Challenge 1930
Encyclopedia
The International Touring Competition in 1930 was the second FAI
international touring aircraft contest, that took place between July 18 and August 8, 1930 in Berlin
, Germany
. Four Challenges, from 1929 to 1934, were major aviation events in pre-war Europe.
. The regulation based upon the FAI rules, but details were worked out by the German Aero Club. The international Sports Committee was headed by the German Gerd von Hoeppner. 98 crews applied, but eventually 60 aircraft entered the Challenge in 1930, from six countries: Germany
(30 crews), Poland
(12 crews), United Kingdom
(7 crews), France
(6 crews), Spain
(3 crews) and the Swiss (2 crews). In the British team there was one Canadian, and in the French team - one Belgian. It was the first major international event in which the Polish aviation took part, with second most numerous team in addition, equipped with own design aircraft. This time, Italy
nor Czechoslovakia
did not participate.
In the German team there was first of all Fritz Morzik - a winner of the Challenge 1929
. Among the British team, there were pilots: Captain Hubert Broad
(2nd place in 1929), the Canadian John Carberry (3rd place in 1929) and two women: Winifred Spooner
and Lady Mary Bailey
. In the Spanish team, there was prince Antonio de Habsburgo-Borbón. Many other known aviators of that time took part in the contest as well.
The contest was open on July 18, 1930, at Berlin-Staaken
airfield. It consisted of two parts: a circuit over Europe
and technical trials. Since one of the aims of the Challenge was to generate a progress in aircraft designing, it was not only pilots' competition, but technical trials also included a construction evaluation, to build more advanced and reliable touring planes. All planes flew with two-men crews, pilot and passenger or mechanic (apart from the Swiss Charles Kolp, who took two passengers, including one woman, into his Klemm VL.25).
s (and 1 mid-wing). Only five were of all-metal construction, most were all-wooden. On contrary to a previous contest, there appeared also some special aircraft, better suited to meet the Challenge demands. First of all, they were German BFW M.23c and Klemm L 25E, being new variants of successful machines of 1929 - wooden low-wing monoplanes with closed canopy, belonging to lighter category, yet fitted with powerful Argus engines, having better chance in technical trials. All aircraft in the contest had fixed conventional landing gear
and had no wing mechanization (slats
or flaps
) yet.
Aircraft participating were BFW M.23c (10), BFW M.23b (1), Klemm L.25 (4), Klemm L.25E (3), Klemm L 26 (2), Klemm VL 25 (1), Junkers A50
(3), Arado L II
(4), Albatros L 100
(1), Albatros L 101 (1), Darmstadt D-18
(1), de Havilland DH.60G Gipsy Moth
(6), Avro Avian
(1), Spartan Arrow
(1), Monocoupe 110 Special
(1). RWD-2
(3), RWD-4
(3), PZL.5
(2), PWS-50
(1), PWS-51
(1), PWS-52
(1), PWS-8
(1), Caudron C.193 (3), Caudron C.232 (1), Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI
(1), Saint Hubert G1 (1), Breda Ba.15
S (1), CASA C-1 (1).
20 aircraft were assigned to the Class II with net weight up to 322 kg (300 kg plus 15%), the remaining 40 to the Class I with net weight up to 460 kg (400 kg plus 15%). Class II aircraft were 11 German BFW M.23s and 5 Klemm L.25s and L.25E's (apart from two L.25 IVa), 3 Polish RWD-2
s and one French PM XI. The classes had influence on awarding points for cruise speed and fuel consumption only.
The aircraft had alphanumerical starting numbers, the German from a range: A2-A9, B3-B9, C1-C9, D1-D8, E1-E9, F1-F2, British: K1-K8, French: L1-L3, M1-M6, Polish: O1-O9, P1-P5, Swiss: S1-S2, Spanish: T1-T7 (numbers were painted in a circle, with inscription: Challenge International and 1930).
- Braunschweig
- Frankfurt
- Reims
- Saint-Inglevert
- Bristol
- London
- Saint-Inglevert - Paris
- Poitiers
- Pau - Zaragoza
- Madrid
- Seville
- Zaragoza - Barcelona
- Nimes
- Lyon
- Lausanne
- Bern - Munich
- Vienna
- Prague
- Breslau (Wrocław) - Poznań
- Warsaw
- Königsberg
(Kaliningrad) - Danzig
(Gdańsk) - Berlin. Distances ranged from 77.5 km (Lausanne - Bern) to 410 km (Danzig - Berlin). In spite of attempts of many pilots at being the first man home, it was not a race, but rather a reliability test. A regularity of flights was the most important factor, the second was a cruise speed (minimal cruise speed had to be 80 km/h for Class I aircraft or 60 km/h for lighter Class II aircraft. Cruise speeds above 175/155 km/h respectively did not give extra points). The average speed was judged on flying time, so a competitor had to have his log book signed as soon after landing as possible. A competitor was given 75 points for regularity, which were mulcted for spending nights off the control airfield or not covering any stage in a day. One night outside the control or arrival after the official closing time (8 p.m.) costed 15 points, two nights - 45 points, and three failures to reach the control caused a disqualification. Also, for failing to fly any stage in a day, a competitor would loose 10 points, and for the second time - another 20 points. The original time limit for the return to Berlin was 4 p.m. on July 31, but it got extended later for some crews, due to bad weather in Pau. Apart from 75 points for regularity, up to 195 points could be gained for a high cruise speed. Comparing with 1929 competition, the rally could bring only 54% of maximum number of points (in 1929 - 72%), what meant more stress on technical trials.
The crews took off between 9 and 9.59 AM on Sunday, July 20, from Berlin-Tempelhof. Despite a poor weather, on the first day, fifteen crews reached Saint-Inglevert
near Calais
, 1058 km away (among them, 6 British crews, 4 French, 3 Polish and only 2 German). One Spanish and one Polish crew damaged aircraft (CASA C-1 and PWS-52
) and had to withdraw, the other Pole from the fastest group Tadeusz Karpiński got ill from appendicitis
. On July 21 the weather enabled flying only about mid-day, but then most crews flew over the English Channel
, and the fastest 23 planes managed to return back to France. Three British and three French crews reached Paris that day, flying 843,5 km. One French crew destroyed the plane during forced landing (PM XI
), several other planes got damaged on that or previous day, but could be repaired.
On July 22 – the third day of the rally, the fastest pilots reached Madrid
, 3019 km from the start. They were five British crews: Hubert Broad, Alan Butler (both DH-60G
), Sidney Thorn (Avro Avian
), John Carberry (Monocoupe
) and H. Andrews (receiving penalty points for landing after closure), three Germans (Fritz Morzik, Willy Polte - both BFW M.23c, Reinhold Poss
- Klemm L.25E) and two Frenchmen (François Arrachart, Maurice Finat - both C.193s). Four more aircraft, including Prince de Habsburgo-Borbon and Georg Pasewaldt, managed to fly to Zaragoza
over the Pyrenees
, but the French crews of Cornez (C.193) and MacMahon (C.232) crashed their aircraft, while trying to fly farther. The rest was spread out on the whole track, the slowest pilots being only 800–1000 km away from Berlin. Five crews dropped out on that day - apart from the mentioned ones, also one German and Spanish crew damaged their aircraft during flight to Pau. Another German pilot von Oertzen withdrew, when his passenger von Redern got killed by a propeller of their Albatros L.100 in London.
Twelve fastest crews were the lucky ones to get to Spain, because on July 23 and 24, the whole rest of crews were grounded in Pau due to bad weather over the Pyrenees
. Lady Bailey was the last to try to fly to Zaragoza, but she was forced to return to Pau. Due to flight prohibition, there were no penalties for not flying farther, and the return time limit was extended by 24 or 48 hours, depending on time when the crew arrived at Pau. Five crews reached Barcelona
on the 23rd, and Lausanne
on the next day. On July 25, the weather improved and the rest of crews was allowed to fly to Zaragoza. Meanwhile, 4 fastest pilots: Hubert Broad, Sidney Thorn, Alan Butler and Reinhold Poss, reached Breslau, and Fritz Morzik - Prague
. Four crews dropped out that day, among them the best Polish pilot Franciszek Żwirko, flying RWD-4
(due to engine fault), also two German and the only Belgian crew of Jacques Maus (St. Hubert G.1).
On July 26, four crews reached Warsaw
(Poss, Broad, Thorn and Prince de Habsburgo-Borbon). The fastest of crews, that had been halted by the weather, reached Bern (the Pole Jerzy Bajan
and two Germans Aichele and Dinort
), being 700 km behind last crews of the first group, resting in Viena. On that day two German crewmen Erich Offermann and E. Jerzembski (BFW M.23c) were killed in a crash landing in Lyon, hitting an aerial mast, while the other German crew fell into the Gulf of Lyon, but were salvaged by a passing ship (Rudolf Neininger, Darmstadt D-18
).
On July 27 the first pilots finished in Berlin. The first came Hubert Broad
, then Sidney Thorn followed closely by Reinhold Poss
. In an hour, there flew also Fritz Morzik, Maurice Finat, prince Antonio de Habsburgo-Borbon, Georg Pasewaldt, H. Andrews and A.S. Butler. The fastest on the whole track was Alan Butler (DH-60G - average speed 179 km/h), but due to a propeller exchange in Poznań
, he was disqualified and finished the rally off the contest. The fastest of qualified crews and the only to gain full points, was Hubert Broad (176 km/h). On that day, 35 crews were still on the track. On July 28 seven crews reached Berlin (Willy Polte, Oskar Dinort
, Winifred Spooner
, Mary Bailey
, John Carberry, François Arrachart, Stanisław Płonczyński), on July 29 - 9 more (among others, Theo Osterkamp
, Jerzy Bajan
, Johann Risztics
, Robert Lusser
, Oskar Notz), and the rest - on next days. The last crews finished the rally on August 1. Some crews dropped out or were disqualified in these last days as well.
The circuit over Europe appeared to be quite difficult for aircraft and pilots. Only 36 crews out of 60 finished in time. Further 6 crews finished the rally in spite of being disqualified due to time infringement or propeller repairs, in case of not carrying a spare propeller. Among those, who dropped out, were 9 German crews (3 of them completed the circuit), 8 Polish (3 completed the circuit), 4 French, 2 Spanish and 1 British (completed the circuit). After the rally, a leader in the general classification was Hubert Broad (DH-60G, 270 points), behind him: John Carberry (Monocoupe, 268 pts), Reinhold Poss
(Klemm L.25E, 264 pts), fourth was Fritz Morzik (BFW M.23c, 263 pts). The fastest German pilot was Dietrich von Massenbach (151 km/h), but he lost 10 points for regularity.
Top results of the rally:.
Note, that lighter aircraft, like Klemm L.25, BFW M.23, RWD-2
(below 322 kg empty weight), were in the Category II, with lower cruise speed demands.
John Carberry's Monocoupe, the Polish RWD's and the Avro Avian lost a number of points, not having folding or dismounting wings at all.
The next was quick engine starting test, in which equipping with a starter was extra awarded. The best Klemm L.25Ia of Theo Osterkamp, with Salmson AD.9
engine, earned 11 points. The British aircraft were handicapped by lack of starters, and the best crews - Miss Spooner and Lady Bailey, got 6 points, while H. Broad got 4 points. On the other hand, F. Morzik and R. Poss got only 7 points. On August 3 there was a fuel consumption trial on a 304 km distance. The best in fuel consumption were light RWD-2
s, then German Klemms and BFWs, but 17 aircraft scored maximum of 30 pts and point differences between most of other aircraft were not big. The German Walter Spengler (Klemm L.25) was disqualified for not carrying his spare propeller aboard during this trial. Hubert Broad was still the leader, but F. Morzik was only one point behind.
On August 4 there took place a technical evaluation of competing planes' construction. Since it was a touring plane contest, such features, like comfortable cabs, side-by-side seats, rich set of controls, twin controls, safety devices (anti-fire devices and places for parachutes and water safety equipment) were also awarded. In a technical evaluation, a maximum of 104 points could be won, of a total of 230 points for technical part. Most important feature was a comfortable cab (up to 42 points). Most points was given to the American Monocoupe
of John Carberry (74 pts), then to three German Junkers A50
s (67-69 pts), then Breda Ba.15
S and Arado L II
a (65 pts). 62 points were given to Klemm L.25E of Reinhold Poss, the same to Polish RWD-4
of Jerzy Bajan
. DH-60G's of Hubert Broad and Winifred Spooner were awarded only with 56 pts, while the BFW M.23c of Fritz Morzik with 54 pts. The worst was evaluation of Hans Böhning's BFW M.23b, with 39 pts (a winning type of the previous Challenge), the second worst was Sidney Thorn's Avro Avian
- 43 pts.
Additionally, in a meantime, the sports commission evaluated possibilities of dismantling the aircraft for transport (the points were added to results of wings' folding and unfolding). The German crews, flying BFW M.23c, along with F. Morzik, received additional 6 points, and Klemms L.25E, along with Poss and Notz - 3 points. No points were given to the British, Polish or French aircraft.
After these trials, leaders in a classification became the Germans: Reinhold Poss (382 pts), Oskar Notz (380 pts), Fritz Morzik (378 pts), then John Carberry (377 pts), Hubert Broad (375 pts) and Winifred Spooner
(370 pts). Last trials however brought some changes to this classification.
From evening August 5 until August 7 there were carried short take-off and landing trials. Short take-off trial demanded flying over an 8.5m-high gate, which consisted of two masts with a stretched tape. Each crew had two training attempts and two trials. The German pilot Ernst Krüger was the best, starting from the lowest distance of 125.5 m, then Fritz Morzik (126.4 m) - both flying the BFW M.23c, and awarded with 30 pts. Next places were occupied also by the Germans, the sixth was Winifred Spooner flying DH-60 (142 m - 25 pts). Hubert Broad was given only 12 points (198.4 m), and John Carberry - 21 points (153.7 m).
The last was a short landing trial, from above an 8.5m-high gate. The best result, 127.3 m (30 pts), was made by the German Theo Osterkamp, flying older model of Klemm L.25 Ia, then Friedrich Siebel (Klemm L.26, 25 pts). The third was Winifred Spooner (21 pts); Fritz Morzik and Reinhold Poss had the 5th and 6th result respectively. Again Hubert Broad's result was only 8 points, and John Carberry's - 7 points. In both last trials, the Polish and French aircraft performed poorly as well.
To sum up technical trials part: Hubert Broad
's advantage over other competitors was decreasing in following trials, then he lost several places after the aircraft evaluation and wings' folding tests. After poor take-off and landing results, he occupied the 8th position eventually. Due to lack of folding wings and engine starter, John Carberry fell from the 2nd to 11th position, only to regain this position thanks to best aircraft evaluation. However, mediocre take-off and landing results gave him the 6th place overall. Technical part saw a duel between Reinhold Poss
and Fritz Morzik, occupying the 3rd and 4th places respectively after the circuit part. Poss took a lead, while Morzik fell to the 5th position after the aircraft evaluation, but Morzik's superb take-off and landing made him a winner, while Poss took the 2nd place. Oskar Notz and Winifred Spooner
both performed very well, improving their positions by three places (from the 7th and 8th place respectively), while Willy Polte improved it only by one step (from the 6th position). Winifred Spooner performed good take-off and landing as the only British competitor and the only flying DH.60. Other competitors, who managed to improve their positions much in this part, in spite of flying older aircraft, were Theo Osterkamp
(from the 16th to 11th place), Robert Lusser
(from the 18th to 14th place) and Friedrich Siebel (from 25th to 18th place). Among the competitors, who lost most position, were Edward Więckowski (from 15th to 21st place), S. Thorn and A. Gothe.
, who managed to improve her position since the rally part, thanks to skills in technical trials, which were not favourable for the British aircraft.
Only 35 crews of 60 completed the contest, among them 20 German, 6 British, 4 Polish, 2 Swiss, 2 French, 1 Spanish:
The 1st place was awarded with 100,000 French franc
s, the 2nd place with 50,000 FRF, the 3rd place with 25,000 FRF, the 4th place with 15,000 FRF, from 5th to 20th place - with 10,000 FRF.
Due to the German victory, the next Challenge 1932
was organized in Germany as well. The next Challenge, due to regulations' changes, turned out to be more difficult contest. For 1932 contest, most countries developed advanced sport aircraft, with high technical performance.
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale is the world governing body for air sports and aeronautics and astronautics world records. Its head office is in Lausanne, Switzerland. This includes man-carrying aerospace vehicles from balloons to spacecraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles...
international touring aircraft contest, that took place between July 18 and August 8, 1930 in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. Four Challenges, from 1929 to 1934, were major aviation events in pre-war Europe.
Overview
Germany organized the contest, because the German pilot Fritz Morzik won the previous contest in 19291929 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1929:- Events :* Greatest number of fatal civil aircraft crashes in US history.* Cubana de Aviación begins service.* Pan American World Airways begins service.* The Canadian Siskins aerobatic team is formed....
. The regulation based upon the FAI rules, but details were worked out by the German Aero Club. The international Sports Committee was headed by the German Gerd von Hoeppner. 98 crews applied, but eventually 60 aircraft entered the Challenge in 1930, from six countries: Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
(30 crews), Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
(12 crews), United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
(7 crews), France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
(6 crews), Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
(3 crews) and the Swiss (2 crews). In the British team there was one Canadian, and in the French team - one Belgian. It was the first major international event in which the Polish aviation took part, with second most numerous team in addition, equipped with own design aircraft. This time, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
nor Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
did not participate.
In the German team there was first of all Fritz Morzik - a winner of the Challenge 1929
Challenge 1929
The Challenge 1929 was the first FAI International Tourist Plane Contest , that took place between August 4 and August 16, 1929 in Paris, France. Four Challenges, from 1929 to 1934, were major aviation events in pre-war Europe.-Overview:...
. Among the British team, there were pilots: Captain Hubert Broad
Hubert Broad
Captain Hubert Standford Broad MBE AFC was an English First World War aviator and notable sports and test pilot.-Early life:Broad was born in Watford on 18 May 1897 the son of Thomas and Amelia Broad. In 1901 when Broad was three the family were living at Aston Lodge, St Johns Road in Watford his...
(2nd place in 1929), the Canadian John Carberry (3rd place in 1929) and two women: Winifred Spooner
Winifred Spooner
Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia....
and Lady Mary Bailey
Mary Bailey (DBE)
The Hon. Dame Mary Bailey, née Westenra DBE was a British aviatrix.The daughter of Derrick Warner William Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore, of Rossmore Castle, County Monaghan and his wife, Mittie , Mary Westenra Bailey was known as one of the finest aviatrices of her time, who "personally guided a...
. In the Spanish team, there was prince Antonio de Habsburgo-Borbón. Many other known aviators of that time took part in the contest as well.
The contest was open on July 18, 1930, at Berlin-Staaken
Staaken
Staaken is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the borough of Spandau. In the west it shares border with the Brandenburg municipalities of Falkensee and Dallgow-Döberitz in the Havelland district. Buildings range from small detached houses in the west to larger 1960s and 1970s housing...
airfield. It consisted of two parts: a circuit over Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and technical trials. Since one of the aims of the Challenge was to generate a progress in aircraft designing, it was not only pilots' competition, but technical trials also included a construction evaluation, to build more advanced and reliable touring planes. All planes flew with two-men crews, pilot and passenger or mechanic (apart from the Swiss Charles Kolp, who took two passengers, including one woman, into his Klemm VL.25).
Aircraft
Most of the aircraft in the contest were popular sport planes of the late 1920s, that took part in the previous contest as well, like de Havilland Gipsy Moth DH-60G, which was the main aircraft of the British and Spanish teams. These aircraft had mostly open cabs, and were built in mostly in low-wing (29) or high-wing (17) layout, only 13 were biplaneBiplane
A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two superimposed main wings. The Wright brothers' Wright Flyer used a biplane design, as did most aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage, it produces more drag than a similar monoplane wing...
s (and 1 mid-wing). Only five were of all-metal construction, most were all-wooden. On contrary to a previous contest, there appeared also some special aircraft, better suited to meet the Challenge demands. First of all, they were German BFW M.23c and Klemm L 25E, being new variants of successful machines of 1929 - wooden low-wing monoplanes with closed canopy, belonging to lighter category, yet fitted with powerful Argus engines, having better chance in technical trials. All aircraft in the contest had fixed conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear
thumb|The [[Piper PA-18|Piper Super Cub]] is a popular taildragger aircraft.thumb|right|A [[Cessna 150]] converted to taildragger configuration by installation of an after-market modification kit....
and had no wing mechanization (slats
Leading edge slats
Slats are aerodynamic surfaces on the leading edge of the wings of fixed-wing aircraft which, when deployed, allow the wing to operate at a higher angle of attack. A higher coefficient of lift is produced as a result of angle of attack and speed, so by deploying slats an aircraft can fly at slower...
or flaps
Flap (aircraft)
Flaps are normally hinged surfaces mounted on the trailing edges of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft to reduce the speed an aircraft can be safely flown at and to increase the angle of descent for landing without increasing air speed. They shorten takeoff and landing distances as well as...
) yet.
Aircraft participating were BFW M.23c (10), BFW M.23b (1), Klemm L.25 (4), Klemm L.25E (3), Klemm L 26 (2), Klemm VL 25 (1), Junkers A50
Junkers A50
|-See also:-External links:*...
(3), Arado L II
Arado L II
|-References:* World Aircraft Information Files. Brightstar Publishing, London. File 889 Sheet 73*...
(4), Albatros L 100
Albatros L 100
|-See also:-References:*...
(1), Albatros L 101 (1), Darmstadt D-18
Darmstadt D-18
-References:*Marian Krzyżan: "Międzynarodowe turnieje lotnicze 1929-1934", Warsaw 1988, ISBN 83-206-0637-3 -External links:**...
(1), de Havilland DH.60G Gipsy Moth
De Havilland DH.60 Moth
The de Havilland DH 60 Moth was a 1920s British two-seat touring and training aircraft that was developed into a series of aircraft by the de Havilland Aircraft Company.-Development:The DH 60 was developed from the larger DH 51 biplane...
(6), Avro Avian
Avro Avian
The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and '30s. While the various versions of the Avian were sound aircraft, they were comprehensively outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its descendants....
(1), Spartan Arrow
Spartan Arrow
-External links:** in Flight, November 7, 1930....
(1), Monocoupe 110 Special
Monocoupe 110 Special
The Monocoupe 110 Special was a United States sporting and racing aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s.The Monocoupe 110 Special was a United States sporting and racing aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s....
(1). RWD-2
RWD-2
-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*...
(3), RWD-4
RWD-4
|-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -External links:*...
(3), PZL.5
PZL.5
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft 1893-1939. London: Putnam, 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977 .-External links:**...
(2), PWS-50
PWS-50
-References: Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p.186-187-External links:*...
(1), PWS-51
PWS-51
|-References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -External links:*...
(1), PWS-52
PWS-52
|-References: Andrzej Glass, Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 [Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939], WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 , pp.188-190.-External links:*...
(1), PWS-8
PWS-8
|-See also:-References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -External links:*...
(1), Caudron C.193 (3), Caudron C.232 (1), Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI
Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI
The Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI was a French high-wing touring aircraft of the early 1930s.-Development:The PM XI was designed by Peyret-Mauboussin as a Salmson-engined two-seat touring and sporting aircraft of wooden construction. Two examples were built....
(1), Saint Hubert G1 (1), Breda Ba.15
Breda Ba.15
|-See also:-References:* * "La Contribución Italiana en la Aviación Paraguaya". Antonio Luis Sapienza Fracchia. Author's edition. Asunción, 2007. 300pp....
S (1), CASA C-1 (1).
20 aircraft were assigned to the Class II with net weight up to 322 kg (300 kg plus 15%), the remaining 40 to the Class I with net weight up to 460 kg (400 kg plus 15%). Class II aircraft were 11 German BFW M.23s and 5 Klemm L.25s and L.25E's (apart from two L.25 IVa), 3 Polish RWD-2
RWD-2
-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*...
s and one French PM XI. The classes had influence on awarding points for cruise speed and fuel consumption only.
The aircraft had alphanumerical starting numbers, the German from a range: A2-A9, B3-B9, C1-C9, D1-D8, E1-E9, F1-F2, British: K1-K8, French: L1-L3, M1-M6, Polish: O1-O9, P1-P5, Swiss: S1-S2, Spanish: T1-T7 (numbers were painted in a circle, with inscription: Challenge International and 1930).
Circuit over Europe
The contest in 1930 was the only Challenge, in which a rally was the opening phase. It was a 7560 km circuit over Europe, with compulsory stops at: BerlinBerlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
- Braunschweig
Braunschweig
Braunschweig , is a city of 247,400 people, located in the federal-state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser....
- Frankfurt
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
- Reims
Reims
Reims , a city in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris. Founded by the Gauls, it became a major city during the period of the Roman Empire....
- Saint-Inglevert
Saint-Inglevert
Saint-Inglevert is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:Saint-inglevert is situated some north of Boulogne, at the junction of the D244 road with the A16 autoroute.-Population:...
- Bristol
Bristol
Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007...
- London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
- Saint-Inglevert - Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
- Poitiers
Poitiers
Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and of the Poitou-Charentes region. The centre is picturesque and its streets are interesting for predominant remains of historical architecture, especially from the Romanesque...
- Pau - Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
- Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
- Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
- Zaragoza - Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
- Nimes
Nîmes
Nîmes is the capital of the Gard department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France. Nîmes has a rich history, dating back to the Roman Empire, and is a popular tourist destination.-History:...
- Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
- Lausanne
Lausanne
Lausanne is a city in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and is the capital of the canton of Vaud. The seat of the district of Lausanne, the city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva . It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura mountains to its north-west...
- Bern - Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
- Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
- Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
- Breslau (Wrocław) - Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
- Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
- Königsberg
Königsberg
Königsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it...
(Kaliningrad) - Danzig
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
(Gdańsk) - Berlin. Distances ranged from 77.5 km (Lausanne - Bern) to 410 km (Danzig - Berlin). In spite of attempts of many pilots at being the first man home, it was not a race, but rather a reliability test. A regularity of flights was the most important factor, the second was a cruise speed (minimal cruise speed had to be 80 km/h for Class I aircraft or 60 km/h for lighter Class II aircraft. Cruise speeds above 175/155 km/h respectively did not give extra points). The average speed was judged on flying time, so a competitor had to have his log book signed as soon after landing as possible. A competitor was given 75 points for regularity, which were mulcted for spending nights off the control airfield or not covering any stage in a day. One night outside the control or arrival after the official closing time (8 p.m.) costed 15 points, two nights - 45 points, and three failures to reach the control caused a disqualification. Also, for failing to fly any stage in a day, a competitor would loose 10 points, and for the second time - another 20 points. The original time limit for the return to Berlin was 4 p.m. on July 31, but it got extended later for some crews, due to bad weather in Pau. Apart from 75 points for regularity, up to 195 points could be gained for a high cruise speed. Comparing with 1929 competition, the rally could bring only 54% of maximum number of points (in 1929 - 72%), what meant more stress on technical trials.
The crews took off between 9 and 9.59 AM on Sunday, July 20, from Berlin-Tempelhof. Despite a poor weather, on the first day, fifteen crews reached Saint-Inglevert
Saint-Inglevert
Saint-Inglevert is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:Saint-inglevert is situated some north of Boulogne, at the junction of the D244 road with the A16 autoroute.-Population:...
near Calais
Calais
Calais is a town in Northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
, 1058 km away (among them, 6 British crews, 4 French, 3 Polish and only 2 German). One Spanish and one Polish crew damaged aircraft (CASA C-1 and PWS-52
PWS-52
|-References: Andrzej Glass, Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 [Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939], WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 , pp.188-190.-External links:*...
) and had to withdraw, the other Pole from the fastest group Tadeusz Karpiński got ill from appendicitis
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix. It is classified as a medical emergency and many cases require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading to...
. On July 21 the weather enabled flying only about mid-day, but then most crews flew over the English Channel
English Channel
The English Channel , often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest to in the Strait of Dover...
, and the fastest 23 planes managed to return back to France. Three British and three French crews reached Paris that day, flying 843,5 km. One French crew destroyed the plane during forced landing (PM XI
Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI
The Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI was a French high-wing touring aircraft of the early 1930s.-Development:The PM XI was designed by Peyret-Mauboussin as a Salmson-engined two-seat touring and sporting aircraft of wooden construction. Two examples were built....
), several other planes got damaged on that or previous day, but could be repaired.
On July 22 – the third day of the rally, the fastest pilots reached Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 3019 km from the start. They were five British crews: Hubert Broad, Alan Butler (both DH-60G
De Havilland DH.60 Moth
The de Havilland DH 60 Moth was a 1920s British two-seat touring and training aircraft that was developed into a series of aircraft by the de Havilland Aircraft Company.-Development:The DH 60 was developed from the larger DH 51 biplane...
), Sidney Thorn (Avro Avian
Avro Avian
The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and '30s. While the various versions of the Avian were sound aircraft, they were comprehensively outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its descendants....
), John Carberry (Monocoupe
Monocoupe 90
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bell, Dana ed. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Directory of Airplanes their Designers and Manufacturers. Stackpole Books Mechanicsburg, PA, 2002. ISBN 1853674907....
) and H. Andrews (receiving penalty points for landing after closure), three Germans (Fritz Morzik, Willy Polte - both BFW M.23c, Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was...
- Klemm L.25E) and two Frenchmen (François Arrachart, Maurice Finat - both C.193s). Four more aircraft, including Prince de Habsburgo-Borbon and Georg Pasewaldt, managed to fly to Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
over the Pyrenees
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
, but the French crews of Cornez (C.193) and MacMahon (C.232) crashed their aircraft, while trying to fly farther. The rest was spread out on the whole track, the slowest pilots being only 800–1000 km away from Berlin. Five crews dropped out on that day - apart from the mentioned ones, also one German and Spanish crew damaged their aircraft during flight to Pau. Another German pilot von Oertzen withdrew, when his passenger von Redern got killed by a propeller of their Albatros L.100 in London.
Twelve fastest crews were the lucky ones to get to Spain, because on July 23 and 24, the whole rest of crews were grounded in Pau due to bad weather over the Pyrenees
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
. Lady Bailey was the last to try to fly to Zaragoza, but she was forced to return to Pau. Due to flight prohibition, there were no penalties for not flying farther, and the return time limit was extended by 24 or 48 hours, depending on time when the crew arrived at Pau. Five crews reached Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
on the 23rd, and Lausanne
Lausanne
Lausanne is a city in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and is the capital of the canton of Vaud. The seat of the district of Lausanne, the city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva . It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura mountains to its north-west...
on the next day. On July 25, the weather improved and the rest of crews was allowed to fly to Zaragoza. Meanwhile, 4 fastest pilots: Hubert Broad, Sidney Thorn, Alan Butler and Reinhold Poss, reached Breslau, and Fritz Morzik - Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. Four crews dropped out that day, among them the best Polish pilot Franciszek Żwirko, flying RWD-4
RWD-4
|-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -External links:*...
(due to engine fault), also two German and the only Belgian crew of Jacques Maus (St. Hubert G.1).
On July 26, four crews reached Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
(Poss, Broad, Thorn and Prince de Habsburgo-Borbon). The fastest of crews, that had been halted by the weather, reached Bern (the Pole Jerzy Bajan
Jerzy Bajan
Jerzy Bajan was a prominent Polish sports and military aviator, winner of the Challenge 1934 contest.-Early military career:...
and two Germans Aichele and Dinort
Oskar Dinort
Oskar Dinort was a German World War II Luftwaffe Stuka pilot and first Stuka pilot to be awarded the coveted Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves...
), being 700 km behind last crews of the first group, resting in Viena. On that day two German crewmen Erich Offermann and E. Jerzembski (BFW M.23c) were killed in a crash landing in Lyon, hitting an aerial mast, while the other German crew fell into the Gulf of Lyon, but were salvaged by a passing ship (Rudolf Neininger, Darmstadt D-18
Darmstadt D-18
-References:*Marian Krzyżan: "Międzynarodowe turnieje lotnicze 1929-1934", Warsaw 1988, ISBN 83-206-0637-3 -External links:**...
).
Hubert Broad
Captain Hubert Standford Broad MBE AFC was an English First World War aviator and notable sports and test pilot.-Early life:Broad was born in Watford on 18 May 1897 the son of Thomas and Amelia Broad. In 1901 when Broad was three the family were living at Aston Lodge, St Johns Road in Watford his...
, then Sidney Thorn followed closely by Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was...
. In an hour, there flew also Fritz Morzik, Maurice Finat, prince Antonio de Habsburgo-Borbon, Georg Pasewaldt, H. Andrews and A.S. Butler. The fastest on the whole track was Alan Butler (DH-60G - average speed 179 km/h), but due to a propeller exchange in Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
, he was disqualified and finished the rally off the contest. The fastest of qualified crews and the only to gain full points, was Hubert Broad (176 km/h). On that day, 35 crews were still on the track. On July 28 seven crews reached Berlin (Willy Polte, Oskar Dinort
Oskar Dinort
Oskar Dinort was a German World War II Luftwaffe Stuka pilot and first Stuka pilot to be awarded the coveted Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves...
, Winifred Spooner
Winifred Spooner
Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia....
, Mary Bailey
Mary Bailey (DBE)
The Hon. Dame Mary Bailey, née Westenra DBE was a British aviatrix.The daughter of Derrick Warner William Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore, of Rossmore Castle, County Monaghan and his wife, Mittie , Mary Westenra Bailey was known as one of the finest aviatrices of her time, who "personally guided a...
, John Carberry, François Arrachart, Stanisław Płonczyński), on July 29 - 9 more (among others, Theo Osterkamp
Theo Osterkamp
Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp was a World War I and World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. He flew in the first World War, scoring 32 victories...
, Jerzy Bajan
Jerzy Bajan
Jerzy Bajan was a prominent Polish sports and military aviator, winner of the Challenge 1934 contest.-Early military career:...
, Johann Risztics
Johann Risztics
Stabfeldwebel Johann Risztics was the Austro-Hungarian World War I flying ace credited with seven reliably confirmed aerial victories.During 1918, Risztics formed a strong friendship with fellow pilots Fredrich Hefty and Ferdinand Udvardy...
, Robert Lusser
Robert Lusser
Robert Lusser was a German engineer, aircraft designer and aviator. He is remembered both for several designs significant during World War II, and for his theoretical study of the reliability of complex systems...
, Oskar Notz), and the rest - on next days. The last crews finished the rally on August 1. Some crews dropped out or were disqualified in these last days as well.
The circuit over Europe appeared to be quite difficult for aircraft and pilots. Only 36 crews out of 60 finished in time. Further 6 crews finished the rally in spite of being disqualified due to time infringement or propeller repairs, in case of not carrying a spare propeller. Among those, who dropped out, were 9 German crews (3 of them completed the circuit), 8 Polish (3 completed the circuit), 4 French, 2 Spanish and 1 British (completed the circuit). After the rally, a leader in the general classification was Hubert Broad (DH-60G, 270 points), behind him: John Carberry (Monocoupe, 268 pts), Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was...
(Klemm L.25E, 264 pts), fourth was Fritz Morzik (BFW M.23c, 263 pts). The fastest German pilot was Dietrich von Massenbach (151 km/h), but he lost 10 points for regularity.
Top results of the rally:.
| Pilot | Country | Aircraft type | Registration / Starting number |
Average speed | Points (in this, regularity) | |
| 1. | Hubert Broad Hubert Broad Captain Hubert Standford Broad MBE AFC was an English First World War aviator and notable sports and test pilot.-Early life:Broad was born in Watford on 18 May 1897 the son of Thomas and Amelia Broad. In 1901 when Broad was three the family were living at Aston Lodge, St Johns Road in Watford his... |
DH-60G | G-AAHR / K3 | 176 km/h | 270 (75) | |
| 2. | John Carberry |  CanadaCanada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean... (UK team) |
Monocoupe 110 Monocoupe 90 |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bell, Dana ed. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Directory of Airplanes their Designers and Manufacturers. Stackpole Books Mechanicsburg, PA, 2002. ISBN 1853674907.... |
G-ABBR / K7 | 173 km/h | 268 (75) |
| 3. | Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was... |
 Germany |
Klemm L.25E | D-1901 / B8 | 149 km/h | 264 (75) |
| 4. | Fritz Morzik | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1883 / B3 | 148 km/h | 263 (75) |
| 5. | Willy Polte | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1892 / F2 | 147 km/h | 262 (75) |
| 6. | Oskar Notz | Germany |
Klemm L.25E | D-1902 / C1 | 146 km/h | 261 (75) |
| 7. | Winifred Spooner Winifred Spooner Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia.... |
DH-60G | G-AALK / K8 | 165 km/h | 260 (75) | |
| 8. | Dietrich von Massenbach | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1888 / C7 | 151 km/h | 256 (65) |
| 9. | Ernst Krüger | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1891 / E8 | 139 km/h | 254 (75) |
| 10. | Joachim von Köppen | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1886 /C5 | 138 km/h | 253 (75) |
| 11. | Sidney Thorn | Avro Avian Avro Avian The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and '30s. While the various versions of the Avian were sound aircraft, they were comprehensively outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its descendants.... |
G-AAHJ / K1 | 155 km/h | 250 (75) | |
| 12. | Oskar Dinort Oskar Dinort Oskar Dinort was a German World War II Luftwaffe Stuka pilot and first Stuka pilot to be awarded the coveted Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25E | D-1900 / B9 | 145 km/h | 250 (65) |
| 13. | Jean R. Pierroz | Breda Ba.15 Breda Ba.15 |-See also:-References:* * "La Contribución Italiana en la Aviación Paraguaya". Antonio Luis Sapienza Fracchia. Author's edition. Asunción, 2007. 300pp.... S |
CH-257 / S1 | 133 km/h | 238 (75) | |
| 14. | Stanisław Płonczyński | RWD-2 RWD-2 -See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*... |
SP-ADG / P3 | 128 km/h | 236 (75) | |
| 15. | Edward Więckowski | RWD-2 RWD-2 -See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*... |
SP-ADH / P4 | 127 km/h | 234 (75) |
Note, that lighter aircraft, like Klemm L.25, BFW M.23, RWD-2
RWD-2
-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*...
(below 322 kg empty weight), were in the Category II, with lower cruise speed demands.
Technical trials
The first was a trial of quick wings' folding, which was a feature to save place in hangars. The quickest were the crews flying DH-60s (Hubert Broad's crew folded and unfolded wings in mere 48 sec), awarded with 19 points. Crews of the German BFW M.23c scored 17-18 pts, of the Klemm L.25E - 16-17 (F. Morzik - 18 pts, O. Notz and W. Polte - 17 pts, R. Poss - 16 pts).John Carberry's Monocoupe, the Polish RWD's and the Avro Avian lost a number of points, not having folding or dismounting wings at all.
Salmson AD.9
|-See also:-Bibliography:* .* Flight magazine, 22 November 1929.*...
engine, earned 11 points. The British aircraft were handicapped by lack of starters, and the best crews - Miss Spooner and Lady Bailey, got 6 points, while H. Broad got 4 points. On the other hand, F. Morzik and R. Poss got only 7 points. On August 3 there was a fuel consumption trial on a 304 km distance. The best in fuel consumption were light RWD-2
RWD-2
-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*...
s, then German Klemms and BFWs, but 17 aircraft scored maximum of 30 pts and point differences between most of other aircraft were not big. The German Walter Spengler (Klemm L.25) was disqualified for not carrying his spare propeller aboard during this trial. Hubert Broad was still the leader, but F. Morzik was only one point behind.
On August 4 there took place a technical evaluation of competing planes' construction. Since it was a touring plane contest, such features, like comfortable cabs, side-by-side seats, rich set of controls, twin controls, safety devices (anti-fire devices and places for parachutes and water safety equipment) were also awarded. In a technical evaluation, a maximum of 104 points could be won, of a total of 230 points for technical part. Most important feature was a comfortable cab (up to 42 points). Most points was given to the American Monocoupe
Monocoupe 90
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bell, Dana ed. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Directory of Airplanes their Designers and Manufacturers. Stackpole Books Mechanicsburg, PA, 2002. ISBN 1853674907....
of John Carberry (74 pts), then to three German Junkers A50
Junkers A50
|-See also:-External links:*...
s (67-69 pts), then Breda Ba.15
Breda Ba.15
|-See also:-References:* * "La Contribución Italiana en la Aviación Paraguaya". Antonio Luis Sapienza Fracchia. Author's edition. Asunción, 2007. 300pp....
S and Arado L II
Arado L II
|-References:* World Aircraft Information Files. Brightstar Publishing, London. File 889 Sheet 73*...
a (65 pts). 62 points were given to Klemm L.25E of Reinhold Poss, the same to Polish RWD-4
RWD-4
|-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -External links:*...
of Jerzy Bajan
Jerzy Bajan
Jerzy Bajan was a prominent Polish sports and military aviator, winner of the Challenge 1934 contest.-Early military career:...
. DH-60G's of Hubert Broad and Winifred Spooner were awarded only with 56 pts, while the BFW M.23c of Fritz Morzik with 54 pts. The worst was evaluation of Hans Böhning's BFW M.23b, with 39 pts (a winning type of the previous Challenge), the second worst was Sidney Thorn's Avro Avian
Avro Avian
The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and '30s. While the various versions of the Avian were sound aircraft, they were comprehensively outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its descendants....
- 43 pts.
Additionally, in a meantime, the sports commission evaluated possibilities of dismantling the aircraft for transport (the points were added to results of wings' folding and unfolding). The German crews, flying BFW M.23c, along with F. Morzik, received additional 6 points, and Klemms L.25E, along with Poss and Notz - 3 points. No points were given to the British, Polish or French aircraft.
After these trials, leaders in a classification became the Germans: Reinhold Poss (382 pts), Oskar Notz (380 pts), Fritz Morzik (378 pts), then John Carberry (377 pts), Hubert Broad (375 pts) and Winifred Spooner
Winifred Spooner
Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia....
(370 pts). Last trials however brought some changes to this classification.
From evening August 5 until August 7 there were carried short take-off and landing trials. Short take-off trial demanded flying over an 8.5m-high gate, which consisted of two masts with a stretched tape. Each crew had two training attempts and two trials. The German pilot Ernst Krüger was the best, starting from the lowest distance of 125.5 m, then Fritz Morzik (126.4 m) - both flying the BFW M.23c, and awarded with 30 pts. Next places were occupied also by the Germans, the sixth was Winifred Spooner flying DH-60 (142 m - 25 pts). Hubert Broad was given only 12 points (198.4 m), and John Carberry - 21 points (153.7 m).
The last was a short landing trial, from above an 8.5m-high gate. The best result, 127.3 m (30 pts), was made by the German Theo Osterkamp, flying older model of Klemm L.25 Ia, then Friedrich Siebel (Klemm L.26, 25 pts). The third was Winifred Spooner (21 pts); Fritz Morzik and Reinhold Poss had the 5th and 6th result respectively. Again Hubert Broad's result was only 8 points, and John Carberry's - 7 points. In both last trials, the Polish and French aircraft performed poorly as well.
| Take-off - best results | Landing - best results | |||||||
| Pilot | Country | Aircraft | Points | Pilot | Country | Aircraft | Points | |
| 1. | Ernst Krüger | Germany |
BFW M.23c | 30 | Theo Osterkamp Theo Osterkamp Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp was a World War I and World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. He flew in the first World War, scoring 32 victories... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25 Ia | 30 |
| 2. | Fritz Morzik | Germany |
BFW M.23c | 30 | Friedrich Siebel | Germany |
Klemm L.26 IIa | 25 |
| 3. | |Dietrich von Massenbach | Germany |
BFW M.23c | 28 | Winifred Spooner Winifred Spooner Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia.... |
 United Kingdom |
DH.60G De Havilland DH.60 Moth The de Havilland DH 60 Moth was a 1920s British two-seat touring and training aircraft that was developed into a series of aircraft by the de Havilland Aircraft Company.-Development:The DH 60 was developed from the larger DH 51 biplane... |
21 |
| 4. | Willy Polte | Germany |
BFW M.23c | 25 | Heinrich Benz | Germany |
Klemm L.25 IVa | 20 |
| 5. | Oskar Notz | Germany |
Klemm L.25E | 25 | Fritz Morzik | Germany |
BFW M.23c | 19 |
| 6. | Winifred Spooner Winifred Spooner Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia.... |
United Kingdom |
DH.60G De Havilland DH.60 Moth The de Havilland DH 60 Moth was a 1920s British two-seat touring and training aircraft that was developed into a series of aircraft by the de Havilland Aircraft Company.-Development:The DH 60 was developed from the larger DH 51 biplane... |
25 | Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25E | 18 |
| 7. | Friedrich Siebel | Germany |
Klemm L.26 IIa | 24 | Oskar Dinort | Germany |
Klemm L.25E | 17 |
| 8. | Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25E | 23 | H. Andrews | United Kingdom |
Spartan Arrow | 17 |
| 9. | Theo Osterkamp Theo Osterkamp Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp was a World War I and World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. He flew in the first World War, scoring 32 victories... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25 Ia | 22 | Willy Polte | Germany |
BFW M.23c | 16 |
| 10. | John Carberry | Canada |
Monocoupe 110 | 21 | Oskar Notz | Germany |
Klemm L.25E | 15 |
To sum up technical trials part: Hubert Broad
Hubert Broad
Captain Hubert Standford Broad MBE AFC was an English First World War aviator and notable sports and test pilot.-Early life:Broad was born in Watford on 18 May 1897 the son of Thomas and Amelia Broad. In 1901 when Broad was three the family were living at Aston Lodge, St Johns Road in Watford his...
's advantage over other competitors was decreasing in following trials, then he lost several places after the aircraft evaluation and wings' folding tests. After poor take-off and landing results, he occupied the 8th position eventually. Due to lack of folding wings and engine starter, John Carberry fell from the 2nd to 11th position, only to regain this position thanks to best aircraft evaluation. However, mediocre take-off and landing results gave him the 6th place overall. Technical part saw a duel between Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss
Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was...
and Fritz Morzik, occupying the 3rd and 4th places respectively after the circuit part. Poss took a lead, while Morzik fell to the 5th position after the aircraft evaluation, but Morzik's superb take-off and landing made him a winner, while Poss took the 2nd place. Oskar Notz and Winifred Spooner
Winifred Spooner
Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia....
both performed very well, improving their positions by three places (from the 7th and 8th place respectively), while Willy Polte improved it only by one step (from the 6th position). Winifred Spooner performed good take-off and landing as the only British competitor and the only flying DH.60. Other competitors, who managed to improve their positions much in this part, in spite of flying older aircraft, were Theo Osterkamp
Theo Osterkamp
Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp was a World War I and World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. He flew in the first World War, scoring 32 victories...
(from the 16th to 11th place), Robert Lusser
Robert Lusser
Robert Lusser was a German engineer, aircraft designer and aviator. He is remembered both for several designs significant during World War II, and for his theoretical study of the reliability of complex systems...
(from the 18th to 14th place) and Friedrich Siebel (from 25th to 18th place). Among the competitors, who lost most position, were Edward Więckowski (from 15th to 21st place), S. Thorn and A. Gothe.
Results
After all trials, on August 8 there was a closing ceremony. The first three places were occupied by the Germans, flying specially developed variants of sports aircraft, the winner being Fritz Morzik again. On the fourth place was Miss Winifred SpoonerWinifred Spooner
Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia....
, who managed to improve her position since the rally part, thanks to skills in technical trials, which were not favourable for the British aircraft.
Only 35 crews of 60 completed the contest, among them 20 German, 6 British, 4 Polish, 2 Swiss, 2 French, 1 Spanish:
| Pilot | Country | Aircraft type | Registration / Starting number |
Points: rally + technical = total |
||
| 1. | Fritz Morzik | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1883 | B3 | 263 + 164 = 427 |
| 2. | Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss Reinhold Poss was a German flying ace and racing pilot. Poss enlisted with the German Navy during World War I and scored eleven kills as a naval pilot. In May 1918 he took command of the Seefrontstaffel and in September 1918 of the IV. Marinefeldjasta, which he led until 15 October, when he was... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25E | D-1901 | B8 | 264 + 159 = 423 |
| 3. | Oskar Notz | Germany |
Klemm L.25E | D-1902 | C1 | 261 + 158 = 419 |
| 4. | Winifred Spooner Winifred Spooner Winifred Evelyn Spooner was an English aviatrix of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding aviatrix of 1929. She died aged 33 from pneumonia.... |
DH-60G | G-AALK | K8 | 260 + 156 = 416 | |
| 5. | Willy Polte | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1892 | F2 | 262 + 147 = 409 |
| 6. | John Carberry | Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean... (UK team) |
Monocoupe 110 Monocoupe 90 |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bell, Dana ed. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Directory of Airplanes their Designers and Manufacturers. Stackpole Books Mechanicsburg, PA, 2002. ISBN 1853674907.... |
G-ABBR | K7 | 268 + 137 = 405 |
| 7. | Dietrich von Massenbach | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1888 | C7 | 256 + 142 = 398 |
| 8. | Hubert Broad Hubert Broad Captain Hubert Standford Broad MBE AFC was an English First World War aviator and notable sports and test pilot.-Early life:Broad was born in Watford on 18 May 1897 the son of Thomas and Amelia Broad. In 1901 when Broad was three the family were living at Aston Lodge, St Johns Road in Watford his... |
DH-60G | G-AAHR | K3 | 270 + 125 = 395 | |
| 9. | Ernst Krüger | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1891 | E8 | 254 + 140 = 394 |
| 10. | Oskar Dinort Oskar Dinort Oskar Dinort was a German World War II Luftwaffe Stuka pilot and first Stuka pilot to be awarded the coveted Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25E | D-1900 | B9 | 250 + 135 = 385 |
| 11. | Theo Osterkamp Theo Osterkamp Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp was a World War I and World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. He flew in the first World War, scoring 32 victories... |
Germany |
Klemm L.25 Ia | D-1713 | B7 | 226 + 158 = 384 |
| 12. | Joachim von Köppen | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1886 | C5 | 253 + 130 = 383 |
| 13. | Robert Lusser Robert Lusser Robert Lusser was a German engineer, aircraft designer and aviator. He is remembered both for several designs significant during World War II, and for his theoretical study of the reliability of complex systems... |
Germany |
Klemm L.26 Va | D-1716 | A2 | 218 + 145 = 363 |
| 14. | Jean R. Pierroz | Breda Ba-15S | CH-257 | S1 | 238 + 124 = 362 | |
| 15. | Johann Risztics Johann Risztics Stabfeldwebel Johann Risztics was the Austro-Hungarian World War I flying ace credited with seven reliably confirmed aerial victories.During 1918, Risztics formed a strong friendship with fellow pilots Fredrich Hefty and Ferdinand Udvardy... |
Germany |
Junkers A 50ce | D-1618 | A1 | 195 + 166 = 361 |
| 16. | Sidney Thorn | Avro Avian Avro Avian The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and '30s. While the various versions of the Avian were sound aircraft, they were comprehensively outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its descendants.... |
G-AAHJ | K1 | 250 + 88 = 338 | |
| 17. | Maurice Finat | Caudron C.193 | F-AJSI | M2 | 214 + 123 = 337 | |
| 18. | Otto Peschke | Germany |
Arado L.IIa | D-1875 | C9 | 207 + 129 = 336 |
| 19. | Stanisław Płonczyński | RWD-2 RWD-2 -See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*... |
SP-ADG | P3 | 236 + 100 = 336 | |
| 20. | Friedrich Siebel | Germany |
Klemm L.26 IIa | D-1773 | E6 | 171 + 164 = 335 |
| 21. | Edward Więckowski | RWD-2 RWD-2 -See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p. 286-288 -External links:*... |
SP-ADH | P4 | 234 + 95 = 329 | |
| 22. | Georg Pasewaldt | Germany |
Arado L.IIa | D-1876 | D1 | 180 + 138 = 318 |
| 23. | Charles Kolp | Klemm VL.25 Va | CH-258 | S2 | 189 + 125 = 314 | |
| 24. | François Arrachart | Caudron C.193 | F-AJSH | L3 | 198 + 113 = 311 | |
| 25. | Otto von Waldau | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1887 | C6 | 165 + 142 = 307 |
| 26. | Heinrich Benz | Germany |
Klemm L.25 IVa | D-1877 | E1 | 162 + 142 = 304 |
| 27. | Alfred Gothe | Germany |
Junkers A 50ci | D-1863 | E2 | 179 + 105 = 284 |
| 28. | Egloff von Freyberg | Germany |
BFW M.23c | D-1884 | C3 | 153 + 120 = 273 |
| 29. | Waldemar Roeder | Germany |
Junkers A 50ce | D-1862 | A8 | 150 + 121 = 271 |
| 30. | Antonio Habsburg-Bourbon |  Kingdom of Spain |
DH-60G | M-CKAA | T5 | 144 + 101 = 245 |
| 31. | Mary Bailey Mary Bailey (DBE) The Hon. Dame Mary Bailey, née Westenra DBE was a British aviatrix.The daughter of Derrick Warner William Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore, of Rossmore Castle, County Monaghan and his wife, Mittie , Mary Westenra Bailey was known as one of the finest aviatrices of her time, who "personally guided a... |
DH-60G | G-AAEE | K6 | 132 + 103 = 235 | |
| 32. | Jerzy Bajan Jerzy Bajan Jerzy Bajan was a prominent Polish sports and military aviator, winner of the Challenge 1934 contest.-Early military career:... |
RWD-4 RWD-4 |-See also:-References:* Glass, Andrzej: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -External links:*... |
SP-ADM | P2 | 120 + 103 = 223 | |
| 33. | Ignacy Giedgowd | PZL.5 PZL.5 |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft 1893-1939. London: Putnam, 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977 .-External links:**... |
SP-ACW | O1 | 87 + 83 = 170 | |
| 34. | Hans Böhning Hans Böhning Leutnant Hans Böhning was a German World War flying ace credited with 17 aerial victories. He served originally in artillery, but made the transition to aviation in 1916. He began his flying career with FA 290, which was an artillery cooperation unit. He survived an accident on 17 July 1917.... |
Germany |
BFW M.23b | D-1889 | D8 | 80 + 81 = 161 |
| 35. | H.S. Andrews | Spartan Arrow Spartan Arrow -External links:** in Flight, November 7, 1930.... |
G-AAWZ | K4 | 51 + 109 = 160 |
The 1st place was awarded with 100,000 French franc
French franc
The franc was a currency of France. Along with the Spanish peseta, it was also a de facto currency used in Andorra . Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money...
s, the 2nd place with 50,000 FRF, the 3rd place with 25,000 FRF, the 4th place with 15,000 FRF, from 5th to 20th place - with 10,000 FRF.
Due to the German victory, the next Challenge 1932
Challenge 1932
The Challenge 1932 was the third FAI International Tourist Plane Contest , that took place between 12 and August 28, 1932 in Berlin, Germany. The four Challenges, from 1929 to 1934, were major aviation events in pre-war Europe.-Overview:...
was organized in Germany as well. The next Challenge, due to regulations' changes, turned out to be more difficult contest. For 1932 contest, most countries developed advanced sport aircraft, with high technical performance.
See also
- Challenge International de Tourisme 1929
- Challenge International de Tourisme 1932
- Challenge International de Tourisme 1934