Anik (satellite)
Encyclopedia
The Anik satellites are geostationary communications satellite
s launched by Telesat Canada
for television
in Canada
. In Inuktitut
, Anik means "little brother".
the ability to reach the Canadian North for the first time. Each of the satellites was equipped with 12 C-band transponders, and thus had the capacity for 12 colour television channels.
There is a detailed description of the Anik A satellites on the Boeing Satellite Systems website here.
It was launched on December 15, 1978 and was the successor to the Anik A series and Hermes
(aka Communications Technology Satellite, or CTS) experimental satellite.
Most of the transponders were devoted to CBC Television
-- East and West feed, CBC Parliamentary Television Network
, CITV-TV
Edmonton, CHCH
Hamilton, and TVOntario
.
CNCP Telecommunications
also used Anik B as a relay for its services. The Globe and Mail used Anik B to transmit copy to printing plants across Canada.
There is a detailed description of the Anik C satellites on the Boeing Satellite Systems website here.
Anik C-3 was used to distribute Canada
's first pay television networks -- First Choice, Superchannel, C-Channel, Star Channel, AIM Pay-TV since February 1983.
Anik C-3 transponder lineup (1983):
Anik E2 experienced an anomaly during deployment of its C-band antenna, which was successfully deployed after several corrective maneuvers.
On Thursday, January 20, 1994 Anik E1 and E2 suffered problems due to solar activity. E1 failed first at 12:50 (EST), knocking out satellite-delivered television signals in Canada. After a few hours, Telesat managed to restore normal functions on E1 at 20:15 EST. At 21:00 EST, E2 failed, as the gyroscope
that helps keep the satellite positioned correctly had caused the signals not to point towards Earth. The exact problem lay with the circuitry having to do with the stabilizing momentum wheel
. E2 was not restored to service for five months; users had to relocate services to E1 and reposition satellite dishes; for some users, such as Northwestel
in northern Canada, it meant days of flying technicians from one community to another to reposition the dishes.
Telesat ultimately restored E2 by constructing special earth stations at each end of the country to monitor the satellite's position, and using its control jets to finely position the satellite, but this shortened the satellite's lifetime as the fuel was intended for much less frequent adjustments along its geostationary orbit.
Anik F1 is a Canadian
geosynchronous
communications satellite
that was launched on November 21, 2000 by an Ariane 4 rocket from the European Space Agency
Guiana Space Centre at Kourou
. At the moment of its launch it was the most powerful communications satellite ever built. It has an advanced xenon Ion thruster
propulsion system and its communication "footprint" covers Central America
as well as North America
.
It was launched by Telesat
, a Canadian communications company. The primary customers are the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
, Shaw Direct, CHUM Limited
and Canadian Satellite Communications Inc.
The solar panels of Anik F1 degraded more rapidly than expected, and a replacement Anik F1R was launched in 2005, with Anik F1 switching to serving only South America http://www.telesat.ca/investorRelations/pdf/annualReport/2003/presidentreport-e.pdf. Anik F1R also carries a GPS/WAAS payload.
With its use of technology, low-cost two-way satellite delivery will be available for wireless broadband Internet connections, telemedicine, teleteaching, teleworking and e-commerce in the most remote regions of Canada.
On October 6, 2011 starting around 6:30 am EST a "technical anomaly" caused the satellite to point away from the earth causing an outage in Internet, telephone and bank machine connectivity throughout much of Canada's northern areas. The outage also affected flights in the region.
, and broadcast TV in northern and other remote areas of Canada. It was built by EADS Astrium
and launched on a Proton M rocket. It was successfully placed into orbit by International Launch Services
, who also launched Anik F1R, Nimiq 1 and Nimiq 2.
Communications satellite
A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications...
s launched by Telesat Canada
Telesat Canada
Telesat Canada is a Canadian satellite communications company founded on May 2, 1969. The company is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario as well as having offices in the United States and Brazil.On October 5, 2007 Loral Space & Communications Inc...
for television
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. In Inuktitut
Inuktitut
Inuktitut or Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian Inuit language is the name of some of the Inuit languages spoken in Canada...
, Anik means "little brother".
The Satellites
| Name | Satellite type | Launched | Retired | Launch vehicle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anik A1 | Hughes Aircraft HS333 | November 9, 1972 | July 15, 1982 | Delta 1914 rocket Delta rocket Delta is a versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960. There have been more than 300 Delta rockets launched, with a 95 percent success rate. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are in active use... |
| Anik A2 | Hughes Aircraft HS333 | April 20, 1973 | October 6, 1982 | Delta rocket Delta rocket Delta is a versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960. There have been more than 300 Delta rockets launched, with a 95 percent success rate. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are in active use... |
| Anik A3 | Hughes Aircraft HS333 | May 7, 1975 | November 21, 1984 | Delta rocket Delta rocket Delta is a versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960. There have been more than 300 Delta rockets launched, with a 95 percent success rate. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are in active use... |
| Anik B1 | RCA Astro Satcom | December 15, 1978 | December 1, 1986 | Delta rocket Delta rocket Delta is a versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960. There have been more than 300 Delta rockets launched, with a 95 percent success rate. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are in active use... |
| Anik C1 | Hughes Aircraft HS376 | April 12, 1985 | May 5, 2003 | |
| Anik C2 | Hughes Aircraft HS376 | June 18, 1983 | January 7, 1998 | |
| Anik C3 | Hughes Aircraft HS376 | November 11, 1982 | June 18, 1997 | |
| Anik D1 | Hughes Aircraft HS376 | August 26, 1982 | December 16, 1991 | Delta rocket Delta rocket Delta is a versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960. There have been more than 300 Delta rockets launched, with a 95 percent success rate. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are in active use... |
| Anik D2 | Hughes Aircraft HS376 | November 8, 1984 | January 31, 1995 | |
| Anik E1 | GE Astro 5000 | September 26, 1991 | January 18, 2005 | Ariane 4 Ariane 4 Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. Ariane 4 was justly known as the ‘workhorse’ of the Ariane family. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the last, on 15 February 2003, it... |
| Anik E2 | GE Astro 5000 | April 4, 1991 | November 23, 2005 | Ariane 4 Ariane 4 Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. Ariane 4 was justly known as the ‘workhorse’ of the Ariane family. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the last, on 15 February 2003, it... |
| Anik F1 | HS 702 (Boeing 702 Boeing 702 Boeing 702 is a communications satellite design. The Boeing Satellite Development Center tailors the payload of each Boeing 702 to meet customer specifications based on a modular design but with usually more than seventy transponders.... ) |
November 21, 2000 | Still in use | Ariane 4 Ariane 4 Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. Ariane 4 was justly known as the ‘workhorse’ of the Ariane family. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the last, on 15 February 2003, it... |
| Anik F2 | Boeing 702 | July 17, 2004 | Still in use | Ariane 5G Ariane 5 Ariane 5 is, as a part of Ariane rocket family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit or low Earth orbit . Ariane 5 rockets are manufactured under the authority of the European Space Agency and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales... |
| Anik F1R | Eurostar E3000 | September 9, 2005 | Still in use | Proton/Breeze-M |
| Anik F3 | Eurostar E3000 | April 10, 2007 | Still in use | Proton/Breeze-M |
Anik A
The Anik A satellites were the world's first national domestic satellites. They gave the CBCCanadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly known as CBC and officially as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster...
the ability to reach the Canadian North for the first time. Each of the satellites was equipped with 12 C-band transponders, and thus had the capacity for 12 colour television channels.
There is a detailed description of the Anik A satellites on the Boeing Satellite Systems website here.
Anik B
The Anik B satellite had twelve C-band transponders like the Anik As, with an additional six transponders.It was launched on December 15, 1978 and was the successor to the Anik A series and Hermes
Hermes Communications Technology Satellite
The Communications Technology Satellite, also known as Hermes was an experimental high-power direct broadcast communications satellite. It was a joint effort of Canada's Department of Communications, who designed and managed it, NASA who launched it and provided a traveling wave guide, the European...
(aka Communications Technology Satellite, or CTS) experimental satellite.
Most of the transponders were devoted to CBC Television
CBC Television
CBC Television is a Canadian television network owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the national public broadcaster.Although the CBC is supported by public funding, the television network supplements this funding with commercial advertising revenue, in contrast to CBC Radio which are...
-- East and West feed, CBC Parliamentary Television Network
CBC Parliamentary Television Network
CBC Parliamentary Television Network is a now defunct Canadian cable television specialty channel that broadcast the Canadian House of Commons proceedings via Anik satellite to Canadian cable television headends between September 1979 and 1992.- Origins :...
, CITV-TV
CITV-TV
CITV-DT is a television station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Known on air as Global Edmonton, the station is owned by Shaw Media, and is an owned-and-operated station of the Global Television Network. It transmits on channel 13 and cable 8 in Edmonton, and is carried on the Bell TV and Shaw...
Edmonton, CHCH
CHCH-TV
CHCH-DT, channel 11, is a television station originating in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, with transmitters located throughout Ontario. CHCH currently operates as an independent station, having previously served as a CBC Television affiliate, and more recently as the flagship station of the...
Hamilton, and TVOntario
TVOntario
TVOntario, often referred to only as TVO , is a publicly funded, educational English-language television station and media organization in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority, a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario...
.
CNCP Telecommunications
CNCP Telecommunications
CNCP Telecommunications was an electrical telegraph operator and later as a telecom company...
also used Anik B as a relay for its services. The Globe and Mail used Anik B to transmit copy to printing plants across Canada.
Anik C
The Anik C satellite series was three times more powerful than the Anik A series. They each had sixteen Ku band transponders.There is a detailed description of the Anik C satellites on the Boeing Satellite Systems website here.
Anik C-3 was used to distribute Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
's first pay television networks -- First Choice, Superchannel, C-Channel, Star Channel, AIM Pay-TV since February 1983.
Anik C-3 transponder lineup (1983):
- 02 - Atlantic Satellite NetworkAtlantic Satellite NetworkCTV Two Atlantic is a Canadian English language cable television channel serving Atlantic Canada owned by Bell Media, with its studios located in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is currently part of Bell Media's secondary CTV Two television system....
- 03 - Assiniboia Downs Racing Network
- 06 - Super ÉcranSuper ÉcranSuper Écran is a Canadian French language Category A premium television service that broadcasts nationally via satellite or cable subscribers. The network is owned by Astral Media...
Tv Payante - 10 - Radio-Quebec
- 14 - La Sette 2
- 15 - Knowledge
- 16 - La Sette 1
- 17 - Access Alberta
- 18 - TFOTFOTFO is a Canadian French language educational public television network in the province of Ontario. It is the only French-language television network in Canada whose operations are based entirely outside of Quebec....
- 19 - Premier Choix/TVECSuper ÉcranSuper Écran is a Canadian French language Category A premium television service that broadcasts nationally via satellite or cable subscribers. The network is owned by Astral Media...
Tv Payante - 20 - TVOntarioTVOntarioTVOntario, often referred to only as TVO , is a publicly funded, educational English-language television station and media organization in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority, a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario...
- 23 - Superchannel
- 24 - TVOntarioTVOntarioTVOntario, often referred to only as TVO , is a publicly funded, educational English-language television station and media organization in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority, a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario...
-Legislature - 25 - CHSCThe Shopping ChannelThe Shopping Channel is a Canadian English language cable television home shopping channel. The Shopping Channel is a division of Rogers Media. The channel is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario. It showcases various products throughout the day of which viewers can purchase either by telephone or...
Canadian Home Shopping Club (West feed) - 27 - Knowledge NetworkKnowledge NetworkKnowledge , formerly Knowledge Network, is a Canadian English language public educational cable television network in the province of British Columbia...
- 30 - First Choice
- 32 - CHSCThe Shopping ChannelThe Shopping Channel is a Canadian English language cable television home shopping channel. The Shopping Channel is a division of Rogers Media. The channel is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario. It showcases various products throughout the day of which viewers can purchase either by telephone or...
Canadian Home Shopping Club (East feed)
Anik D
Anik D1 & D2 series C-Band satellites were launched in 1982 and 1984. They were based on the Hughes 376 design. Anik D1 carried the CANCOM package - a group of television signals for use by cable companies.Anik E
Anik E1 & E2 were launched in the early 1990s to replace Anik D1 & D2. Unlike the cylinder-shaped satellites of the D-series, these were regular type satellites, but newer generation.Anik E2 experienced an anomaly during deployment of its C-band antenna, which was successfully deployed after several corrective maneuvers.
On Thursday, January 20, 1994 Anik E1 and E2 suffered problems due to solar activity. E1 failed first at 12:50 (EST), knocking out satellite-delivered television signals in Canada. After a few hours, Telesat managed to restore normal functions on E1 at 20:15 EST. At 21:00 EST, E2 failed, as the gyroscope
Gyroscope
A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of angular momentum. In essence, a mechanical gyroscope is a spinning wheel or disk whose axle is free to take any orientation...
that helps keep the satellite positioned correctly had caused the signals not to point towards Earth. The exact problem lay with the circuitry having to do with the stabilizing momentum wheel
Momentum wheel
A reaction wheel is a type of flywheel used primarily by spacecraft for attitude control without using fuel for rockets or other reaction devices....
. E2 was not restored to service for five months; users had to relocate services to E1 and reposition satellite dishes; for some users, such as Northwestel
Northwestel
Northwestel Inc. is the incumbent local exchange carrier and long distance carrier in Northern Canada. The company name is a portmanteau, sometimes spelled NorthwesTel, for Northwest Telecommunications.-Modern corporate history:...
in northern Canada, it meant days of flying technicians from one community to another to reposition the dishes.
Telesat ultimately restored E2 by constructing special earth stations at each end of the country to monitor the satellite's position, and using its control jets to finely position the satellite, but this shortened the satellite's lifetime as the fuel was intended for much less frequent adjustments along its geostationary orbit.
Anik F1
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launch Date | November 21, 2000 |
| Launch Mass | 4710 kg |
| Orbit Mass | 3015 kg |
| Manufacturer | |
| Model | |
| Launcher / Flight Number Flight number A flight number, when combined with the name of the airline and the date, identifies a particular flight. This callsign should not be confused with the tail number of the aircraft, although both can be used as a call-sign as used in general aviation... |
Ariane 4 Ariane 4 Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. Ariane 4 was justly known as the ‘workhorse’ of the Ariane family. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the last, on 15 February 2003, it... / Flight 136 http://www.defense-aerospace.com/produit/3662_us.html |
| Lifetime | 15 year |
| Transponder Information | |
| Transponder Capacity | |
| Twta output power | |
| Bandwidth | |
| EIRP Equivalent isotropically radiated power In radio communication systems, Equivalent isotropically radiated power or, alternatively, Effective isotropically radiated power is the amount of power that a theoretical isotropic antenna would emit to produce the peak power density observed in the direction of maximum antenna gain... |
|
| Sundries | |
| Expendable Energy | |
| Location | |
| Former location | |
| Current location | |
| List of broadcast satellites | |
Anik F1 is a Canadian
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
geosynchronous
Geosynchronous satellite
A geosynchronous Satellite is a satellite whose orbit on the Earth repeats regularly over points on the Earth over time. If such a satellite's orbit lies over the equator, the orbit is circular and its angular velocity is the same as the earth's, then it is called a geostationary satellite...
communications satellite
Communications satellite
A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications...
that was launched on November 21, 2000 by an Ariane 4 rocket from the European Space Agency
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency , established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 18 member states...
Guiana Space Centre at Kourou
Kourou
Kourou is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.Kourou is the location of the Guiana Space Centre, France and ESA's main spaceport.-Geography:...
. At the moment of its launch it was the most powerful communications satellite ever built. It has an advanced xenon Ion thruster
Ion thruster
An ion thruster is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion that creates thrust by accelerating ions. Ion thrusters are categorized by how they accelerate the ions, using either electrostatic or electromagnetic force. Electrostatic ion thrusters use the Coulomb force and...
propulsion system and its communication "footprint" covers Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
as well as North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
.
It was launched by Telesat
Telesat Canada
Telesat Canada is a Canadian satellite communications company founded on May 2, 1969. The company is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario as well as having offices in the United States and Brazil.On October 5, 2007 Loral Space & Communications Inc...
, a Canadian communications company. The primary customers are the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly known as CBC and officially as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster...
, Shaw Direct, CHUM Limited
CHUM Limited
CHUM Limited was a media company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from 1945 to 2007. Immediately prior to its acquisition, it held full or joint control of two Canadian television systems — Citytv and A-Channel — comprising 11 local stations, and one CBC Television affiliate, one...
and Canadian Satellite Communications Inc.
- Manufacturer: Telesat Canada
- Satellite Type: BoeingBoeingThe Boeing Company is an American multinational aerospace and defense corporation, founded in 1916 by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. Boeing has expanded over the years, merging with McDonnell Douglas in 1997. Boeing Corporate headquarters has been in Chicago, Illinois since 2001...
Satellite Systems (formerly Hughes aircraft) bus model 702 - MassMassMass can be defined as a quantitive measure of the resistance an object has to change in its velocity.In physics, mass commonly refers to any of the following three properties of matter, which have been shown experimentally to be equivalent:...
: 4710 kg (10,384 lb) at launch and 3015 kg (6647 lb) in orbit - Dimensions: 40.4 m (132.5 feet) long and 9.0 m (29.5 feet) wide with the solar panels and antennas deployed.
- DCDirect currentDirect current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through...
power: 17.5 kW - Expected lifetime: 15 years
- TransponderTransponderIn telecommunication, the term transponder has the following meanings:...
s: 84 C bandC bandThe C band is a name given to certain portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, including wavelengths of microwaves that are used for long-distance radio telecommunications. The IEEE C-band - and its slight variations - contains frequency ranges that are used for many satellite communications...
and - Launch vehicleLaunch vehicleIn spaceflight, a launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a payload from the Earth's surface into outer space. A launch system includes the launch vehicle, the launch pad and other infrastructure....
: Ariane 4Ariane 4Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. Ariane 4 was justly known as the ‘workhorse’ of the Ariane family. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the last, on 15 February 2003, it...
The solar panels of Anik F1 degraded more rapidly than expected, and a replacement Anik F1R was launched in 2005, with Anik F1 switching to serving only South America http://www.telesat.ca/investorRelations/pdf/annualReport/2003/presidentreport-e.pdf. Anik F1R also carries a GPS/WAAS payload.
Anik F2
At 5900 kilograms (13,007.3 lb), it is more than ten times the size of Anik A1 and is one of the largest, most powerful communications satellites ever built. Anik F2 is a Boeing 702-series satellite, designed to support and enhance current North American voice, data, and broadcast services with its C- and Ku-band technologies. It is the fifteenth satellite to be launched by Telesat.With its use of technology, low-cost two-way satellite delivery will be available for wireless broadband Internet connections, telemedicine, teleteaching, teleworking and e-commerce in the most remote regions of Canada.
On October 6, 2011 starting around 6:30 am EST a "technical anomaly" caused the satellite to point away from the earth causing an outage in Internet, telephone and bank machine connectivity throughout much of Canada's northern areas. The outage also affected flights in the region.
Anik F3
According to SatNews Publishers, Anik F3 is a 4634 kilograms (10,216 lb) broadcasting and telecommunications satellite which will provide direct-to-home television in the United States, broadband Internet and telecommunications for Bell CanadaBell Canada
Bell Canada is a major Canadian telecommunications company. Including its subsidiaries such as Bell Aliant, Northwestel, Télébec, and NorthernTel, it is the incumbent local exchange carrier for telephone and DSL Internet services in most of Canada east of Manitoba and in the northern territories,...
, and broadcast TV in northern and other remote areas of Canada. It was built by EADS Astrium
EADS Astrium
Astrium Satellites is one of the three business units of Astrium, a subsidiary of EADS. It is a European space manufacturer involved in the manufacture of spacecraft used for science, Earth observation and telecommunication, as well as the equipment and subsystems used therein and related ground...
and launched on a Proton M rocket. It was successfully placed into orbit by International Launch Services
International Launch Services
International Launch Services is a U.S.-Russian joint venture with exclusive rights to the worldwide sale of commercial Proton rocket launch services from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.- Ownership :...
, who also launched Anik F1R, Nimiq 1 and Nimiq 2.
External links
- Telesat's list of satellites
- The list from the CSA's website
- CBC Digital Archives - Launching the Digital Age: Canadian Satellites
- Anik D series
- Anik F1
- Anik F2
- Anik F3 Channel List at Sathint
- 1972 Anik A1 NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre