Darijaya
Encyclopedia
Darijaya was an Inner Mongolia
n nobleman of Alxa League
and a politician under the Republic of China
and People's Republic of China
governments.
courtesy name Ruì Sūn (銳蓀).
clan, Darijaya was a descendant of Genghis Khan
's younger brother Hasar. He was a prince of Alxa League
, then administered by Ningxia
. In 1925, he married Jin Yuncheng (金允誠), a member of the Manchu Aisin Gioro
clan, daughter of Zaitao and cousin of Puyi
. In 1931, upon the death of his father, he was named jasagh
of Alxa Banner. In his new position he carried out various reforms, including closing the old yamen
and establishing a new government staffed with young, educated people. In 1934, he was named a member of the Nanjing government's Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee
. Imperial Japanese Army general Kenji Doihara
was known to have paid a visit to him, leading to suspicions regarding his loyalty. In March 1938, fearing that Darijaya planned to defect to the Japanese, Ma Hongkui
had him detained and brought to Yinchuan on the pretext of ensuring his safety. He and his wife would be held under house arrest
for more than six years. He returned to his banner in August 1944, and took up a position on the Kuomintang
's 8th Central Committee.
However in August of the following year, he broke away from the KMT government in August 1949, and officially announced his allegiance to the new Communist government on 23 September. He continued in politics, rising to the position of vice-chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under chairman Ulanhu
and head of Bayan Nur
League in 1956, while also maintaining his position as the head of Alxa Banner. However, when the Cultural Revolution
began, Red Guards
attacked his family and destroyed his house and ancestral tombs. He went to Beijing
seeking the help of Zhou Enlai
. but Red Guards forced him to return to Inner Mongolia and subjected him to numerous struggle sessions. He died in one such session on 8 November 1968.
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
n nobleman of Alxa League
Alxa League
Alxa League is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and three extant leagues of Inner Mongolia. The league borders Mongolia to the north, Bayan Nur to the northeast, Wuhai and Ordos to the east, Ningxia to the southeast, and Gansu to the south and west. The capital is Bayan Hot in the aimag's...
and a politician under the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
and People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
governments.
Names
Darijaya's Mongolian name was transcribed into Chinese characters as . He was known for short as Prince Ta (達王). He also used the ChineseChinese name
Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Most noticeably, a Chinese name is written with the family name first and the given name next, therefore "John-Paul Smith" as a Chinese name would be "Smith John-Paul"...
courtesy name Ruì Sūn (銳蓀).
Life
A member of the BorjiginBorjigin
Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors....
clan, Darijaya was a descendant of Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
's younger brother Hasar. He was a prince of Alxa League
Alxa League
Alxa League is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and three extant leagues of Inner Mongolia. The league borders Mongolia to the north, Bayan Nur to the northeast, Wuhai and Ordos to the east, Ningxia to the southeast, and Gansu to the south and west. The capital is Bayan Hot in the aimag's...
, then administered by Ningxia
Ningxia
Ningxia, formerly transliterated as Ningsia, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Located in Northwest China, on the Loess Plateau, the Yellow River flows through this vast area of land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary...
. In 1925, he married Jin Yuncheng (金允誠), a member of the Manchu Aisin Gioro
Aisin Gioro
Aisin Gioro was the family name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing Dynasty. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which established a republican government in its place. The word aisin means gold in the Manchu language, and "gioro" is the name of the place in...
clan, daughter of Zaitao and cousin of Puyi
Puyi
Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
. In 1931, upon the death of his father, he was named jasagh
Jasagh
A jasagh was the head of a Mongol banner or khoshun during the Qing Dynasty and Boghda Khaanate of Mongolia. The term is rendered "zhasake" in contemporary Chinese documents. The position was held by hereditary succession by certain Mongol princes, most of whom were descendants of Genghis Khan...
of Alxa Banner. In his new position he carried out various reforms, including closing the old yamen
Yamen
A yamen is any local bureaucrat's, or mandarin's, office and residence of the Chinese Empire. The term has been widely used in China for centuries, but appeared in English during the Qing Dynasty....
and establishing a new government staffed with young, educated people. In 1934, he was named a member of the Nanjing government's Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee
Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee
The Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee , also referred to as the Pailingmiao Council or Peilingmiao Council, was a political body of ethnic Mongols in the Republic of China...
. Imperial Japanese Army general Kenji Doihara
Kenji Doihara
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. He was instrumental in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria for which he earned fame taking the nickname 'Lawrence of Manchuria', a reference to the Lawrence of Arabia....
was known to have paid a visit to him, leading to suspicions regarding his loyalty. In March 1938, fearing that Darijaya planned to defect to the Japanese, Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui , was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Ningxia. His rank was Lieutenant-general. His courtesy name was Shao-yun .- Life :...
had him detained and brought to Yinchuan on the pretext of ensuring his safety. He and his wife would be held under house arrest
House arrest
In justice and law, house arrest is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or her residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all...
for more than six years. He returned to his banner in August 1944, and took up a position on the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
's 8th Central Committee.
However in August of the following year, he broke away from the KMT government in August 1949, and officially announced his allegiance to the new Communist government on 23 September. He continued in politics, rising to the position of vice-chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under chairman Ulanhu
Ulanhu
Ulanhu was the founder of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, Ulanhu had the nickname of "Mongolian Khan" during his political career.-Career:...
and head of Bayan Nur
Bayan Nur
Bayannur is a prefecture-level city in western Inner Mongolia. Until December 1, 2003, the area was called the Bayannur league.Bayannur city has an area of 65,788 km². It borders Mongolia to the north, Alxa to the west, Ordos to the south and Baotou to the east...
League in 1956, while also maintaining his position as the head of Alxa Banner. However, when the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
began, Red Guards
Red Guards (China)
Red Guards were a mass movement of civilians, mostly students and other young people in the People's Republic of China , who were mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution.-Origins:...
attacked his family and destroyed his house and ancestral tombs. He went to Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
seeking the help of Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
. but Red Guards forced him to return to Inner Mongolia and subjected him to numerous struggle sessions. He died in one such session on 8 November 1968.