Dactylorhiza is a genus of terrestrial (ground-dwelling)

Terrestrial plant

A terrestrial plant is one that grows on land. Other types of plants are aquatic , epiphytic , lithophytes and aerial ....

 plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae

The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species,...

).

The name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος "daktylos" (finger) and ρίζα "rhiza" (root), referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus. Dactylorhiza were previously classified under Orchis

Orchis

Orchis is a genus in the orchid family . This genus gets its name from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids....

which has two round tubers.

These orchids are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere : in Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

, from Scandinavia

Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...

 to North Africa

North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...

; also on Madeira

Madeira

Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union...

, Iceland

Iceland

Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...

, West Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

, North Asia, the Himalayas

Himalayas

The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...

, North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

 and even in Alaska

Alaska

Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...

.

These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are tuber

Tuber

Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to survive the winter or dry months and provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing season and they are a means of asexual reproduction...

ous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions.

The long leaves

Leaf

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....

 are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long stem

Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescence , conifer cones, roots, other stems etc. The internodes distance one node from another...

 which reaches a height of 70–90 cm. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem.

The inflorescence

Inflorescence

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Strictly, it is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified...

, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact raceme

Raceme

A raceme is a type of inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears pedicellate flowers — flowers having short floral stalks called pedicels — along the axis. In botany, axis means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In a raceme, the oldest flowers are borne...

 with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

Many 'species' in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague, with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as pulverised fuel ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash

Pulverised fuel ash , is a by product of pulverised fuel fired power stations. The fuel is pulverised into a fine powder, mixed with heated air and burned. Approximately 18% of the fuel forms fine glass spheres, the lighter of which are borne aloft by the combustion process...

, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.

Species

There are many species that cross-fertilize, giving immense variation and complicating classification.

• Dactylorhiza alpestris : Alpine Dactylorhiza (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians).
• Dactylorhiza angustata (France).
• Dactylorhiza aristata
  Dactylorhiza aristata
  The Keyflower is a species of orchid....
  
  : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
  • Dactylorhiza aristata var. aristata : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
  • Dactylorhiza aristata var. kodiakensis : Kodiak Keyflower (Aleutian Is. to SW. Alaska).
• Dactylorhiza armeniaca (Turkey) - has become synonym of Dactylorhiza euxina subsp. armeniaca (Hedrén) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza atlantica Kreutz & Vlaciha (Morocco)
• Dactylorhiza baldshuanica (C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza baltica
  Dactylorhiza baltica
  Dactylorhiza baltica is a species of orchid....
  
  (Eastern Europe) (synonym of Dactylorhiza longifolia (Neuman) Aver.)
• Dactylorhiza baumanniana (N. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza baumanniana subsp. smolikana (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Greece)
• Dactylorhiza bohemica (EC. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. bosniaca (N. Balkan Pen).
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. cordigera (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera var. graeca (H.Baumann) Presser)
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. pindica (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (NW. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera var. rhodopeia Presser (Greece, Southeastern Europe, Europe)
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. siculorum (Romania to W. Ukraine).
• Dactylorhiza ebudensis (Wief. ex R.M. Bateman & Denholm) P. Delforge : Hebridean
  Hebrides
  The Hebrides comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of Scotland. There are two main groups: the Inner and Outer Hebrides. These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive...
  
   Marsh Orchid
• Dactylorhiza elata
  Dactylorhiza elata
  The Stately Dactylorhiza is a species of orchid....
  
  (Poir.) Soó : Stately Dactylorhiza (W. Europe to NW. Africa).
  • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. ambigua (Martrin-Donos) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. brennensis (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. elata (NW. Africa.
  • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. mauritanica B.Baumann & H. Baumann (Morocco, Algeria)
  • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. sesquipedalis (SW. Europe to Sicilia).
• Dactylorhiza euxina (Nevski) Czerep.
  • Dactylorhiza euxina subsp. armeniaca (Hedrén) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza flavescens (Turkey to C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza foliosa
  Dactylorhiza foliosa
  The Richly-leaved Dactylorhiza is a species of orchid....
  
  : Richly-leaved Dactylorhiza (Madeira).
• Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó : Common Spotted Orchid, Fuch's Dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. carpatica (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. fuchsii (Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. hebridensis (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. meyeri (Rchb.f.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. okellyi (Ireland, W. Great Britain).
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. psychrophila (Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii var. sooana (Borsos) Kreutz (Hungary)
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii var. sudetica (Poech ex Rchb.f.) H.Baumann
• Dactylorhiza gervasiana (Sicilia to S. Italy).
• Dactylorhiza graeca (N. Greece) - has become synonym of Dactylorhiza cordigera var. graeca (H.Baumann) Presser)
• Dactylorhiza graggeriana (W. Himalaya).
• Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Pakistan to SE. Tibet).
• Dactylorhiza iberica (Greece to Iran).
• Dactylorhiza ilgazica (N. Turkey) - now synonym of Dactylorhiza urvilleana subsp. ilgazica (Kreutz) Kreutz

• Dactylorhiza incarnata
  Dactylorhiza incarnata
  The Early Marsh Orchid, is a perennial, temperate-climate species of orchid generally found growing in wet meadows, and generally on base-rich soils, up to about 2100m asl...
  
  (L.) Soó : Early Marsh Orchid
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata var. baumgartneriana (B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. coccinea
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. cruenta (Europe to Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. gemmana (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. incarnata (Europe to Mongolia).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata nothosubsp. krylovii (W. Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. lobelii (Norway to The Netherlands).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleuca (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata nothosubsp. versicolor (Europe)
• Dactylorhiza insularis
  Dactylorhiza insularis
  Dactylorhiza insularis Landwehr 1969 is a species of terrestrial plant, in the genus Dactylorhiza in the orchid family .-External links:***...
  
  : Island Dactylorhiza (W. Medit. to WC. Italy).
• Dactylorhiza kafiriana (NE. Afghanistan to W. Himalaya).
• Dactylorhiza kalopissii E.Nelson (N. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. macedonica (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. pythagorae (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza kulikalonica (C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza lapponica
  Dactylorhiza lapponica
  Dactylorhiza lapponica is an orchid....
  
  (Laest.ex Hartm.) Soó (N. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza lapponica subsp. angustata (Arv.-Touv.) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza lapponica subsp. rhaetica H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Alps of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France)
• Dactylorhiza lapponica subsp. russowii (Klinge) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (C. Europe to Siberia).
• Dactylorhiza libanotica (Lebanon)
• Dactylorhiza longifolia (Europe to C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza macedonica (N. Greece) - now a synonym of Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. macedonica (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza maculata
  Dactylorhiza maculata
  The Heath Spotted Orchid or Moorland Spotted Orchid , is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Orchidaceae.-Etymology:...
  
  (L.) Soó : Heath Spotted Orchid, Moorland Spotted Orchid (NW. Africa, Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. battandieri (N. Algeria).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. caramulensis (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. elodes (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum : Heath Spotted Orchid (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. islandica (Iceland).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. kolaensis (Montell) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. maculata (Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. maurusia (Morocco)
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. podesta (Netherlands).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. rhoumensis (Great Britain)
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. savogiensis (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. schurii (Carpathians).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. sennia (Vollmar) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica (SC. & SE. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza magna (C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. : Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid, Western Marsh Orchid, Fan Orchid, Common Marsh Orchid (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza majalis var. brevifolia (Rchb.f.) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. calcifugiens (Denmark)
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. cambrensis (Coastal Great Britain and Denmark) (now synonym of Dactylorhiza purpurella (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó var. cambrensis (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005)
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. majalis (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain) (synonym of Dactylorhiza kerryensis (Wilmott) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes)

• • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. parvimajalis (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. purpurella : Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid (NW. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. sphagnicola
  • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. turfosa (Alps to W. Carpathians) - has become a synonym of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. turfosa (F.Proch.) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza markusii : Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy).
• Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum (N. Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza occidentalis (Pugsley) P. Delforge : Irish Marsh Orchid (synonym of Dactylorhiza kerryensis (Wilmott) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes)

• Dactylorhiza osmanica (Turkey to Syria).
  • Dactylorhiza osmanica var. anatolica (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza osmanica var. osmanica (Turkey to Syria).
• Dactylorhiza pindica (NW. Greece).
• Dactylorhiza praetermissa : Leopard Marsh Orchid, Southern Marsh Orchid (W. & NW. Europe)
• Dactylorhiza purpurella
  Dactylorhiza purpurella
  The Northern Marsh Orchid is an orchid....
  
  (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó : Northern Marsh Orchid (Great Britain, Ireland).
  • Dactylorhiza purpurella var. maculosa (T. Stephenson)
  • Dactylorhiza purpurella var. purpurella
  • Dactylorhiza purpurella var. cambrensis (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005
• Dactylorhiza pythagorae (E. Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. pythagorae (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza romana
  Dactylorhiza romana
  The Roman Dactylorhiza is a species of orchid....
  
  : Roman Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean)
• Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó : Sack-carrying Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean).
  • Dactylorhiza saccifera subsp. bithynica (H.Baumann) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza saccifera subsp. gervasiana (Tod.) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza salina (Caucasus to Amur)
• Dactylorhiza sambucina
  Dactylorhiza sambucina
  The Elder-flowered Orchid is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family Orchidaceae.-Etymology:The name of the genus Dactylorhiza is formed from Greek words δάκτυλος "daktylos" meaning "finger" and ρίζα "rhiza" meaning "root" and refers to the tubers of this plant, that are split into several...
  
  : Elder-flowered Orchid (Europe). Photos
• Dactylorhiza sudetica (Europe to Siberia)
• Dactylorhiza traunsteineri
  Dactylorhiza traunsteineri
  Dactylorhiza traunsteineri is an orchid....
  
  (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó : Narrow-leaved Marsh Orchid, Traunstein's Dactylorhiza (Europe to W. Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. carpatica (Slovakia) - has become synonym of Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. carpatica (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. turfosa (F.Proch.) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. curvifolia (N. & NE. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. traunsteineri
    Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. traunsteineri
    Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. traunsteineri or Pugsley's Marsh Orchid occurs from Europe to West Siberia....
    
    (Europe to W. Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. wirtgenii (Höppner) Kreutz
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Landwehr (synonym of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. traunsteineri)
• Dactylorhiza umbrosa (W. & C. Asia to Siberia)
• Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele (N. & NE. Turkey to Iran)
  • Dactylorhiza urvilleana subsp. bithynica (H.Baumann) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz
  • Dactylorhiza urvilleana subsp. phoenissa B. Baumann & H. Baumann (Lebanon)
  • Dactylorhiza urvilleana subsp. ilgazica (Kreutz) Kreutz
• Dactylorhiza viridis : Frog orchid (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere).
  • Dactylorhiza viridis var. virescens (Temp. Asia, N. America)
  • Dactylorhiza viridis var. viridis (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)

Hybrids

Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety.

• Dactylorhiza × abantiana (D. iberica × D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × aldenii (D. iberica × D. kalopissii) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × altobracensis (D. maculata × D. sambucina) (France, Austria).
• Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana (D. incarnata × D. majalis) (W. & C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana nothosubsp. aschersoniana (W. & C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana nothosubsp. templinensis (D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca × D. majalis) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana nothovar. uliginosa (D. incarnata subsp.pulchella × D. majalis) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × baicalica (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta × D. salina) (Siberia).
• Dactylorhiza × balabaniana (D. iberica × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × bayburtiana (D. euxina × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × beckeriana (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × boluiana (D. nieschalkiorum × D. saccifera) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × bourdonii (D. brennensis × D. incarnata) (France).
• Dactylorhiza × braunii (D. fuchsii × D. majalis) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. braunii (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. lilacina (D fuchsii × D. majalis subsp. turfosa) (EC. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. monticola (D. fuchsii subsp. psychrophila × D. majalis) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. smitakii (D. fuchsii subsp. sooana × D. majalis) (EC. Europe). te
• Dactylorhiza × breviceras (D. osmanica × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × carnea (D. incarnata × D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × carnea nothosubsp. ampolai (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta × D. maculata) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × carnea nothosubsp. carnea (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × carnea nothosubsp. maculatiformis. (D. incarnata × D. maculata) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × claudiopolitana (D. incarnata × D. schurii) (Europe.
• Dactylorhiza × conigerum (D. maculata × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × csatoi (D. cordigera × D. maculata) (SE. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae (C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza × daunia (D. romana × D. saccifera) (S. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × delamainii (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. maculata) (SW. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × dinglensis (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. majalis subsp. occidentalis) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. dinglensis (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. robertsii (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. majalis subsp. cambrensi) (Great Britain).
  • Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. senayi (D. maculata subsp. elodes × D. majalis) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. townsendiana (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. majalis) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. vermeuleniana (D. maculata × D. majalis) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × drucei (D. majalis × D. viridis) (W. Europe)
• Dactylorhiza × dubreuilhii (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. incarnata) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × dufftiana (D. majalis × D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × dufftii (D. incarnata × D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × dufftii nothosubsp. dufftii (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × dufftii nothosubsp. gotlandica (D incarnata subsp. ochroleuca × D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza × dufftii nothosubsp. stenkyrkae (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta × D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × erdingeri (D. sambucina × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza euxina (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
  • Dactylorhiza euxinavar. euxina (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
  • Dactylorhiza euxinavar. markowitschii (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
• Dactylorhiza × flixensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. traunsteineri.) (Switzerland).
• Dactylorhiza × formosa (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × fourkensis (D. baumanniana × D. sambucina) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × gabretana (D. incarnata × D. maculata × D. sambucina) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × genevensis (D. incarnata × D. latifolia × D. maculata) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × godferyana (D. majalis × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × grandis (D. fuchsii × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × guilhotii (D. incarnata × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × guillaumeae (D. incarnata × D. sambucina) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × gustavssonii (D. iberica × D. saccifera) (Greece to Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × hallii (D maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × hallii nothosubsp. hallii (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × hallii nothosubsp. nummiana (D. maculata subsp. elodes × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × hochreutinerana (D. alpestris × D. incarnata) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × insignis (D. praetermissa × D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × ishorica (D. incarnata × D. longifolia) (European Russia).
• Dactylorhiza × jenensis (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. traunsteineri) (W. & NC. Europe)
• Dactylorhiza × jestrebiensis (D. bohemica × D. majalis) (EC. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × juennensis (D. fuchsii × D. lapponica) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × katarana (D kalopissii × D. saccifera) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × kelleriana (D. fuchsii × D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × kerasovinensis (D. pindica × D. saccifera) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum (D. fuchsii × D. incarnata) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. kerneriorum (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. lillsundica (D. fuchsii × D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) (N. & W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. variablis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. incarnata) (W. Europe). *Dactylorhiza × komiensis (D. hebridensis × D. maculata) (E. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × kopdagiana (D. iberica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × koutsourana (D. baumanniana × D. smolikana) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × kuuskiae (D.longifolia × D. traunsteineri) (E. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × latirella (D. incarnata × D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × lehmannii (D. incarnata × D. russowii) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × megapolitana (D. fuchsii × D. russowii) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × metsowonensis (D. kalopissii × D. sambucina) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × mixtum (D. fuchsii × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × mulignensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. majalis) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × nevskii (D. osmanica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × ornonensis (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. incarnata × D. maculata) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × paridaeniana (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × pontica (D. urvilleana × D. viridis) (Turkey)
• Dactylorhiza × prochazkana (D. bohemica × D. maculata) (EC. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × renzii (D. incarnata × D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × rizeana (D. euxina × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × rombucina (D. romana × D. sambucina) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × ruppertii (D. majalis × D. sambucina) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × salictina (D. pindica × D. smolikana) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × serbica (D. incarnata × D. saccifera) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × serreana (D. graeca × D. lagotis) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × sivasiana (D. umbrosa × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × sooi (D. alpestris × D. fuchsii.) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × souflikensis (D. baumanniana × D. pindica) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × stagni-novi (D. brennensis × D. fuchsii) (Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × szaboiana (D. cordigera × D. sudetica) (SE. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × transiens (D. fuchsii × D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (Europe)
  • Dactylorhiza × transiens nothosubsp. corylensis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. maculata)
  • Dactylorhiza × transienssubsp. ericetorum (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza × transiens nothosubsp. transiens (Europe). Tuber geophyte
• Dactylorhiza × turcestanicum (D. umbrosa × D. viridis) (C. Asia).
• Dactylorhiza × vallis-peenae (D. majalis × D. russowii) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × venusta (D. fuchsii × D. purpurella) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza × venusta nothosubsp. hebridella (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. purpurella) (Great Britain).
  • Dactylorhiza × venusta nothosubsp. venusta (Europe)
• Dactylorhiza × viridella (D. purpurella × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × vitosana (D. saccifera × D. sambucina) (SE. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × vogtiana (D. iberica × D. incarnata) (Turkey).
• Dactylorhiza × vorasica (D. cordigera × D. sambucina) (Greece).
• Dactylorhiza × weissenbachiana (D. incarnata × D. lapponica) (C. Europe).
• Dactylorhiza × wiefelspuetziana (D. maculata × D. sphagnicola) (W. Europe).

This list follows the World checklist of monocotyledons, periodically amended from the "Orchid Research Newsletter".

External links

• Flora of North America Genus page
• Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis
• Dactylorhiza picture database
• Mayank Thakur and V. K. Dixit , Aphrodisiac Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo in Male Albino Rats, Oxford Journals, Medicine, Evidence-based Compl. and Alt. Medicine, Volume 4, Supplement 1, p. 29-31