BTLA
Encyclopedia
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the BTLA gene
. BTLA has also been designated as CD272 (cluster of differentiation
272).
s, and BTLA remains expressed on Th1 cells but not Th2 cells. Like PD1 and CTLA4, BTLA interacts with a B7 homolog, B7H4
. However, unlike PD-1 and CTLA-4, BTLA displays T-Cell inhibition via interaction with tumor necrosis family receptors (TNF-R
), not just the B7 family of cell surface receptors. BTLA is a ligand for tumour necrosis factor (receptor) superfamily, member 14 (TNFRSF14
), also known as herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). BTLA-HVEM complexes negatively regulate T-cell immune responses.
+ cancer-specific T cells.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the BTLA gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. BTLA has also been designated as CD272 (cluster of differentiation
Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on white blood cells, providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells...
272).
Function
BTLA expression is induced during activation of T cellT cell
T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells , by the presence of a T cell receptor on the cell surface. They are...
s, and BTLA remains expressed on Th1 cells but not Th2 cells. Like PD1 and CTLA4, BTLA interacts with a B7 homolog, B7H4
VTCN1
V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTCN1 gene.-Further reading:...
. However, unlike PD-1 and CTLA-4, BTLA displays T-Cell inhibition via interaction with tumor necrosis family receptors (TNF-R
Tumor necrosis factor receptor
A tumor necrosis factor receptor , or death receptor, is a trimeric cytokine receptor that binds tumor necrosis factors . The receptor cooperates with an adaptor protein , which is important in determining the outcome of the response A tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), or death receptor, is a...
), not just the B7 family of cell surface receptors. BTLA is a ligand for tumour necrosis factor (receptor) superfamily, member 14 (TNFRSF14
TNFRSF14
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF14 gene. It is also known as "herpesvirus entry mediator" .-Interactions:...
), also known as herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). BTLA-HVEM complexes negatively regulate T-cell immune responses.
Clinical significance
BTLA activation inhibits the function of human CD8CD8
CD8 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor . Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex molecule, but is specific for the class I MHC protein. There are two isoforms of the protein, alpha and beta, each encoded by a different gene...
+ cancer-specific T cells.