Campigliaite
Encyclopedia
Campigliaite is a copper
and manganese
sulfate mineral
with a chemical formula of Cu4Mn(SO4)2(OH)6•4H2O. It has a chemical formula and also a crystal structure similar to niedermayrite
, with Cd(II) cation replacing by Mn(II). The formation of campigliaite is related to the oxidation of sulfide mineral
s to form sulfate
solutions with ilvaite
associated with the presence of manganese
. Campigliaite is a rare secondary mineral formed when metallic sulfide skarn deposits are oxidized. While there are several related associations, there is no abundant source for this mineral due to its rare process of formation. Based on its crystallographic data and chemical formula, Campigliaite is placed in the devillite group and considered the manganese
analogue of devillite. Campigliaite belongs to the copper
oxysalt minerals as well followed by the subgroup M=M-T sheets. The infinite sheet structures that campigliaite has are characterized by strongly bonded polyhedral
sheets, which are linked in the third dimension by weaker hydrogen bonds.
, Tuscany
, Italy
. The new mineral was named after its type locality
and was approved by the Commission of New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association
.
camera and single-crystal diffractometer, campigliaite is found to be twinned with the (100) as its twinning
plane. Campigliaite is monoclinic with a point group of 2 and space group of C2. The infinite sheet structures that campigliaite has are characterized by strongly bonded sheets of polyhedra which are linked in the third dimension by the weaker hydrogen bonds.
with a vitreous luster. Crystals of campigliaite and gypsum
are often mixed but small amounts of pure crystals appear to grow on gypsum
. Campigliaite Crystals are flattened on the {100} and elongated on the [010]. These crystals are light or pale blue in color but under light transmission, the crystal color changes to pale greenish blue. The measured density was 3.0 g cm-3 by heavy-liquid method but this is uncertain due to the size of the crystals. The calculated density was 3.063 g cm-3 with a normalized empirical formula of 7 H2O.
minerals to form sulfate
solutions with ilvaite
associated with the presence of manganese
. Campigliaite is closely associated with gypsum
because of the geologic processes that form campigliaite.
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
and manganese
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
sulfate mineral
Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals which include the sulfate ion within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits...
with a chemical formula of Cu4Mn(SO4)2(OH)6•4H2O. It has a chemical formula and also a crystal structure similar to niedermayrite
Niedermayrite
Niedermayrite is a rare hydrated copper cadmium sulfate hydroxide mineral with formula: Cu4Cd26·4H2O. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as encrustations and well formed vitreous blue-green prismatic crystals. It has a specific gravity of 3.36.Niedermayrite was named for Gerhard...
, with Cd(II) cation replacing by Mn(II). The formation of campigliaite is related to the oxidation of sulfide mineral
Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts...
s to form sulfate
Sulfate
In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid.-Chemical properties:...
solutions with ilvaite
Ilvaite
Ilvaite is a sorosilicate of iron and calcium with formula: CaFe2+2Fe3+Si2O7O. Both manganese and magnesium substitute in the structure. Ilvaite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses. It is black to brownish black to gray and opaque. It has a Mohs...
associated with the presence of manganese
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
. Campigliaite is a rare secondary mineral formed when metallic sulfide skarn deposits are oxidized. While there are several related associations, there is no abundant source for this mineral due to its rare process of formation. Based on its crystallographic data and chemical formula, Campigliaite is placed in the devillite group and considered the manganese
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
analogue of devillite. Campigliaite belongs to the copper
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
oxysalt minerals as well followed by the subgroup M=M-T sheets. The infinite sheet structures that campigliaite has are characterized by strongly bonded polyhedral
Polyhedron
In elementary geometry a polyhedron is a geometric solid in three dimensions with flat faces and straight edges...
sheets, which are linked in the third dimension by weaker hydrogen bonds.
History
S. Menchetti and C. Sabelli discovered campigliaite in one of the side tunnels of the Temperino Mine in Campiglia MarittimaCampiglia Marittima
Campiglia Marittima is a comune in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km southwest of Florence and about 60 km southeast of Livorno.- Main sights :...
, Tuscany
Tuscany
Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. The new mineral was named after its type locality
Type locality (geology)
Type locality , also called type area or type locale, is the where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit, fossil or mineral species is first identified....
and was approved by the Commission of New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association
International Mineralogical Association
The International Mineralogical Association is an international group of 38 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 4000 plus known mineral species...
.
Structure
When tested with a WeissenbergWeissenberg
Weissenberg may refer to:*Weißenberg, a town in Saxony, Germany*the scene of the Battle of White Mountain*Karl Weissenberg , German physicist and founding rheologist, after whom the Weissenberg effect was named...
camera and single-crystal diffractometer, campigliaite is found to be twinned with the (100) as its twinning
Crystal twinning
Crystal twinning occurs when two separate crystals share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of two separate crystals in a variety of specific configurations. A twin boundary or composition surface separates the two crystals....
plane. Campigliaite is monoclinic with a point group of 2 and space group of C2. The infinite sheet structures that campigliaite has are characterized by strongly bonded sheets of polyhedra which are linked in the third dimension by the weaker hydrogen bonds.
Physical properties
Campigliaite crystals are transparentTransparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency is the physical property of allowing light to pass through a material; translucency only allows light to pass through diffusely. The opposite property is opacity...
with a vitreous luster. Crystals of campigliaite and gypsum
Gypsum
Gypsum is a very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is found in alabaster, a decorative stone used in Ancient Egypt. It is the second softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale...
are often mixed but small amounts of pure crystals appear to grow on gypsum
Gypsum
Gypsum is a very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is found in alabaster, a decorative stone used in Ancient Egypt. It is the second softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale...
. Campigliaite Crystals are flattened on the {100} and elongated on the [010]. These crystals are light or pale blue in color but under light transmission, the crystal color changes to pale greenish blue. The measured density was 3.0 g cm-3 by heavy-liquid method but this is uncertain due to the size of the crystals. The calculated density was 3.063 g cm-3 with a normalized empirical formula of 7 H2O.
Geologic occurrence
The formation of campigliaite is related to the oxidation of sulfideSulfide
A sulfide is an anion of sulfur in its lowest oxidation state of 2-. Sulfide is also a slightly archaic term for thioethers, a common type of organosulfur compound that are well known for their bad odors.- Properties :...
minerals to form sulfate
Sulfate
In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid.-Chemical properties:...
solutions with ilvaite
Ilvaite
Ilvaite is a sorosilicate of iron and calcium with formula: CaFe2+2Fe3+Si2O7O. Both manganese and magnesium substitute in the structure. Ilvaite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses. It is black to brownish black to gray and opaque. It has a Mohs...
associated with the presence of manganese
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
. Campigliaite is closely associated with gypsum
Gypsum
Gypsum is a very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is found in alabaster, a decorative stone used in Ancient Egypt. It is the second softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale...
because of the geologic processes that form campigliaite.
External links
- http://www.mindat.org/min-876.html
- http://webmineral.com/data/Campigliaite.shtml
- http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/minerals/Campigliaite