Centrospermae
Encyclopedia
Centrospermae is a descriptive botanical name
, published in 1878 by Eichler
, meaning "with the seed in the center", referring to the free-central placentation. It was used in the Engler system
and the Wettstein system
) for an order
of flowering plants.
In its circumscription
, Centrospermae corresponds fairly closely to the order Caryophyllales
in the system of Cronquist
. In the APG III system
, and in later versions of the Kubitzki system
, Caryophyllales is defined to include much more than Centrospermae.
Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Centrospermae is monophyletic. It is equivalent to a clade
known as the core Caryophyllales, whenever the latter is defined to exclude the families Rhabdodendraceae
, Simmondsiaceae
, Physenaceae
and Asteropeiaceae
.
Descriptive botanical names
Descriptive botanical names are names that are governed by Article 16 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature , which rules that a name above the rank of family may be either descriptive or formed from the name of an included family...
, published in 1878 by Eichler
August W. Eichler
August Wilhelm Eichler, also known under his Latinized name, Augustus Guilielmus Eichler , was a German botanist who modified the classification system to better reflect the relationships between plants...
, meaning "with the seed in the center", referring to the free-central placentation. It was used in the Engler system
Engler system
One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler.According to Engler, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien the main groups of plants are:* I. divisio Schizophyta* II. divisio Phytosarcodina...
and the Wettstein system
Wettstein system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to* I. phylum Schizophyta*::: 1. classis Schizophyceae*::: 2. classis Schizomycetes* II. phylum Monadophyta* III. phylum Myxophyta...
) for an order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
of flowering plants.
In its circumscription
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, circumscription is the definition of the limits of a taxonomic group of organisms. One goal of taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxonomic group. Achieving stability can be simple or difficult....
, Centrospermae corresponds fairly closely to the order Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.-Description:...
in the system of Cronquist
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...
. In the APG III system
APG III system
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy...
, and in later versions of the Kubitzki system
Kubitzki system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Kubitzki system is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants....
, Caryophyllales is defined to include much more than Centrospermae.
Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Centrospermae is monophyletic. It is equivalent to a clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
known as the core Caryophyllales, whenever the latter is defined to exclude the families Rhabdodendraceae
Rhabdodendraceae
Rhabdodendron is a genus comprising 2–3 species of tropical South American trees.Rhabdodendron is placed in its own family, Rhabdodendraceae, which has only been recognized for the past few decades. The 2003 APG II system assigned it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
, Simmondsiaceae
Simmondsiaceae
Simmondsiaceae or the Jojoba Family is a family of flowering plants. The family is not recognized by all taxonomic systems, the single species, Simmondsia chinensis, often being treated as belonging to family Buxaceae....
, Physenaceae
Physenaceae
Physenaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. This family has been only recently recognized by taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
and Asteropeiaceae
Asteropeiaceae
Asteropeiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by very few taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 does recognize such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
.