Crow Valley Range Complex
Encyclopedia
The Crow Valley Bombing and Gunnery Range (IATA
: RPXC) or Crow Valley Gunnery Range, and presently Tarlac Military Testing Ground, was the main bombing range
of the United States Armed Forces
in the western Pacific
, and currently by the Armed Forces of the Philippines
. Crow Valley is located in Camp O'Donnell
in Tarlac
, The Philippines. The 42-mile facility is located approximately 14 miles from Clark Air Base
and is primarily used for aerial combat training, which include bombing and strafing
practice, as well as ground unit maneuver and live fire exercise
s.
. It came to prominence during Cope Thunder
exercises by forces from the Philippines, Canada
, United Kingdom
, Japan
, New Zealand
, Australia
, Thailand
and the Republic of Singapore during the 1970s.
Security at Crow Valley was the responsibility of the Security Police assigned to the 3rd Tactical Electronic Warfare Training Squadron (3rd TEWTS) based at Camp O'Donnell and combined Air Force Security Policemen and local DoD Civilian Guards.
Crow Valley was home to the 6009th Security Police Training Squadron (SPTS). While headquartered at Clark Air Base as an attached unit of the 3rd Security Police Group, the 6009th SPTS was responsible for conducting Air Base Ground Defense (ABGD) Training at their facility at Crow Valley. This training program was known in the Air Force as "Commando Warrior." Security Police units from throughout Asia and the Pacific would come to Crow Valley for two weeks of intense jungle warfare style training focused on the techniques necessary to protect an air base in a foreign country (aka The Republic of Gunderstand). This training facility was also the site of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations' "Commando Crow" program, training agents in tactical counterintelligence. These programs were active at this location throughout the 1980s.
The 1961st Communications Group, Operating Location Delta (OL-D) was responsible for communications support on the range. This included 4 MRC-108 Communication Jeeps, Air Traffic Control radios at Alpha Control on Camp O'Donnell and sights downrange including the Crow Valley Control Tower. Also maintained were the Strafe Scoring System and the Laser Target Designator Scoring System (LTDSS) located on the range and remoted to the Crow Valley Control Tower.
installations, including advanced radar
and radar jamming equipment and even a Russia
n surface-to-air missile
installation. However, these facilities have been buried by pyroclastic flows during the 1991 Pinatubo explosion, and lahar
thereafter.
The facility currently no longer has any of the aforementioned features. There is a small circular bullseye in the wash that is nearly invisible from medium altitude bombing.
when not in use. Crow Valley is also at times called the Tarlac Military Testing Ground.
In recent news, Crow Valley was also laid claim by some 508 Aeta
families as ancestral domain. The Department of National Defense
has rejected the claim. After the 1991 Pinatubo explosion, and the turn over of the US military facilities, Pres. Fidel Ramos announced Proclamation No. 163 (1993) where Crow Valley was specifically exempted from the coverage of the Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA), and is primarily reserved for the use of the Armed Forces and the Defense Department.
Crow Valley not only serves the needs of the Philippine Armed Forces, but also hosts as one of the venues of the BALIKATAN Joint Military Exercises.
IATA airport code
An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association...
: RPXC) or Crow Valley Gunnery Range, and presently Tarlac Military Testing Ground, was the main bombing range
Bombing range
A bombing range is an area used for testing explosive ordnance and practicing to accurately direct them to the target. Bombing ranges are used for munitions that either explode or produce too much destruction to use at a shooting range, such as kinetic energy penetrators or very large caliber...
of the United States Armed Forces
United States armed forces
The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.The United States has a strong tradition of civilian control of the military...
in the western Pacific
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
, and currently by the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Armed Forces of the Philippines
The Armed Forces of the Philippines is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force...
. Crow Valley is located in Camp O'Donnell
Camp O'Donnell
Camp O'Donnell was a facility of the United States Air Force in Capas, Tarlac, The Philippines. Before the facility was transferred to the Air Force, it was first a Philippine Constabulary post then a United States Army facility....
in Tarlac
Tarlac
Tarlac is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Luzon Island. Its capital is Tarlac City. Tarlac borders Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east, Pangasinan to the north, and Zambales to the west...
, The Philippines. The 42-mile facility is located approximately 14 miles from Clark Air Base
Clark Air Base
Clark Air Base is a former United States Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, located 3 miles west of Angeles City, about 40 miles northwest of Metro Manila. Clark Air Base was an American military facility from 1903 to 1991...
and is primarily used for aerial combat training, which include bombing and strafing
Strafing
Strafing is the practice of attacking ground targets from low-flying aircraft using aircraft-mounted automatic weapons. This means, that although ground attack using automatic weapons fire is very often accompanied with bombing or rocket fire, the term "strafing" does not specifically include the...
practice, as well as ground unit maneuver and live fire exercise
Live fire exercise
A live fire exercise or LFX is any exercise in which a realistic scenario for the use of specific equipment is simulated. In the popular lexicon this is applied primarily to tests of weapons or weapon systems that are associated with the various branches of a nation's armed forces, although the...
s.
History
Crow Valley was a component facility of Clark Air Base during the American presence in the Philippines. The facility was used extensively by the US 13th Air ForceThirteenth Air Force
The Thirteenth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Pacific Air Forces . It is headquartered at Hickam Air Force Base on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. 13 AF has never been stationed in the continental United States...
. It came to prominence during Cope Thunder
Red Flag - Alaska
RED FLAG-Alaska is a realistic, 10-day air combat United States Air Force training exercise held up to four times a year. It is held at Eielson Air Force Base and Elmendorf Air Force Base in the State of Alaska...
exercises by forces from the Philippines, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, Thailand
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
and the Republic of Singapore during the 1970s.
Security at Crow Valley was the responsibility of the Security Police assigned to the 3rd Tactical Electronic Warfare Training Squadron (3rd TEWTS) based at Camp O'Donnell and combined Air Force Security Policemen and local DoD Civilian Guards.
Crow Valley was home to the 6009th Security Police Training Squadron (SPTS). While headquartered at Clark Air Base as an attached unit of the 3rd Security Police Group, the 6009th SPTS was responsible for conducting Air Base Ground Defense (ABGD) Training at their facility at Crow Valley. This training program was known in the Air Force as "Commando Warrior." Security Police units from throughout Asia and the Pacific would come to Crow Valley for two weeks of intense jungle warfare style training focused on the techniques necessary to protect an air base in a foreign country (aka The Republic of Gunderstand). This training facility was also the site of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations' "Commando Crow" program, training agents in tactical counterintelligence. These programs were active at this location throughout the 1980s.
The 1961st Communications Group, Operating Location Delta (OL-D) was responsible for communications support on the range. This included 4 MRC-108 Communication Jeeps, Air Traffic Control radios at Alpha Control on Camp O'Donnell and sights downrange including the Crow Valley Control Tower. Also maintained were the Strafe Scoring System and the Laser Target Designator Scoring System (LTDSS) located on the range and remoted to the Crow Valley Control Tower.
Description
The 17,814-hectare facility featured an airfield as well as sophisticated electronic warfareElectronic warfare
Electronic warfare refers to any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy assaults via the spectrum. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of, and ensure friendly...
installations, including advanced radar
Radar
Radar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
and radar jamming equipment and even a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n surface-to-air missile
Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
installation. However, these facilities have been buried by pyroclastic flows during the 1991 Pinatubo explosion, and lahar
Lahar
A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. The term is a shortened version of "berlahar" which originated in the Javanese language of...
thereafter.
The facility currently no longer has any of the aforementioned features. There is a small circular bullseye in the wash that is nearly invisible from medium altitude bombing.
Current status
At present, the facility is used occasionally for practice by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It is also used as base camp for trails going to Mount PinatuboMount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon, near the tripoint of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. It is located in the Tri-Cabusilan Mountain range separating the west coast of Luzon from the central plains, and is west of the dormant and...
when not in use. Crow Valley is also at times called the Tarlac Military Testing Ground.
In recent news, Crow Valley was also laid claim by some 508 Aeta
Aeta
The Aeta , Agta or Ayta are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of Luzon, Philippines. They are considered to be Negritos, who are dark to very dark brown-skinned and tend to have features such as a small stature, small frame, curly to kinky afro-like textured...
families as ancestral domain. The Department of National Defense
Department of National Defense (Philippines)
The Department of National Defense is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for guarding against external and internal threats to peace and security in the country...
has rejected the claim. After the 1991 Pinatubo explosion, and the turn over of the US military facilities, Pres. Fidel Ramos announced Proclamation No. 163 (1993) where Crow Valley was specifically exempted from the coverage of the Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA), and is primarily reserved for the use of the Armed Forces and the Defense Department.
Crow Valley not only serves the needs of the Philippine Armed Forces, but also hosts as one of the venues of the BALIKATAN Joint Military Exercises.