Kharas, CEO of JustgivingJustgivingJustGiving is a private for-profit company formed in 2000 for the administration of charitable donations. The company's website provides online fundraising tools to enable the electronic collection of donations.- Details :...
'for democratising fundraising’ - 2010 Jeremy DellerJeremy DellerJeremy Deller is an English conceptual, video and installation artist. He is a Turner Prize winner.Deller is best-known for his Battle of Orgreave , a reenactment of the actual Battle of Orgreave which occurred during the UK miners' strike in 1984.-Life and work:Jeremy Deller was born in London,...
, contemporary visual artist 'for creating art that encourages public responses and creativity'.