Calapan City
Encyclopedia
Calapan City is a 3rd class city in the province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

. It is the capital city of Oriental Mindoro and known as the "Gateway to the Golden Isle". According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 116,976 people in 20,929 households.

The city's economy is dependent on agriculture and fishing. However, a growing industry in machinery and tourism has contributed well to the city's annual income making it one of the fastest growing new cities in the last 10 years. Calapan City also serves as the gateway to the Oriental Mindoro province with the implementation of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway, an integrated Roll On-Roll Off project of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo that extends further to the southern part of the Philippines. The Calapan City Seaport is the largest and busiest seaport in the Mindoro island with ships that travels to and from the Batangas City
Batangas City
- Foreign Rule :The first Spanish missionaries arrived in Batangas City since 1572. Finally on 1581 Spanish authorities governing the Philippines created a pueblo in the area which included the hill where the present Provincial Capitol of Batangas stands after the formal end of the Coumintang...

 International Seaport. Calapan City is 45 minutes away from Batangas City
Batangas City
- Foreign Rule :The first Spanish missionaries arrived in Batangas City since 1572. Finally on 1581 Spanish authorities governing the Philippines created a pueblo in the area which included the hill where the present Provincial Capitol of Batangas stands after the formal end of the Coumintang...

 and is accessible by ferry boat and RORO ships.

Calapan City is currently one of the only two cities (the other being Puerto Princesa City
Puerto Princesa City
The City of Puerto Princesa is a city located on the western provincial island of Palawan, one of 80 provinces which make up the Philippines...

) in the MIMAROPA region of the Philippines.

History

Calapan was formerly a small village before the establishment of the first Religious District in Baco
Baco, Oriental Mindoro
Baco is a 4th class municipality in the province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 30,167 people in 5,717 households.-Location:Baco is located on the northern part of Oriental Mindoro...

. The District convent was transferred to Calapan in 1733 and began its jurisdiction over the Northern Mindoro Ecclesiastical Area.

In the early 18th century, the town only occupied a strip of land stretching from Ibaba to Ilaya in a cross-shape facing the present church and cut-off by the river. Later on, succeeding barrios were founded

In 1837, the capital of the province was moved from Puerto Galera to Calapan. When Mindoro became a part of Marinduque
Marinduque
In 1945, combined American and Philippine Commonwealth troops attacked from the Japanese Troops liberated to the Battle of Marinduque in the Second World War.-Archaeology:...

 on June 13, 1902, the provincial capital was once again moved to Puerto Galera. On November 10, 1902, Mindoro was detached from Marinduque. In 1903, Calapan once again became the provincial capital.

When Mindoro was detached from Marinduque on November 10, 1902, Baco, Puerto Galera and San Teodoro were annexed to Calapan in 1905 under Act. 1280, adding a total area of 843 square kilometres (325.5 sq mi). of land. In 1902, under Act 2824, the three (3) municipalities gained their independence.

In 1919, the boundary dispute between Calapan and Naujan was adjudicated by Presidentes Agustin Quijano of Calapan and Agustin Garong of Naujan over a portion of the territory of what is now known as the present boundary. The portion of agricultural area was awarded to Naujan, thus, making the area of Calapan much smaller as compared to that of Naujan which is now considered as the biggest municipality of the province.

At present, Calapan has an area of only 250.06 square kilometres (96.5 sq mi) (according to LMB). It has also jurisdiction over the three Baco Islets on the Calapan Bay and the two Silonay Islets.

The City of Calapan has been transformed as a component city on March 21, 1998. Its conversion was based on Republic Act 8475, enacted by Congress and signed into law by President Fidel Ramos on February 2, 1998. In a plebiscite held on March 21, 1998, majority of Calapeños ratified the conversion of Calapan into a city. It is the first and only city in the province of Oriental Mindoro.

Since its creation as a city, Calapan has witnessed significant strides in commerce and industry, infrastructure and social services. New commercial establishments were opened providing employment and income opportunities for the residents. An expanded program on social services delivery, particularly in health care and education, were undertaken. The city’s physical infrastructure was upgraded which includes the construction of new roads and drainage facilities, as well as a new City Government Center. Tourism was boosted with the opening of inland resorts and new hotels.

Calapan City flooding in 2005

Calapan City was hit by tropical depression Quedan and heavy moonson rains on December 11, 2005 resulting in massive flooding all over the city and nearby municipalities. It was reported that 60 out of the 62 barangays were affected by floods due to the swelling of the Bucayao River, a river located at the southern part of the city that spans seven barangays, and a landslide occurrence in the Bucayao dike.

On December 18, 2005, PAGASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide flood and typhoon warnings, public weather forecasts and advisories, meteorological, astronomical, climatological, and other specialized information and...

 issued the final bulletin of TD Quedan. However, as it moved farther away from the country, eastern and southern Luzon still experienced continuous rains which resulted in renewed breaching of the temporary dike in Calapan City.

According to the website of the International Red Cross Federation and Red Crescent Society, 14,247 families or 85,446 people were affected in Calapan City and four other towns.

National Response

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo visited Calapan City on December 7, 2005 to personally assess the situation and presided over the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council (PDCC) emergency meeting with concerned local government officials in Oriental Mindoro and turned over 200 sacks of rice to PDCC Oriental Mindoro and City Disaster Coordinating Council (CDCC) Calapan City.

On December 8, 2005, Ms. Arroyo presided the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) emergency meeting at the National Disaster Management Center and gave instructions to fast track the restoration of electricity in the affected city and municipalities of Oriental Mindoro and issued a memorandum to all implementing agencies to maintain 24-hour operations in their respective operation centers in view of PAGASA's forecast of long period of rains induced by northeasterly wind.

In compliance with the above instructions, the NDCC wrote a letter of request addressed to the General Manager of the Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative (ORMECO) to fast track the full restoration of electric power supply of the affected areas particularly in Calapan City. In addition, Memorandum
Memorandum
A memorandum is from the Latin verbal phrase memorandum est, the gerundive form of the verb memoro, "to mention, call to mind, recount, relate", which means "It must be remembered ..."...

 Circular No. 08 was issued to NDCC member agencies for the maintenance of round the clock manning of respective agency operations center for quick response in case flooding and other similar disaster situations.

The NDCC Operations Center coordinated with the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Armed Forces of the Philippines
The Armed Forces of the Philippines is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force...

 for the availability of all aircraft
Aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.Although...

 for the conduct of visual inspection, damage assessment, search, rescue and relief operations in the flood-stricken areas in Mindoro and Palawan. With the cooperation of the Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)
Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)
The Department of Transportation and Communications is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the maintenance and expansion of viable, efficient, and dependable transportation and communications systems as effective instruments for national recovery and economic...

 and the Philippine Coast Guard
Philippine Coast Guard
The Philippine Coast Guard is a maritime law enforcement agency operating under the Department of Transportation and Communications of the Philippines....

 (PCG), trips from Calapan City to southern Mindoro were suspended.

On the other hand, the National Food Authority (Philippines)
National Food Authority (Philippines)
The Philippines' National Food Authority , abbreviated as NFA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for ensuring the food security of the Philippines and the stability of supply and price of the staple grain-rice.-History:The National Food...

 (NFA) released 1,000 sacks of rice (300 to PDCC Oriental Mindoro, 200 to Calapan City and 500 to PDCC Palawan) while the Department of Health (Philippines)
Department of Health (Philippines)
The Philippines’ Department of Health is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the regulation of...

 (DOH) provided assorted medicines worth of P1,788,287.00 that were divided to Mindoro and Palawan provinces. The Department of Social Welfare and Development and the Philippine National Red Cross
Philippine National Red Cross
Born officially in 1947, Philippine Red Cross , a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, has roots that trace back to the revolutionary days...

 provided assorted relief goods (food and non-food items) to familied affected by flood.

Senator Manny Villar
Manny Villar
Manuel "Manny" Bamba Villar, Jr. is a Filipino businessman and politician. He is currently a Philippine Senator, president of the Nacionalista Party...

 also donated 1000 boxes of repacked rice and 1000 boxes of used clothing on December 11, 2005.

Local Response

The City Government established a community kitchen at Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School evacuation and provided assorted relief goods to more than 100 affected families.

Calapan City also declared a State of calamity to utilize its 5% local Calamity Fund for emergency relief operations.

Institutions of Higher Learning

The city is host to numerous higher education institutions. The Divine Word College of Calapan
Divine Word College of Calapan
The Divine Word College of Calapan is a Catholic institution of higher learning run by the Society of the Divine Word in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.It was established as Mindoro Junior College on April, 1946 The first year was in normal education, liberal arts, pre-law,...

, a Catholic college run by the Divine Word Missionaries
Divine Word Missionaries
The Society of the Divine Word , popularly called the Divine Word Missionaries, and sometimes the Steyler Missionaries, is a missionary religious congregation in the Latin Church, one of the 23 sui iuris churches which make up the Catholic Church. As of 2006 it consisted of 6,102 members composed...

 is currently the largest institution of higher learning in the city and the province of Oriental Mindoro. Other private institutions of higher learning include the St. Anthony College - Calapan City (Information Technology, Nursing and Tourism), Luna Goco Colleges (Nursing), Southwestern Luzon Maritime Institute Foundation and Filipino Academy of Scientific Trades (Maritime Studies), AMA Computer Learning Center (Information Technology), and CLCC Institute of Computer Arts and Technology (Information Technology).

There are currently two public higher educational institutions in the city. One is the Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology while the other is the City College Of Calapan which was opened last June 2008 through the initiative of City Mayor Salvador Leachon.

Basic Education

Calapan City has seven national high schools (NHS), the largest of which is the Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School
Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School
The Jose J. Leido, Jr. Memorial National High School, or Lemnahis , and formerly Oriental Mindoro High School, is the flagship campus and the largest Public High School in Oriental Mindoro. It was established in 1921 and is located in San Vicente East, Calapan City in Oriental Mindoro...

 (Lemnahis). Other public high schools include the Ceriaco A. Abes Memorial MNHS, Parang NHS, Canubing NHS, Managpi NHS, Pedro V. Panaligan MNHS, the Community Vocational High School, and the Lemnahis Bucayao Annex.

The Catholic Church also runs the Holy Infant Academy
Holy Infant Academy
Holy Infant Academy, or HIA, is the only parochial school in Calapan City and the first of fifteen established in Oriental Mindoro. It was founded in 1937 by the SSpS Sisters and is located in Ilaya, Calapan City in Oriental Mindoro. It offers education in preparatory, elementary grades 1-6, and...

, while DWCC also maintains a Basic Education Department.

Public elementary schools meanwhile are organized into three districts. They are the Calapan West, Calapan South and Calapan East Districts.

Health

The city is served primarily by the Oriental Mindoro Medical Center which is also the largest hospital in the province. There are also numerous private hospitals in the city such as the Medical Mission Group Hospital and Health Services Cooperative which is the only tertiary level hospital in the region, Maria Estrella General Hospital, Sta. Maria Village Hospital, Hospital of the Holy Cross and the Luna-Goco Medical Center.

In addition, the city has well-equipped public health centers providing free health check-ups and basic medicine supplies to all residents. These public centers are being funded and supported by the City Health and Sanitation Department.

Arts and Culture

Calapan City has a diverse culture due to its mixed population. The city is known for its colorful local festivities and glamorous santacruzan celebration. Two of the city's recognized festivals are the Harvest Festival and the Sinkaw Festival.

The Harvest Festival, celebrated on March 21 along with the city's founding day was conceptualized by the city government council in recognition of Calapan City's achievement as one of the major exporter of rice in the Philippines. The city was once an importer of rice but now rice is the most important export of Calapan. According to city statistics, the increase in palay production is attributed to the improvement of the city’s agricultural programs.

The Sinkaw Festival derives its name from “sining kalabaw" or carabao arts, a creative artistic painting competition with no less than the carabaos as “canvasses.” This festival honors the city's native “beasts of the burden” as an eternally indispensable partner in farming and, essentially, a special tribute to the farmers’ industry.

The city and provincial governments also maintain separate libraries and museums. Moreover, the Calapan City Plaza which is located in front of the old city hall in San Vicente East is one of the city's famed attractions because of its unique features that includes a statue of a Mangyan man standing beside a tamaraw. The statue has now become the most famous landmark of the city.

Economy and Agriculture

Since 1998, the city has experienced rapid development. The establishment of a special development area, particularly an eco-zone for light industries located at the Urban Development Area (Lumangbayan and Guinobatan), has been promoted and now serves as growth area which generates employment and spurs economic opportunities. Such industries focus on agro-industrial based activities such as food processing, handicraft making, furniture making and other related activities.

Calapan City plays a major role in the Philippine economy as one of the major food suppliers in the country. The city is also a major exporter of rice supplying to Metro Manila
Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila , the National Capital Region , or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines...

 and major parts of Luzon
Luzon
Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...

 making it both an agriculturally-progressive and urbanized city. The five major crops are rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...

, citrus
Citrus
Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China...

, banana
Banana
Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. Bananas come in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and red....

, rambutan
Rambutan
The rambutan is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae, and the fruit of this tree. It is native to Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and elsewhere in Southeast Asia, although its precise natural distribution is unknown. It is closely related to several...

 and lanzones. The top five industries in Calapan City are trading, tourism, services, marine and aquatic, and food processing.

San Vicente Central

San Vicente Central is one of Calapan City's barangays and serves as the commercial and financial center of the city. Some of the big establishments in San Vicente Central are the Hotel Mayi, the tallest building in Oriental Mindoro; Citimart Island Mall and Cinema; the Calapan City Public Market; GE Mart (Golden Eagle Mart); Jollibee
Jollibee
Jollibee Foods Corporation is the parent company of Jollibee, a fast-food restaurant chain based in the Philippines. Among JFC's popular brands are Jollibee, Chowking, Greenwich, Red Ribbon, Caffe Ti-amo, Mang Inasal and Burger King...

; Chowking
Chowking
Chowking is a Philippine-based chain that pioneered the Asian quick-service restaurant concept in the Philippines. The concept combines a Western fast-food service style with Chinese food. Chowking predominantly sells noodle soups, dim sum, and rice toppings...

; Mang Inasal
Mang Inasal
Mang Inasal is a common fast food chain in the Philippines.-History:Edgar Sia II engaged in business at twenty years of age. He opened the first branch at the Robinson's Mall Carpark-Iloilo....

; Mcdonald's
McDonald's
McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 64 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by the eponymous Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948...

; Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise that offers different styles of pizza along with side dishes including pasta, buffalo wings, breadsticks, and garlic bread....

; Globe Telecom
Globe Telecom
Globe Telecom , commonly known as Globe, is a telecommunications company in the Philippines. Globe provides mobile, fixed line, and broadband Internet services.- History :In 1928, Congress passed Act No...

; Smart Communications
Smart Communications
Smart Communications is a wholly owned mobile phone and Internet service subsidiary of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company .On June 30, 2010 the company reported that it had over 45 million cellular subscribers.-Brands:...

 Wireless
Wireless
Wireless telecommunications is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not physically connected. Distances can be short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications...

 Center; Caballero Marketing; People's Arcade; Good Morning Enterprises and Juanita Mart.

Major Philippine banking institutions have established their local branches here including the Philippine National Bank
Philippine National Bank
The Philippine National Bank is one of the largest banks in the Philippines, ranking fourth in terms of assets...

, Metrobank
Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company
The Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company , commonly known as Metrobank. It has a diverse offering of financial services, from regular banking to insurance. Metrobank is the second largest bank in the Philippines.-History:...

, Chinabank
Chinabank
China Banking Corporation , known publicly as China Bank is Philippines' fourth largest universal bank by market capitalization. Established in 1920, it is the first privately-owned commercial bank in the Philippines. It is likewise the first bank in Southeast Asia to process deposit accounts...

, Bank of Commerce
Bank of Commerce
Bank of Commerce, also known as BankCom, Bancommerce and BoC, is a commercial bank and the 15th largest lender by asset in the Philippines. Its headquarters is at the San Miguel Properties Center, No. 7 Saint Francis Avenue, Mandaluyong...

, Banco De Oro, Landbank of the Philippines, Allied Bank
Allied Bank
Allied Bank, formally known as Allied Banking Corporation, is one of the largest banks in the Philippines, ranking tenth in terms of assets...

, United Coconut Planters Bank
United Coconut Planters Bank
The United Coconut Planters Bank, more popularly known by its initials, UCPB, or by its old name, Cocobank, is one of the largest banks in the Philippines, ranking within the top twenty banks in the Philippines in terms of assets. The bank, owing to its name, caters heavily to coconut farmers, but...

, The Country Bank, and the Bank of the Philippine Islands
Bank of the Philippine Islands
Bank of the Philippine Islands is the oldest bank in the Philippines still in operation and is the country's third largest bank in terms of assets, the country's largest bank in terms of market capitalization, and the country's most profitable bank...

.

San Vicente Central is divided by J.P. Rizal
José Rizal
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda , was a Filipino polymath, patriot and the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. He is regarded as the foremost Filipino patriot and is listed as one of the national heroes of the Philippines by...

 Avenue which is lined by several commercial establishments.

Chinese Calapenos make up the majority of the vendors. On the other hand, a growing number of Muslim merchants from the southern Philippines also constitutes a minority group.

City of Calapan is politically subdivided into 62 barangay
Barangay
A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward...

s.

  • Balingayan
  • Balite
  • Baruyan
  • Batino
  • Bayanan I
  • Bayanan II
  • Biga
  • Bondoc
  • Bucayao
  • Buhuan
  • Bulusan
  • Sta. Rita
  • Calero
  • Camansihan
  • Camilmil
  • Canubing I
  • Canubing II
  • Comunal
  • Guinobatan
  • Gulod
  • Gutad

  • Ibaba East
  • Ibaba West
  • Ilaya
  • Lalud
  • Lazareto
  • Libis
  • Lumangbayan
  • Mahal Na Pangalan
  • Maidlang
  • Malad
  • Malamig
  • Managpi
  • Masipit
  • Nag-Iba I
  • Navotas
  • Pachoca
  • Palhi
  • Panggalaan
  • Parang
  • Patas
  • Personas

  • Puting Tubig
  • San Raphael (formerly Salong)
  • San Antonio
  • San Vicente Central
  • San Vicente East
  • San Vicente North
  • San Vicente South
  • San Vicente West
  • Sta. Cruz
  • Sta. Isabel
  • Sto. Niño (formerly Nacoco)
  • Sapul
  • Silonay
  • Sta. Maria Village
  • Suqui
  • Tawagan
  • Tawiran
  • Tibag
  • Wawa
  • Nag-Iba II

Notable Calapeños

  • Macario G. Adriatico - liberator of Mindoro, first representative of Mindoro to the Philippine Assembly, journalist, orator, writer and director of the National Museum and Library
  • Ricardo G. Paras, Sr. - delegate to Malolos Revolutionary Congress
  • Néstor Vicente Madali González
    N. V. M. González
    Néstor Vicente Madali González was a Filipino writer.-Biography:He was born on 8 September 1915 in Romblon, Philippines. González, however, was raised in Mansalay, a southern town of the Philippine province of Oriental Mindoro. González was a son of a school supervisor and a teacher...

     - Internationally acclaimed writer and educator
  • Charo Santos-Concio
    Charo Santos-Concio
    Maria Rosario Santos known as Charo Santos-Concio or Charo Santos is a Filipina television executive, host, actress, and film producer who hosts the network's longest-running drama anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya. She is the President of ABS-CBN Corporation, and plays a powerful role in TV and film...

     - President, ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation
  • Jason Francisco
    Jason Francisco
    Jason Veron Marasigan Francisco is a Filipino actor and comedian. He was a participant and 3rd placer in Pinoy Big Brother: Double Up. He was in the follow-up show Melason In Love with his girlfriend Melisa Cantiveros....

     - 3rd Place Pinoy Big Brother Double Up, actor, singer
  • Marielle Infantado - National Filipino swimmer; 1st ASEAN Games; 2nd POF Championship; 27th, 29th and 31st SEA Games; Nestle
    Nestlé
    Nestlé S.A. is the world's largest food and nutrition company. Founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, Nestlé originated in a 1905 merger of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company, established in 1867 by brothers George Page and Charles Page, and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé, founded in 1866 by Henri...

     MILO product endorser
  • Patrick dela Rosa - Filipino actor, politician
  • Jireh Ibañez - Basketball
    Basketball
    Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...

     Player, PBA
  • Joey Antonio - Chess Grandmaster
  • Antonio "Nikoy" Lining - International Billard Champion
  • Diana Arevalo - Top 10 Semi-Finalist - Binibining Pilipinas 2009
    Binibining Pilipinas 2009
    Binibining Pilipinas 2009 is the 46th annual Binibining Pilipinas, a beauty pageant in the Philippines. The grand coronation night took place on March 7 at the Araneta Coliseum, and was broadcast by GMA Network and GMA's international channel, GMA Pinoy TV...

    , Miss Or. Mindoro 2008, Top 15 Finalist - Binibining Pilipinas 2011
    Binibining Pilipinas 2011
    Binibining Pilipinas 2011, the 48th edition of Binibining Pilipinas, was held on April 10, 2011 at the Araneta Coliseum, Quezon City, Philippines. Forty ladies competed for three titles: Miss Universe Philippines, Binibining Pilipinas-International, and Binibining Pilipinas-Tourism...

  • Edzen Dinglasan - National Filipino Swimmer; 29th and 30th SEA Games
  • Edson Dinglasan - National Filipino Swimmer, 30th SEA Games; Philippine National Swimmer

External links

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