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Baranya (former county)
Encyclopedia
Baranya is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
. Its territory is presently in southern Hungary
(the present county Baranya
) and northeastern Croatia
(part of the Osijek-Baranja county
). The capital of the county was Pécs
.
region. It shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna
, Bács-Bodrog
and Verőce
(the latter county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the rivers Drave (north bank) and Danube
(west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km² around 1910.
, in the 11th century. Stephen I of Hungary founded an episcopal seat
here.
In the 15th century, Janus Pannonius
was the Bishop
of Pécs
.
In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire
conquered Baranya, and included it into the sanjak
of Mohács, an Ottoman administrative unit, with the seat in the city of Mohács
.
In the end of the 17th century, Baranya was captured by Habsburg Empire, and was included into Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
.
In 1918, the entire Baranya was captured by Serbian troops and was administered by the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but as a Republic, see: Baranya-Baja Republic
.
By the Treaty of Trianon
of 1920, the territory of the county was divided between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929) and Hungary. The south-east of the county was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the remainder was assigned to Hungary, and today it is part of the present Hungarian county Baranya
, which also include some lands in the west that were not part of the historic Baranya county (After World War II the district of Szigetvár
(previously part of Somogy county) was transferred to Baranya county).
Since 1991, when Croatia
became independent from Yugoslavia
, the Yugoslav part of pre-1918 Baranya county is part of Croatia
. Between 1991 and 1995 it was under occupation of rebel Croatian Serbs
, while UN administered that area (Srem-Baranja Oblast) as a transitional body. In modern times there is a Magyar and Serb
minority in Croatian Baranja and a Croatian
minority in Hungarian Baranya. Roma minority is present in both parts, as well as Germans
(until 1945).
Population by language (1910 census):
The towns of Branjin Vrh
and Darda
are presently in Croatia
.
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Its territory is presently in southern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
(the present county Baranya
Baranya (county)
Baranya is the name of an administrative county in present Hungary, in the Baranya region, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary ....
) and northeastern Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
(part of the Osijek-Baranja county
Osijek-Baranja County
Osijek-Baranja county is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja. Its center is Osijek; other cities include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, Beli Manastir.-Administrative divisions:Osijek-Baranja county is divided into:...
). The capital of the county was Pécs
Pécs
Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
.
Geography
Baranya county was located in BaranyaBaranya (region)
Baranya or Baranja is a geographical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers. Its territory is divided between Hungary and Croatia...
region. It shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna
Tolna (county)
Tolna is the name of an administrative county in present Hungary and in the former Kingdom of Hungary. It lies in central Hungary, on the west bank of the river Danube. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Fejér, Bács-Kiskun, and Baranya. The capital of Tolna county is Szekszárd...
, Bács-Bodrog
Bács-Bodrog
Bács-Bodrog County was the administrative county of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary from 18th century to 1918. Its territory is currently in northern Serbia and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Zombor .-Name:The county was named after two older counties: Bács and Bodrog...
and Verőce
Veröce
Veröce may refer to*Virovitica*Veröce, Hungary, in Pest County, Hungary...
(the latter county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the rivers Drave (north bank) and Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
(west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km² around 1910.
History
Baranya county arose as one of the first comitatus of the Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
, in the 11th century. Stephen I of Hungary founded an episcopal seat
Episcopal See
An episcopal see is, in the original sense, the official seat of a bishop. This seat, which is also referred to as the bishop's cathedra, is placed in the bishop's principal church, which is therefore called the bishop's cathedral...
here.
In the 15th century, Janus Pannonius
Janus Pannonius
Janus Pannonius was a Croatian and Hungarian Latinist, poet, diplomat and Bishop of Pécs.He was the only truly significant poet of the Renaissance in the Kingdom of Hungary and one of the better-known figures of Humanist poetry in Europe. He was born in a small village near the Drava river in a...
was the Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of Pécs
Pécs
Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
.
In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
conquered Baranya, and included it into the sanjak
Sanjak
Sanjaks were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. Sanjak, and the variant spellings sandjak, sanjaq, and sinjaq, are English transliterations of the Turkish word sancak, meaning district, banner, or flag...
of Mohács, an Ottoman administrative unit, with the seat in the city of Mohács
Mohács
Mohács is a town in Baranya county, Hungary on the right bank of the Danube.-History:Two famous battles took place there:# Battle of Mohács, 1526# Battle of Mohács, 1687...
.
In the end of the 17th century, Baranya was captured by Habsburg Empire, and was included into Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
.
In 1918, the entire Baranya was captured by Serbian troops and was administered by the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but as a Republic, see: Baranya-Baja Republic
Baranya-Baja Republic
The Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic was a short-lived, Soviet-oriented mini-state, proclaimed in Pécs on 14 August 1921, on occupied Hungarian territory during the peacemaking aftermath of the first World War, tolerated and fostered by...
.
By the Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
of 1920, the territory of the county was divided between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929) and Hungary. The south-east of the county was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the remainder was assigned to Hungary, and today it is part of the present Hungarian county Baranya
Baranya (county)
Baranya is the name of an administrative county in present Hungary, in the Baranya region, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary ....
, which also include some lands in the west that were not part of the historic Baranya county (After World War II the district of Szigetvár
Szigetvár
-History:The town's fortress was the setting of the Battle of Szigetvár in 1566. It was a sanjak centre at first in Budin Province , later in Kanije Province .There was already a bum in the marshland back in the Celtic and Roman times...
(previously part of Somogy county) was transferred to Baranya county).
Since 1991, when Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
became independent from Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
, the Yugoslav part of pre-1918 Baranya county is part of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. Between 1991 and 1995 it was under occupation of rebel Croatian Serbs
Republic of Serbian Krajina
The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...
, while UN administered that area (Srem-Baranja Oblast) as a transitional body. In modern times there is a Magyar and Serb
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
minority in Croatian Baranja and a Croatian
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
minority in Hungarian Baranya. Roma minority is present in both parts, as well as Germans
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
(until 1945).
Demographics
According to the census of 1910, the county had 352,478 inhabitants.Population by language (1910 census):
- Hungarian = 199,659 (56,6%)
- German = 112,297 (31,8%)
- Serbian = 13,048 (3,7%)
- Croatian = 10,159
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Baranya county were:| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Baranyavár (Croatian Croatian language Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries... : Branjin Vrh Branjin Vrh Branjin Vrh is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Beli Manastir municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County.-See also:*Osijek-Baranja county*Baranja... ) |
Dárda (Croatian Croatian language Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries... : Darda Darda Darda can refer to:* Darda, Croatia, a village and a municipality in eastern Croatia*Rajendra Darda, Indian politician*Vijay J. Darda, Indian politician*Darda , a car racing set made in Germany*Darda, a card game closely related to Klabberjass... ) |
| Hegyhát | Sásd Sásd Sásd is a town in Baranya county, Hungary.... |
| Mohács | Mohács Mohács Mohács is a town in Baranya county, Hungary on the right bank of the Danube.-History:Two famous battles took place there:# Battle of Mohács, 1526# Battle of Mohács, 1687... |
| Pécs | Pécs Pécs Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county... |
| Pécsvárad | Pécsvárad Pécsvárad -Sightseeings:Among the most significant Hungarian heritage from the Middle Ages is the castle built on a Benedictine monastery commissioned by King St Stephen. The building complex is now used as a museum and a hotel.-External links:*... |
| Siklós | Siklós Siklós Siklós is a town in Baranya county, Hungary. It is located around .-Notable people:* George Mikes , Hungarian-born British author most famous for his humorous commentaries on various countries.... |
| Szentlőrinc | Szentlőrinc Szentlorinc Szentlőrinc is a town in Baranya county, Hungary.... |
| Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város) | |
| Pécs Pécs Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county... |
|
The towns of Branjin Vrh
Branjin Vrh
Branjin Vrh is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Beli Manastir municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County.-See also:*Osijek-Baranja county*Baranja...
and Darda
Darda
Darda can refer to:* Darda, Croatia, a village and a municipality in eastern Croatia*Rajendra Darda, Indian politician*Vijay J. Darda, Indian politician*Darda , a car racing set made in Germany*Darda, a card game closely related to Klabberjass...
are presently in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
.