Darwin — Wedgwood family
Encyclopedia
The Darwin–Wedgwood family is actually two interrelated English
families, descended from the prominent 18th century doctor, Erasmus Darwin
, and Josiah Wedgwood
, founder of the pottery firm, Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, the most notable member of which was Charles Darwin
. The family contained at least ten Fellow
s of the Royal Society
and several artists and poets (including the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams
). Presented below are brief biographical sketches and genealogical information with links to articles on the members. The individuals are listed by year of birth and grouped into generations. The relationship to Francis Galton
and his immediate ancestors is also given. Note the tree below does not include all descendants or even all prominent descendants.
The family is distantly linked to William Wedgwood Benn's family of Labour Party
politicians (namely himself plus son Tony
, grandson Hilary
, and great-granddaughter Emily Benn
) through Josiah Wedgwood's great-great uncle Aaron. It is linked to the intellectual Huxley family
through Andrew Huxley
's marriage to Jocelyn Richenda Gammell Pease, granddaughter of Josiah Wedgwood IV and by the marriage of Angela Huxley, great granddaughter of Thomas Huxley, to George Darwin, great grandson of Charles Darwin.
Josiah Wedgwood
(1730–1795) was a noted potter
and a friend of Erasmus Darwin
. In 1780, on the death of his long-time business partner Thomas Bentley
, Josiah turned to his friend for help in running the business. As a result of the close association that grew up between the Wedgwood and Darwin families, one of Josiah's daughters later married Erasmus's son Robert. One of the children of that marriage, Charles Darwin
, also married a Wedgwood — Emma, Josiah's granddaughter. Robert's inheritance of Josiah's money enabled him to fund Charles Darwin's chosen vocation in natural history
that led to the inception of Darwin's theory
of evolution
. Subsequently Emma's inheritance made the Darwins a wealthy family.
Josiah Wedgwood married Sarah Wedgwood (1734–1815), and they had seven children, including:
Erasmus Darwin
(1731–1802) was a physician
, botanist and poet
from Lichfield, whose lengthy botanical poems gave insights into medicine and natural history
, and outlined an evolutionist
theory that anticipated both Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
and his grandson Charles. He married twice, first in 1757 to Mary Howard (1740–1770), who died from alcohol
-induced liver failure
aged 31. She gave birth to:
He then had an extra-marital affair with a Miss Parker, producing two daughters:
He then became smitten with Elizabeth Collier Sacheveral-Pole, who was married to Colonel Sacheveral-Pole and was the natural daughter of the Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore
. Sacheveral-Pole died shortly afterwards, and Erasmus married Elizabeth and they bore an additional seven children:
, Robert Darwin
was a noted physician from Shrewsbury
, whose own income as a physician to the rich together with astute investment of his inherited wealth enabled him to fund his son Charles Darwin
's place on the Voyage of the Beagle
and then give him the private income needed to support Charles' chosen vocation in natural history
that led to the inception of Darwin's theory
of evolution
. He married Susannah Wedgwood, daughter of Josiah Wedgwood
(see above), and they had the following children.
Josiah Wedgwood
(1769 – 1843) was the son of the first Josiah Wedgwood
, and Member of Parliament
for Stoke-on-Trent
. He married Elizabeth Allen (1764–1846) and they had seven children:
(1771–1805). Pioneer in developing photography. Son of Josiah Wedgwood
.
Samuel Tertius Galton
married Frances Anne Violetta Darwin, (1783–1874) daughter of Erasmus Darwin, see above. They had three sons and four daughters including:
Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin
was the son of Erasmus Darwin
and Elizabeth (née Collier), daughter of Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore
. Francis was an accomplished travel writer, explorer and naturalist and bravely studied the ravages of the plague on Smyrna
at great personal risk. He was the only one to return of his friends who set out for the East. A physician to George III, he was knighted by George IV
.
On 16 December 1815 he married Jane Harriet Ryle (11 December 1794 - 19 April 1866) - at St. George, Hanover Square London. They had many children including:
The most prominent member of the family, Charles Darwin
, proposed the first coherent theory of evolution
by means of natural
and sexual selection
.
Charles Robert Darwin was a son of Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood. He married Emma Wedgwood, a daughter of Josiah Wedgwood II
and Elizabeth Allen. Charles's mother, Susannah, was a sister to Emma's father, Josiah II. Thus, Charles and Emma were first cousins. Because of intermarriages in earlier generations, they were also related in other ways.
The Darwins had several children, three of whom died before reaching maturity.
FRS (1822–1911) made important contributions to statistics
and is known as the father of eugenics
. He married Louisa Jane Butler, but they had no children.
The Rev. William Darwin Fox
(1805–1880) was a second cousin of Charles Darwin and an amateur entomologist, naturalist and palaeontologist. Fox became a life-long friend of Charles Darwin following their first meeting at Christ's College, Cambridge. He married Harriet Fletcher, who gave him five children, and following her death married Ellen Sophia Woodd, who provided the remainder of his 17 children.
Following his graduation from Cambridge in 1829, Fox was appointed as the Vicar of Osmaston
and in 1838 became the Rector of Delamere
, a living he retained until his retirement in 1873.
(1850–1943) was variously an army officer, Member of Parliament
and eugenicist
who corresponded with Ronald Fisher
, thus being the link between the two great evolutionary biologists.
(1848–1925) was the botanist son of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin (née Wedgwood). Francis Darwin married Amy Ruck in 1874, who died in 1876 after the birth of their son Bernard Darwin
, an author on golf
- see below. Francis married Ellen Crofts in September 1883 and they had a daughter Frances Crofts, who married and became known as the poet Frances Cornford
(see below). In 1913 he married his third wife Florence Henrietta Darwin
(née Fisher); there were no children of this marriage.
(1851–1928) had the following children:
1887-1962 was the son of George Howard Darwin (see above) and was a noted physicist of the age, and Director of the National Physics Laboratory. His son George Pember Darwin (1928–2001) married Angela Huxley, great granddaughter of Thomas Huxley.
(née Darwin) (1885–1957) was the daughter of George Howard Darwin and was an artist. She married the French artist Jacques Raverat
in 1911 and had daughters Elizabeth Hambro and Sophie Pryor. Her dryly amusing childhood memoir, Period Piece
, contains illustrations of and anecdotes about many of the Darwin — Wedgwood clan.
, brother of the well-known economist John Maynard Keynes
(see Keynes family
) and had sons Richard Keynes
, Quentin Keynes
, Milo Keynes
and Stephen Keynes
.
(1876–1961) was a golf writer. He married Elinor Monsell (died 1954) in 1906, and they had a son Robert Vere Darwin (see below), and a daughter Ursula Mommens
.
(née Darwin). Poet, daughter of Francis Darwin, see above.
(1872–1958), British composer. His maternal grandmother, Caroline Sarah Darwin, was Charles Darwin
's older sister, and his maternal grandfather, Josiah Wedgwood III
, was the older brother of Darwin's wife Emma
.
(see above), married Sir Alan Barlow
. She also edited the Autobiography of Charles Darwin (ISBN 0393310698 (hardback) and ISBN 0393004872 (paperback)). They had the following children:
(1872–1943), great-great-grandson of Josiah Wedgwood I, was a Liberal
and Labour
MP
, and served in the military during the Second Boer War
and the First World War
. He was raised to the peerage
in 1942.
, was a successful naval officer in the First World War.
under King Edward VII before World War I. He retired from the Royal Navy
after the First World War but was recalled during World War II
, when he was commandant of a training school for WRENS (members of the Women's Royal Naval Service
). He married Kathleen, daughter of Simon Mangan
of Dunboyne Castle
, Lord Lieutenant of Meath
and a first cousin of Brig Gen Paul Kenna, VC
, and had three children.
(1915–2005) was a psychiatrist, physiologist and businessman. Son of Nora Barlow.
(b. 1921) was Professor of Physiology, Berkeley, California, USA; Royal Society Research Professor, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge (1973–87).
(1910–1974) was an artist. He is the son of Bernard Darwin, see above.
(1921–2003) was a bibliophile and explorer. Son of Margaret Keynes, née Darwin, see above.
(1911–2006) was a RAF
bomber pilot during the Second War (known as Nicolas Tindal). Son of Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley.
(1901–1955), Anthropologist, was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood
(see above).
(b. 1953) is a mathematician; son of Andrew Dalmahoy Barlow.
(b.1944) is a sculptor and art academic; daughter of Erasmus Darwin Barlow
.
(b. 1950), screenwriter, author, grandson of Frances Cornford see above.
(b. 1961), conservationist and adventurer, son of George Erasmus Darwin, see above, and brother of Sarah Darwin, see below.
(b.1964), novelist, granddaughter of Charles Galton Darwin, see above.
(b.1964), botanist, daughter of George Erasmus Darwin, see above, and sister of Chris Darwin, see above.
(b.1948), conservationist and author, son of Richard Keynes, see above.
(b.1952), Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon
in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic at Cambridge University, son of Richard Keynes, see above, and brother of Randal Keynes, see above.
(1947–2007) was an obituaries editor for the Daily Telegraph
, a journalist and the author of many books on genealogy and architectural history. He was the great great grandson of Charlotte Langton (née Wedgwood), sister of Emma Darwin (Charles Darwin's wife) and granddaughter of Josiah Wedgwood I.
(b.1946), Poet, granddaughter of Sir Alan and Lady (Nora) Barlow (née Darwin), see above.
(1922–2004), physicist, Director of Culham Laboratory for Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion
(1968–1981), head of the British chapter of Pugwash
, grandson of the fourth Josiah Wedgwood (see above). His sister, Jocelyn Richenda 'Chenda' Gammell Pease (1925–2003), married Andrew Huxley
.
(b.1945), memoirist, entrepreneur, screenwriter, grandson of Gwen Raverat
(née Darwin), see above.
(née Darwin), see above.
(b.1991), actor, played "Edmund" in The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)
, son of Randal Keynes, see above.
married his third cousin Sarah Wedgwood; Charles Darwin married his first cousin Emma Wedgwood; his sister, Caroline Darwin, married Emma's brother (and Caroline's first cousin), Josiah Wedgwood III. There were other instances of cousin marriage both up and down the family tree. Cousin marriage
was not uncommon in Britain during the 19th century though why is debated: poorer communications, keeping wealth within the family, more opportunity of evaluating a relative of the opposite sex as a suitable marriage partner (unmarried young women of the upper and upper middle classes were closely chaperoned when meeting men outside the family in the 19th century), more security for the woman as she would not be leaving her family (though legal rights for married women increased during the century, as a rule her property became his and she had little legal recourse if he chose to abuse her).
.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
families, descended from the prominent 18th century doctor, Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave trade abolitionist,inventor and poet...
, and Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
, founder of the pottery firm, Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, the most notable member of which was Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
. The family contained at least ten Fellow
Fellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...
s of the Royal Society
Royal Society
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...
and several artists and poets (including the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Ralph Vaughan Williams OM was an English composer of symphonies, chamber music, opera, choral music, and film scores. He was also a collector of English folk music and song: this activity both influenced his editorial approach to the English Hymnal, beginning in 1904, in which he included many...
). Presented below are brief biographical sketches and genealogical information with links to articles on the members. The individuals are listed by year of birth and grouped into generations. The relationship to Francis Galton
Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton /ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈgɔːltn̩/ FRS , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician...
and his immediate ancestors is also given. Note the tree below does not include all descendants or even all prominent descendants.
The family is distantly linked to William Wedgwood Benn's family of Labour Party
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
politicians (namely himself plus son Tony
Tony Benn
Anthony Neil Wedgwood "Tony" Benn, PC is a British Labour Party politician and a former MP and Cabinet Minister.His successful campaign to renounce his hereditary peerage was instrumental in the creation of the Peerage Act 1963...
, grandson Hilary
Hilary Benn
Hilary James Wedgwood Benn is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Leeds Central since 1999. He served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for International Development from 2003 to 2007 and as the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs...
, and great-granddaughter Emily Benn
Emily Benn
Emily Sophia Wedgwood Benn is the eldest child and only daughter of Stephen Benn and Nita Clarke . Four generations of her family have served as Members of Parliament — her uncle Hilary Benn, grandfather Tony Benn, great-grandfather William Wedgwood Benn, and great-great-grandfathers John...
) through Josiah Wedgwood's great-great uncle Aaron. It is linked to the intellectual Huxley family
Huxley family
The Huxley family is a British family of which several members have excelled in scientific, medical, artistic, and literary fields. The family also includes members who occupied senior public positions in the service of the United Kingdom....
through Andrew Huxley
Andrew Huxley
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley, OM, FRS is an English physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his experimental and mathematical work with Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the basis of nerve action potentials, the electrical impulses that enable the activity...
's marriage to Jocelyn Richenda Gammell Pease, granddaughter of Josiah Wedgwood IV and by the marriage of Angela Huxley, great granddaughter of Thomas Huxley, to George Darwin, great grandson of Charles Darwin.
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
(1730–1795) was a noted potter
Pottery
Pottery is the material from which the potteryware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery . Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery...
and a friend of Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave trade abolitionist,inventor and poet...
. In 1780, on the death of his long-time business partner Thomas Bentley
Thomas Bentley (manufacturer)
Thomas Bentley was an English manufacturer of porcelain, known for his partnership with Josiah Wedgwood.-Life:He was born at Scropton, Derbyshire, on 1 January 1731. His father, Thomas Bentley, was a country gentleman of some property...
, Josiah turned to his friend for help in running the business. As a result of the close association that grew up between the Wedgwood and Darwin families, one of Josiah's daughters later married Erasmus's son Robert. One of the children of that marriage, Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
, also married a Wedgwood — Emma, Josiah's granddaughter. Robert's inheritance of Josiah's money enabled him to fund Charles Darwin's chosen vocation in natural history
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
that led to the inception of Darwin's theory
Inception of Darwin's theory
The inception of Darwin's theory occurred during an intensively busy period which began when Charles Darwin returned from the survey voyage of the Beagle, with his reputation as a fossil collector and geologist already established...
of evolution
Evolution
Evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
. Subsequently Emma's inheritance made the Darwins a wealthy family.
Josiah Wedgwood married Sarah Wedgwood (1734–1815), and they had seven children, including:
- Josiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood IIJosiah Wedgwood II , the son of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood, continued his father's firm and was Member of Parliament for Stoke-upon-Trent from 1832 to 1835...
(1769–1843) (see below) - Susannah Wedgwood (1765–1817) (later Darwin; see below)
- Thomas Wedgwood (1771-1805)Thomas Wedgwood (1771-1805)Thomas Wedgwood , son of Josiah Wedgwood, the potter, was an early experimenter with Humphry Davy in photography.-Life:...
(see below)
Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave trade abolitionist,inventor and poet...
(1731–1802) was a physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
, botanist and poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
from Lichfield, whose lengthy botanical poems gave insights into medicine and natural history
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
, and outlined an evolutionist
Evolutionism
Evolutionism refers to the biological concept of evolution, specifically to a widely held 19th century belief that organisms are intrinsically bound to increase in complexity. The belief was extended to include cultural evolution and social evolution...
theory that anticipated both Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
and his grandson Charles. He married twice, first in 1757 to Mary Howard (1740–1770), who died from alcohol
Ethanol
Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...
-induced liver failure
Liver failure
Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs of liver disease , and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage . The complications are hepatic encephalopathy and impaired protein synthesis...
aged 31. She gave birth to:
- Charles Darwin (1758-1778) (not Charles Robert Darwin)
- Erasmus Darwin the Younger (1759–1799)
- Elizabeth Darwin, 1763 (survived 4 months)
- Robert Waring Darwin (see below)
- William Alvey Darwin, (1767) (survived 19 days)
He then had an extra-marital affair with a Miss Parker, producing two daughters:
- Susanna Parker (1772–1856)
- Mary Parker (1774–1859)
Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore
Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore KT was a Scottish nobleman, known as Beau Colyear for his conspicuous dress....
. Sacheveral-Pole died shortly afterwards, and Erasmus married Elizabeth and they bore an additional seven children:
- Edward Darwin, (1782–1829)
- Frances Anne Violetta Darwin, (1783–1874); married Samuel Tertius GaltonSamuel Tertius GaltonSamuel Tertius Galton was a businessman and scientist.-Life:He was the son of Samuel "John" Galton, a prominent member of the scientific Lunar Society, and the father of Francis Galton the eminent Victorian scientist. He born in the area of Duddeston in Birmingham...
; mother of Francis GaltonFrancis GaltonSir Francis Galton /ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈgɔːltn̩/ FRS , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician...
(see below) - Emma Georgina Elizabeth Darwin (born 1784)
- Sir Francis Sacheverel DarwinFrancis Sacheverel DarwinSir Francis Sacheverel Darwin was a physician and traveller who was knighted by King George IV.- Early life :...
(1786–1859) - John Darwin (1787–1865)
- Henry Darwin (born 1789)
- Harriot Darwin (1790–1825); later Harriott Maling.
Samuel "John" Galton
Samuel "John" Galton FRS (1753–1832) was an arms manufacturer from Birmingham.Robert Darwin
The son of Erasmus DarwinErasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave trade abolitionist,inventor and poet...
, Robert Darwin
Robert Darwin
Dr Robert Waring Darwin, F.R.S. was an English medical doctor, who today is best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin. He was a member of the influential Darwin-Wedgwood family.-Biography:...
was a noted physician from Shrewsbury
Shrewsbury
Shrewsbury is the county town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England. Lying on the River Severn, it is a civil parish home to some 70,000 inhabitants, and is the primary settlement and headquarters of Shropshire Council...
, whose own income as a physician to the rich together with astute investment of his inherited wealth enabled him to fund his son Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
's place on the Voyage of the Beagle
The Voyage of the Beagle
The Voyage of the Beagle is a title commonly given to the book written by Charles Darwin and published in 1839 as his Journal and Remarks, bringing him considerable fame and respect...
and then give him the private income needed to support Charles' chosen vocation in natural history
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
that led to the inception of Darwin's theory
Inception of Darwin's theory
The inception of Darwin's theory occurred during an intensively busy period which began when Charles Darwin returned from the survey voyage of the Beagle, with his reputation as a fossil collector and geologist already established...
of evolution
Evolution
Evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
. He married Susannah Wedgwood, daughter of Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
(see above), and they had the following children.
- Marianne Darwin (1798-?), married Henry ParkerHenry ParkerSir Henry Watson Parker, KCMG was Premier of New South Wales. He fitted into colonial society and politics in the pre-responsible government era, but his style was not suited to the democratic politics that began to develop in 1856.-Biography:Parker was the son of Thomas Watson Parker of Lewisham,...
(1788–1858) in 1824. - Caroline Sarah Darwin (1800–1888), married Josiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood IIIJosiah "Joe" Wedgwood III , a grandson of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood.Wedgwood was the eldest son of Josiah Wedgwood II and his wife Elizabeth Allen...
(grandson of the first Josiah WedgwoodJosiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
) - Susan Elizabeth Darwin (1803–1866)
- Erasmus Alvey DarwinErasmus Alvey DarwinErasmus Alvey Darwin , nicknamed Eras or Ras, was the older brother of Charles Darwin, born five years earlier, and also brought up at the family home, The Mount House, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England...
(1804–1881) - Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882) (see below)
- Emily Catherine Darwin (1810–1866), was Charles Langton's second wife
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood II
Josiah Wedgwood II , the son of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood, continued his father's firm and was Member of Parliament for Stoke-upon-Trent from 1832 to 1835...
(1769 – 1843) was the son of the first Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
, and Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent , also called The Potteries is a city in Staffordshire, England, which forms a linear conurbation almost 12 miles long, with an area of . Together with the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme Stoke forms The Potteries Urban Area...
. He married Elizabeth Allen (1764–1846) and they had seven children:
- Josiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood IIIJosiah "Joe" Wedgwood III , a grandson of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood.Wedgwood was the eldest son of Josiah Wedgwood II and his wife Elizabeth Allen...
; (1795 – 1880) married Caroline Darwin, daughter of Robert DarwinRobert DarwinDr Robert Waring Darwin, F.R.S. was an English medical doctor, who today is best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin. He was a member of the influential Darwin-Wedgwood family.-Biography:...
and Susannah Wedgwood. They are grandparents of Ralph Vaughan WilliamsRalph Vaughan WilliamsRalph Vaughan Williams OM was an English composer of symphonies, chamber music, opera, choral music, and film scores. He was also a collector of English folk music and song: this activity both influenced his editorial approach to the English Hymnal, beginning in 1904, in which he included many...
. - Henry Allen WedgwoodHenry Allen WedgwoodHenry Allen "Harry" Wedgwood was an English barrister.Wedgwood was the third child and second son of Josiah Wedgwood II and his wife Elizabeth Allen...
(1799–1885) - Francis Wedgwood (1800–1880); married April 26, 1832 at Rolleston on DoveRolleston on DoveRolleston on Dove, also known simply as Rolleston, is a village in Staffordshire, England near Burton upon Trent. It is probably best known for its one-time resident Sir Oswald Mosley, the founder of the British Union of Fascists. His coat of arms are still displayed in the local working men's club...
, Staffordshire Frances Mosley daughter of Rev. John Peploe Mosley and Sarah Maria Paget and granddaughter of Sir John Parker Mosley and Elizabeth Bayley; and was the grandfather of Josiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron WedgwoodColonel Josiah Clement Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood, DSO, PC, DL sometimes referred to as Josiah Wedgwood IV was a British Liberal and Labour politician who served in government under Ramsay MacDonald...
and great-grandfather of CV Wedgwood and Camilla WedgwoodCamilla WedgwoodThe Hon. Camilla Hildegarde Wedgwood was a British anthropologist best known for research in the Pacific and her pioneering role as one of the British Commonwealth's first female anthropologists.- Biography :... - Hensleigh WedgwoodHensleigh WedgwoodHensleigh Wedgwood was a British etymologist, philologist and barrister, author of A Dictionary of English Etymology. Wedgwood was the fourth son of Josiah Wedgwood II and Elizabeth Allen...
(1803–1891), etymologist, philologist and barristerBarristerA barrister is a member of one of the two classes of lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions with split legal professions. Barristers specialise in courtroom advocacy, drafting legal pleadings and giving expert legal opinions...
, author of A Dictionary of English Etymology father of Frances Julia WedgwoodFrances Julia WedgwoodFrances Julia "Snow" Wedgwood was an English feminist novelist, biographer, historian and literary critic. She was "a young woman of extreme passions and fastidious principles" Frances Julia "Snow" Wedgwood (9 July 1833-26 November 1913) was an English feminist novelist, biographer, historian and...
(1833–1913), and grandfather of Bishop J. I. Wedgwood. - Charlotte Wedgwood (1797–1862) was Charles Langton's first wife, after her death he married her cousin, Emily Catherine Darwin. She is the ancestors of Hugh Massingberd, see below.
- Fanny Wedgwood; died unmarried in August 1832.
- Emma WedgwoodEmma DarwinEmma Darwin was the wife and first cousin of Charles Darwin, the English naturalist, scientist and author of On the Origin of Species...
(1808–1896); married Charles DarwinCharles DarwinCharles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
, son of Robert DarwinRobert DarwinDr Robert Waring Darwin, F.R.S. was an English medical doctor, who today is best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin. He was a member of the influential Darwin-Wedgwood family.-Biography:...
and Susannah Wedgwood.
Thomas Wedgwood
Thomas WedgwoodThomas Wedgwood (1771-1805)
Thomas Wedgwood , son of Josiah Wedgwood, the potter, was an early experimenter with Humphry Davy in photography.-Life:...
(1771–1805). Pioneer in developing photography. Son of Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
.
Samuel Tertius Galton
Samuel Tertius Galton
Samuel Tertius Galton was a businessman and scientist.-Life:He was the son of Samuel "John" Galton, a prominent member of the scientific Lunar Society, and the father of Francis Galton the eminent Victorian scientist. He born in the area of Duddeston in Birmingham...
married Frances Anne Violetta Darwin, (1783–1874) daughter of Erasmus Darwin, see above. They had three sons and four daughters including:
- Erasmus Galton (1815–1909), Lord of the ManorLord of the ManorThe Lordship of a Manor is recognised today in England and Wales as a form of property and one of three elements of a manor that may exist separately or be combined and may be held in moieties...
of LoxtonLoxton, North SomersetLoxton is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is close to the M5 motorway in the Unitary Authority of North Somerset. The parish includes the village of Christon and has a population of 202.-History:... - Francis GaltonFrancis GaltonSir Francis Galton /ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈgɔːltn̩/ FRS , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician...
(1822–1911) (see below)
Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin
Francis Sacheverel Darwin
Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin was a physician and traveller who was knighted by King George IV.- Early life :...
was the son of Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave trade abolitionist,inventor and poet...
and Elizabeth (née Collier), daughter of Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore
Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore
Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore KT was a Scottish nobleman, known as Beau Colyear for his conspicuous dress....
. Francis was an accomplished travel writer, explorer and naturalist and bravely studied the ravages of the plague on Smyrna
Smyrna
Smyrna was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Thanks to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The ancient city is located at two sites within modern İzmir, Turkey...
at great personal risk. He was the only one to return of his friends who set out for the East. A physician to George III, he was knighted by George IV
George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...
.
On 16 December 1815 he married Jane Harriet Ryle (11 December 1794 - 19 April 1866) - at St. George, Hanover Square London. They had many children including:
- Mary Jane Darwin (12 February 1817 -1872), married Charles Carill-Worsley of Platt Hall, near Manchester, in 1840. (Their daughter, Elizabeth, who married Nicolas Tindal, later Tindal-Carill-Worsley, was the mother of Charles and Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley - see under 5th Generation)
- Frances Sarah Darwin (19 July 1822-1881), married Gustavus Barton in 1845, widowed 1846 and remarried to Marcus Huish in 1849. She is the stepmother of the art dealer Marcus Bourne HuishMarcus Bourne HuishMarcus Bourne Huish was a British barrister, writer and art dealer.He was the son of Marcus Huish of Castle Donington and his wife Margaret Jane Bourne...
- Edward Levett DarwinEdward Levett DarwinCapt. Edward Levett Darwin , author under the pen-name High Elms of Gameskeeper's Manual, a guide for gamekeepers on large estates which shows keen observation of the habits of various animals....
(12 April 1821 –23 April 1901), married Harriett Jessopp in 1850. A solicitor in Matlock BathMatlock BathMatlock Bath is a village south of Matlock in Derbyshire, England. Built along the River Derwent, it developed, in the 19th century, as a spa town and still thrives on tourism.-History:In 1698 warm springs were discovered and a Bath House was built...
, DerbyshireDerbyshireDerbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains. The county contains within its boundary of approx...
, Edward Levett Darwin was the author under the pen name "High Elms" of Gameskeeper's Manual, a guide for tending game on large estates which shows keen observation of the habits of various animals.
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
, proposed the first coherent theory of evolution
Evolution
Evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
by means of natural
Natural selection
Natural selection is the nonrandom process by which biologic traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution....
and sexual selection
Sexual selection
Sexual selection, a concept introduced by Charles Darwin in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, is a significant element of his theory of natural selection...
.
Charles Robert Darwin was a son of Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood. He married Emma Wedgwood, a daughter of Josiah Wedgwood II
Josiah Wedgwood II
Josiah Wedgwood II , the son of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood, continued his father's firm and was Member of Parliament for Stoke-upon-Trent from 1832 to 1835...
and Elizabeth Allen. Charles's mother, Susannah, was a sister to Emma's father, Josiah II. Thus, Charles and Emma were first cousins. Because of intermarriages in earlier generations, they were also related in other ways.
The Darwins had several children, three of whom died before reaching maturity.
- William Erasmus DarwinWilliam Erasmus DarwinWilliam Erasmus Darwin was the first-born son of Charles and Emma Darwin, and the subject of psychological studies by his father. He was educated at Rugby School and Christ's College Cambridge, and later became a banker at Grant and Maddison's Union Banking Company in Southampton. In 1877 he...
(27 December 1839 - 1914); graduate of Christ's CollegeChrist's College, CambridgeChrist's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.With a reputation for high academic standards, Christ's College averaged top place in the Tompkins Table from 1980-2000 . In 2011, Christ's was placed sixth.-College history:...
CambridgeUniversity of CambridgeThe University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
, he was a banker in SouthamptonSouthamptonSouthampton is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest...
. He married the New YorkerNew York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
Sara Ashburner (-1902), but they had no children.
- Anne Elizabeth DarwinAnne DarwinAnne Elizabeth "Annie" Darwin was the second child and eldest daughter of Charles and Emma Darwin. According to biographers, she was a delightful child who brought much happiness to her parents. Eminent Darwin scholar E...
(1841–1851) died in Great MalvernGreat MalvernGreat Malvern is an area of Malvern, Worcestershire, England. It is the historical centre of the town, and the location of the headquarters buildings of the of Malvern Town Council, the governing body of the Malvern civil parish, and Malvern Hills District council of the county of...
aged ten and her death caused her father much pain.
- Mary Eleanor Darwin (23 September 1842 - 16 October 1842) died as a baby.
- Henrietta Emma "Etty" DarwinEtty DarwinHenrietta Emma "Etty" Darwin, was a daughter of Charles Darwin and his wife Emma Wedgwood.Etty was born in Down House, Downe in 1843. She was Darwin's third daughter and the eldest daughter to reach adulthood after the eldest Annie died aged 10, and second daughter Mary died before becoming a...
(25 September 1843 - 1929); although she married Richard Litchfield in 1871, the couple never had any children. Etty Darwin edited her mother's private papers (published in 1904) and assisted her father with his work.
- George Howard Darwin (1845–1912) (see below)
- Elizabeth (Bessy) Darwin (8 July 1847–1926); never married and had no descendants.
- Leonard DarwinLeonard DarwinMajor Leonard Darwin , a son of the English naturalist Charles Darwin, was variously a soldier, politician, economist, eugenicist and mentor of the statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher.- Biography :...
(1850–1943) (see below)
- Francis DarwinFrancis DarwinSir Francis "Frank" Darwin, FRS , a son of the British naturalist and scientist Charles Darwin, followed his father into botany.-Biography:Francis Darwin was born in Down House, Downe, Kent in 1848...
(1848–1925) (see below)
- Horace DarwinHorace DarwinSir Horace Darwin, KBE, FRS , a son of the English naturalist Charles Darwin, was a civil engineer.Darwin was born in Down House in 1851, the fifth son and ninth child of the British naturalist Charles Darwin and his wife Emma, the youngest of their seven children that survived to adulthood.He was...
(1851–1928) (see below)
- Charles Waring DarwinCharles Waring DarwinCharles Waring Darwin, who died when he was 18 months old , was the last of the children of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin, their tenth child and sixth son. He was born and died at the family home of Down House in Kent....
(6 December 1856 - 28 June 1858) was the tenth child and sixth son of CharlesCharles DarwinCharles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
and Emma DarwinEmma DarwinEmma Darwin was the wife and first cousin of Charles Darwin, the English naturalist, scientist and author of On the Origin of Species...
. His early death from scarlet feverScarlet feverScarlet fever is a disease caused by exotoxin released by Streptococcus pyogenes. Once a major cause of death, it is now effectively treated with antibiotics...
kept Charles Darwin from attending the first publication of Darwin's theoryPublication of Darwin's theoryThe publication of Darwin's theory brought into the open Charles Darwin's ideas of evolution through natural selection, the culmination of more than twenty years of work....
at the joint reading of papers by Alfred Russel WallaceAlfred Russel WallaceAlfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist...
and himself at the meeting of the Linnean SocietyLinnean Society of LondonThe Linnean Society of London is the world's premier society for the study and dissemination of taxonomy and natural history. It publishes a zoological journal, as well as botanical and biological journals...
on 1 July 1858. Wallace was not present either - he was on an expedition.
Francis Galton
Sir Francis GaltonFrancis Galton
Sir Francis Galton /ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈgɔːltn̩/ FRS , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician...
FRS (1822–1911) made important contributions to statistics
Statistics
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments....
and is known as the father of eugenics
Eugenics
Eugenics is the "applied science or the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population", usually referring to human populations. The origins of the concept of eugenics began with certain interpretations of Mendelian inheritance,...
. He married Louisa Jane Butler, but they had no children.
William Darwin Fox
William Darwin Fox
The Reverend William Darwin Fox was an English clergyman, naturalist, and a 2nd cousin of Charles Robert Darwin.- Early life :...
(1805–1880) was a second cousin of Charles Darwin and an amateur entomologist, naturalist and palaeontologist. Fox became a life-long friend of Charles Darwin following their first meeting at Christ's College, Cambridge. He married Harriet Fletcher, who gave him five children, and following her death married Ellen Sophia Woodd, who provided the remainder of his 17 children.
Following his graduation from Cambridge in 1829, Fox was appointed as the Vicar of Osmaston
Osmaston, Derby
Osmaston is a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is situated about 4 km south of the city centre, it is written in the Domesday Book as Osmundestune. In 1307 the manor of Osmaston was granted to Robert Holland. It was the location of Osmaston Hall the residence of the Wilmots Baronets...
and in 1838 became the Rector of Delamere
Delamere, Cheshire
thumb|right|200px|Map of civil parish of Delamere within the former borough of Vale RoyalDelamere is a civil parish and village in Cheshire. It is situated approximately 7 miles to the west of Northwich, within the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester.The village is well-known for the...
, a living he retained until his retirement in 1873.
George Howard Darwin
George Howard Darwin (1845–1912) was an astronomer and mathematician. He married Martha (Maud) du Puy of Philadelphia. They had four children:- Charles Galton DarwinCharles Galton DarwinSir Charles Galton Darwin, KBE, MC, FRS was an English physicist, the grandson of Charles Darwin. He served as director of the National Physical Laboratory during the Second World War.-Early life:...
(see below) - William Robert Darwin (married Sarah Monica Slingsby)
- Gwendoline "Gwen" Darwin, artist; (see below)
- Margaret Elizabeth (married Geoffrey KeynesGeoffrey KeynesSir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes was an English biographer, surgeon, physician, scholar and bibliophile...
, bibliophile) (see below)
Leonard Darwin
Leonard DarwinLeonard Darwin
Major Leonard Darwin , a son of the English naturalist Charles Darwin, was variously a soldier, politician, economist, eugenicist and mentor of the statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher.- Biography :...
(1850–1943) was variously an army officer, Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
and eugenicist
Eugenics
Eugenics is the "applied science or the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population", usually referring to human populations. The origins of the concept of eugenics began with certain interpretations of Mendelian inheritance,...
who corresponded with Ronald Fisher
Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, eugenicist and geneticist. Among other things, Fisher is well known for his contributions to statistics by creating Fisher's exact test and Fisher's equation...
, thus being the link between the two great evolutionary biologists.
Francis Darwin
Francis DarwinFrancis Darwin
Sir Francis "Frank" Darwin, FRS , a son of the British naturalist and scientist Charles Darwin, followed his father into botany.-Biography:Francis Darwin was born in Down House, Downe, Kent in 1848...
(1848–1925) was the botanist son of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin (née Wedgwood). Francis Darwin married Amy Ruck in 1874, who died in 1876 after the birth of their son Bernard Darwin
Bernard Darwin
Bernard Richard Meirion Darwin CBE JP a grandson of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, was a golf writer and high-standard amateur golfer. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.-Biography:...
, an author on golf
Golf
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes....
- see below. Francis married Ellen Crofts in September 1883 and they had a daughter Frances Crofts, who married and became known as the poet Frances Cornford
Frances Cornford
Frances Crofts Cornford was an English poet.She was the daughter of the botanist Francis Darwin and Ellen Crofts, born into the Darwin — Wedgwood family. She was a granddaughter of the British naturalist Charles Darwin. Her elder half-brother was the golf writer Bernard Darwin...
(see below). In 1913 he married his third wife Florence Henrietta Darwin
Florence Henrietta Darwin
Florence Henrietta, Lady Darwin, , was an English playwright.Florence Henrietta Fisher was born in Kensington, London, the daughter of Herbert William Fisher , author of Considerations on the Origin of the American War and his wife Mary Louisa Jackson...
(née Fisher); there were no children of this marriage.
Horace Darwin
Horace DarwinHorace Darwin
Sir Horace Darwin, KBE, FRS , a son of the English naturalist Charles Darwin, was a civil engineer.Darwin was born in Down House in 1851, the fifth son and ninth child of the British naturalist Charles Darwin and his wife Emma, the youngest of their seven children that survived to adulthood.He was...
(1851–1928) had the following children:
- Nora Darwin, married Sir Alan BarlowAlan BarlowSir James Alan Noel Barlow, 2nd Baronet GCB KBE FSA was a British civil servant and collector of Islamic and Chinese art.- Biography :...
(see below) - Ruth Darwin
Charles Galton Darwin
Charles Galton DarwinCharles Galton Darwin
Sir Charles Galton Darwin, KBE, MC, FRS was an English physicist, the grandson of Charles Darwin. He served as director of the National Physical Laboratory during the Second World War.-Early life:...
1887-1962 was the son of George Howard Darwin (see above) and was a noted physicist of the age, and Director of the National Physics Laboratory. His son George Pember Darwin (1928–2001) married Angela Huxley, great granddaughter of Thomas Huxley.
Gwen Raverat
Gwen RaveratGwen Raverat
Gwendolen Mary "Gwen" Raverat née Darwin was a celebrated English wood engraving artist who co-founded the Society of Wood Engravers in England.- Biography :...
(née Darwin) (1885–1957) was the daughter of George Howard Darwin and was an artist. She married the French artist Jacques Raverat
Jacques Raverat
Jacques Pierre Raverat was a French painter.He married the English painter Gwen Darwin, in 1911, the daughter of George Darwin and granddaughter of Charles Darwin. They had two daughters, Elisabeth , who married the Norwegian politician Edvard Hambro and Sophie who married the Cambridge scholar...
in 1911 and had daughters Elizabeth Hambro and Sophie Pryor. Her dryly amusing childhood memoir, Period Piece
Period Piece (book)
Period Piece: A Cambridge Childhood is an autobiographical work by Gwendoline Mary "Gwen" Raverat.Gwen Raverat was the daughter of George Howard Darwin and was an artist. She married the French artist Jacques Raverat in 1911 and had daughters Elizabeth Hambro and Sophie Pryor...
, contains illustrations of and anecdotes about many of the Darwin — Wedgwood clan.
Margaret Keynes (née Darwin)
Margaret Keynes was the daughter of George Howard Darwin, (see above). She married Geoffrey KeynesGeoffrey Keynes
Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes was an English biographer, surgeon, physician, scholar and bibliophile...
, brother of the well-known economist John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, Baron Keynes of Tilton, CB FBA , was a British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, as well as the economic policies of governments...
(see Keynes family
Keynes family
The Keynes family is a prominent English family that has included notable economists, writers, and actors.The descendants of Geoffrey Keynes , are also related to the Darwin — Wedgwood family.-Family tree of modern Keynes family:-History:...
) and had sons Richard Keynes
Richard Keynes
Richard Darwin Keynes, CBE, FRS was a British physiologist. He was a great-grandson of Charles Darwin, and edited accounts and illustrations of Darwin's famous voyage aboard the HMS Beagle into The Beagle Record: Selections From the Original Pictorial Records and Written Accounts of the Voyage of...
, Quentin Keynes
Quentin Keynes
Quentin George Keynes was a bibliophile.Keynes was born in London, the second son of Geoffrey Keynes and his wife Margaret, the daughter of George Howard Darwin who in turn was the son of Charles Darwin, making him the great-grandson of Charles Darwin . He was also the nephew of the renowned...
, Milo Keynes
Milo Keynes
William Milo Keynes, MD, FRCS was a British doctor and author.Keynes was the third son of Sir Geoffrey Keynes, and his wife Margaret Darwin, daughter of Sir George Darwin. He was a great-grandson of the naturalist Charles Darwin, and a nephew of the economist John Maynard Keynes...
and Stephen Keynes
Stephen Keynes
Stephen John Keynes OBE FLS a great-grandson of Charles Darwin, is chairman of the Charles Darwin Trust.Keynes is the fourth and only surviving son of Geoffrey Keynes and his wife Margaret Darwin, daughter of Sir George Darwin; he is also a nephew of the economist John Maynard Keynes. His...
.
Bernard Darwin
Bernard DarwinBernard Darwin
Bernard Richard Meirion Darwin CBE JP a grandson of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, was a golf writer and high-standard amateur golfer. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.-Biography:...
(1876–1961) was a golf writer. He married Elinor Monsell (died 1954) in 1906, and they had a son Robert Vere Darwin (see below), and a daughter Ursula Mommens
Ursula Mommens
Ursula Frances Elinor Mommens was a British potter. Mommens studied at the Royal College of Art, under William Staite Murray, and later worked with Michael Cardew at Winchcombe Pottery and Wenford Bridge Pottery.She was the daughter of Bernard Darwin and his wife the engraver Elinor Monsell...
.
Frances Cornford
Frances CornfordFrances Cornford
Frances Crofts Cornford was an English poet.She was the daughter of the botanist Francis Darwin and Ellen Crofts, born into the Darwin — Wedgwood family. She was a granddaughter of the British naturalist Charles Darwin. Her elder half-brother was the golf writer Bernard Darwin...
(née Darwin). Poet, daughter of Francis Darwin, see above.
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Ralph Vaughan WilliamsRalph Vaughan Williams
Ralph Vaughan Williams OM was an English composer of symphonies, chamber music, opera, choral music, and film scores. He was also a collector of English folk music and song: this activity both influenced his editorial approach to the English Hymnal, beginning in 1904, in which he included many...
(1872–1958), British composer. His maternal grandmother, Caroline Sarah Darwin, was Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
's older sister, and his maternal grandfather, Josiah Wedgwood III
Josiah Wedgwood III
Josiah "Joe" Wedgwood III , a grandson of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood.Wedgwood was the eldest son of Josiah Wedgwood II and his wife Elizabeth Allen...
, was the older brother of Darwin's wife Emma
Emma Darwin
Emma Darwin was the wife and first cousin of Charles Darwin, the English naturalist, scientist and author of On the Origin of Species...
.
Nora Barlow (née Darwin)
Nora Darwin (1885–1989), the daughter of Horace DarwinHorace Darwin
Sir Horace Darwin, KBE, FRS , a son of the English naturalist Charles Darwin, was a civil engineer.Darwin was born in Down House in 1851, the fifth son and ninth child of the British naturalist Charles Darwin and his wife Emma, the youngest of their seven children that survived to adulthood.He was...
(see above), married Sir Alan Barlow
Alan Barlow
Sir James Alan Noel Barlow, 2nd Baronet GCB KBE FSA was a British civil servant and collector of Islamic and Chinese art.- Biography :...
. She also edited the Autobiography of Charles Darwin (ISBN 0393310698 (hardback) and ISBN 0393004872 (paperback)). They had the following children:
- Sir Thomas Erasmus BarlowThomas Erasmus BarlowCommodore Sir Thomas Erasmus Barlow, 3rd Baronet DSC DL was an officer in the Royal Navy.- Biography :Barlow was the eldest son of the Sir Alan Barlow, 2nd Bt, and his wife Nora Darwin. His younger brother was the visual neuroscientist Horace Barlow...
, (23 January 1914 - 12 October 2003), Royal NavyRoyal NavyThe Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
officer. - Erasmus Darwin BarlowErasmus Darwin BarlowErasmus Darwin Barlow FRCPsych FZS was a British psychiatrist, physiologist and businessman.Born in London in 1915, he was the second son of Sir Alan Barlow, son of Sir Thomas Barlow, royal physician. His mother was Lady Nora Barlow, daughter of Sir Horace Darwin. He was a great-grandson of the...
(1915–2005) - Andrew Dalmahoy Barlow (1916–2006)
- Professor Horace Basil Barlow (born 1921) (see below)
- Hilda Horatia Barlow (b. 14 September 1919) married psychoanalyst John Hunter Padel; their daughter is the poet Ruth PadelRuth PadelRuth Sophia Padel is a British poet, Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and Zoological Society of London. She also writes non-fiction and more recently fiction, broadcasts on wildlife, poetry and literature for BBC Radio 3 and 4, and is Writer in Residence at The Environment Institute,...
(see below).
Josiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood
Josiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood
Colonel Josiah Clement Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood, DSO, PC, DL sometimes referred to as Josiah Wedgwood IV was a British Liberal and Labour politician who served in government under Ramsay MacDonald...
(1872–1943), great-great-grandson of Josiah Wedgwood I, was a Liberal
Liberal Party (UK)
The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day...
and Labour
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
MP
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
, and served in the military during the Second Boer War
Second Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...
and the First World War
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. He was raised to the peerage
Peerage
The Peerage is a legal system of largely hereditary titles in the United Kingdom, which constitute the ranks of British nobility and is part of the British honours system...
in 1942.
Charles Tindal-Carill-Worsley
Capt Charles Tindal-Carill-Worsley, RN, (d1920) a great grandson of Sir Francis Sacheverel DarwinFrancis Sacheverel Darwin
Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin was a physician and traveller who was knighted by King George IV.- Early life :...
, was a successful naval officer in the First World War.
Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley
Cmdr Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley, RN, (1886–1966), brother of Charles, naval officer and bon viveur, served in the royal yacht HMY Victoria and Albert IIIHMY Victoria and Albert III
HMY Victoria and Albert III a Royal Yacht of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. The yacht was designed by the Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy Sir William White. She was launched in 1899 but was not ready for service until 1901...
under King Edward VII before World War I. He retired from the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
after the First World War but was recalled during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, when he was commandant of a training school for WRENS (members of the Women's Royal Naval Service
Women's Royal Naval Service
The Women's Royal Naval Service was the women's branch of the Royal Navy.Members included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians and air mechanics...
). He married Kathleen, daughter of Simon Mangan
Simon Mangan
Simon Mangan was a landowner and HM Lieutenant of Meath from 1894 to 1906. A JP, he was also in business with his son-in-law Patrick Leonard in moving cattle between the west and east of Ireland....
of Dunboyne Castle
Dunboyne
Dunboyne is a town in County Meath in Ireland. For the most part, it is a dormitory town for the city of Dublin.-Location:Dunboyne is centred on the crossroads formed by the R156 regional road and the old Maynooth Road ....
, Lord Lieutenant of Meath
Lord Lieutenant of Meath
This is a list of people who served as Lord Lieutenant of County Meath, Ireland. The office was created on 23 August 1831.* Edward Bligh, 5th Earl of Darnley 28 October 1831 – 11 February 1835...
and a first cousin of Brig Gen Paul Kenna, VC
Victoria Cross
The Victoria Cross is the highest military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the armed forces of various Commonwealth countries, and previous British Empire territories....
, and had three children.
Erasmus Darwin Barlow
Erasmus Darwin BarlowErasmus Darwin Barlow
Erasmus Darwin Barlow FRCPsych FZS was a British psychiatrist, physiologist and businessman.Born in London in 1915, he was the second son of Sir Alan Barlow, son of Sir Thomas Barlow, royal physician. His mother was Lady Nora Barlow, daughter of Sir Horace Darwin. He was a great-grandson of the...
(1915–2005) was a psychiatrist, physiologist and businessman. Son of Nora Barlow.
Horace Barlow
Horace BarlowHorace Barlow
Horace Basil Barlow FRS is a British visual neuroscientist.Barlow is the son of the civil servant Sir Alan Barlow and his wife Lady Nora, , and thus the great-grandson of Charles Darwin . He earned an M.D...
(b. 1921) was Professor of Physiology, Berkeley, California, USA; Royal Society Research Professor, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge (1973–87).
George Erasmus Darwin
George Erasmus Darwin, (b. 1927) is a metallurgist. Son of William Robert Darwin, see above.Henry Galton Darwin
Henry Galton Darwin (1929–1992) was a lawyer and diplomat. Son of Charles Galton Darwin.Robin Darwin
Robert Vere "Robin" DarwinRobin Darwin
Sir Robert Vere "Robin" Darwin KCB CBE was a British artist and Rector of the Royal College of Art.He was the son of the golf writer Bernard Darwin and his wife the engraver Elinor Monsell. His sister is the potter Ursula Mommens. He was a great-grandson of the naturalist Charles Darwin...
(1910–1974) was an artist. He is the son of Bernard Darwin, see above.
Quentin Keynes
Quentin KeynesQuentin Keynes
Quentin George Keynes was a bibliophile.Keynes was born in London, the second son of Geoffrey Keynes and his wife Margaret, the daughter of George Howard Darwin who in turn was the son of Charles Darwin, making him the great-grandson of Charles Darwin . He was also the nephew of the renowned...
(1921–2003) was a bibliophile and explorer. Son of Margaret Keynes, née Darwin, see above.
Richard Keynes
Professor Richard Darwin Keynes FRS (1919–2010) was a British physiologist. Son of Margaret Keynes, née Darwin, see above.Nicolas Tindal-Carill-Worsley
Group Captain Nicolas Tindal-Carill-WorsleyNicolas Tindal-Carill-Worsley
Group Captain Nicolas Tindal-Carill-Worsley RAF , son of Cmdr Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley, RN, was a bomber pilot during the Second War and helped plan and execute the Great Escape from Stalag Luft III, where he was imprisoned between 1940 and 1945.-Great Escape:His particular responsibility...
(1911–2006) was a RAF
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Formed on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world...
bomber pilot during the Second War (known as Nicolas Tindal). Son of Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley.
Camilla Wedgwood
Camilla WedgwoodCamilla Wedgwood
The Hon. Camilla Hildegarde Wedgwood was a British anthropologist best known for research in the Pacific and her pioneering role as one of the British Commonwealth's first female anthropologists.- Biography :...
(1901–1955), Anthropologist, was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood
Colonel Josiah Clement Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood, DSO, PC, DL sometimes referred to as Josiah Wedgwood IV was a British Liberal and Labour politician who served in government under Ramsay MacDonald...
(see above).
Cicely Veronica (CV) Wedgwood
Cicely Veronica Wedgwood (1910–1997), historian. Daughter of Ralph WedgwoodMartin Thomas Barlow
Martin T. BarlowMartin T. Barlow
Martin Thomas Barlow FRS FRSC is a British mathematician who is professor of mathematics at the University of British Columbia in Canada since 1992.-History:...
(b. 1953) is a mathematician; son of Andrew Dalmahoy Barlow.
Phyllida Barlow
Phyllida BarlowPhyllida Barlow
Gillian Phyllida Barlow is a British sculptor and art academic. She was Professor of Fine Art and Director of Undergraduate Studies at the Slade School of Art.- Personal background :...
(b.1944) is a sculptor and art academic; daughter of Erasmus Darwin Barlow
Erasmus Darwin Barlow
Erasmus Darwin Barlow FRCPsych FZS was a British psychiatrist, physiologist and businessman.Born in London in 1915, he was the second son of Sir Alan Barlow, son of Sir Thomas Barlow, royal physician. His mother was Lady Nora Barlow, daughter of Sir Horace Darwin. He was a great-grandson of the...
.
Matthew Chapman
Matthew ChapmanMatthew Chapman (author)
Matthew Chapman is an English journalist, screenwriter, and director. His latest film, The Ledge, which he wrote and directed, stars Charlie Hunnam, Liv Tyler, Terrence Howard, and Patrick Wilson. It was shot in Louisiana in spring 2010 and was accepted into the main competition at Sundance 2011....
(b. 1950), screenwriter, author, grandson of Frances Cornford see above.
Carola Darwin
Carola Darwin (b.1967), Singer, musicologist, granddaughter of Charles Galton Darwin, see above, and sister of Emma Darwin the novelist, see below.Chris Darwin
Chris DarwinChris Darwin
Christopher William Darwin lives in Australia and works for High and Wild and the Australian School of Mountaineering, guiding canyoning, rock climbing, mountaineering, abseiling and nature walks. He is the great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin.-Biography:Darwin was born in 1961 in London...
(b. 1961), conservationist and adventurer, son of George Erasmus Darwin, see above, and brother of Sarah Darwin, see below.
Emma Darwin
Emma Darwin (Novelist)Emma Darwin (novelist)
Emma L. Darwin is an English novelist who is the author of the historical fiction novels The Mathematics of Love and A Secret Alchemy . She is the great-great-granddaughter of Charles and Emma Darwin.-Biography:...
(b.1964), novelist, granddaughter of Charles Galton Darwin, see above.
Sarah Darwin
Sarah DarwinSarah Darwin
Sarah Catherine Vogel FLS is a British botanist.She is the daughter of George Erasmus Darwin, a metallurgist, and his wife Shuna . She has two older brothers; Robert George Darwin and the conservationist Chris Darwin...
(b.1964), botanist, daughter of George Erasmus Darwin, see above, and sister of Chris Darwin, see above.
Randal Keynes
Randal KeynesRandal Keynes
Randal Hume Keynes, OBE, FLS is a British conservationist, author and great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin. He is the author of the intimate exploration of his famous ancestry, Annie's Box, subtitled Darwin, His Daughter, and Human Evolution , a book about the relationship between Darwin and his...
(b.1948), conservationist and author, son of Richard Keynes, see above.
Simon Keynes
Simon KeynesSimon Keynes
Simon Douglas Keynes MA, PhD, Litt.D, FBA is the current Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic at Cambridge University.-Biography:...
(b.1952), Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon
Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon
The Elrington and Bosworth Professorship of Anglo-Saxon is the senior professorship in Anglo-Saxon at the University of Cambridge.The chair was founded in 1878 when an earlier gift from Joseph Bosworth, Rawlinsonian Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, had increased in value sufficiently to support...
in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic at Cambridge University, son of Richard Keynes, see above, and brother of Randal Keynes, see above.
Hugh Massingberd
Hugh MassingberdHugh Massingberd
Hugh John Massingberd , also known as Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, was an English journalist and genealogist....
(1947–2007) was an obituaries editor for the Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph is a daily morning broadsheet newspaper distributed throughout the United Kingdom and internationally. The newspaper was founded by Arthur B...
, a journalist and the author of many books on genealogy and architectural history. He was the great great grandson of Charlotte Langton (née Wedgwood), sister of Emma Darwin (Charles Darwin's wife) and granddaughter of Josiah Wedgwood I.
Ruth Padel
Ruth PadelRuth Padel
Ruth Sophia Padel is a British poet, Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and Zoological Society of London. She also writes non-fiction and more recently fiction, broadcasts on wildlife, poetry and literature for BBC Radio 3 and 4, and is Writer in Residence at The Environment Institute,...
(b.1946), Poet, granddaughter of Sir Alan and Lady (Nora) Barlow (née Darwin), see above.
R. Sebastian 'Bas' Pease
R. Sebastian 'Bas' PeaseBas Pease
Rendel Sebastian "Bas" Pease FRS was a British physicist.Pease's father was the geneticist Michael Pease, son of Edward Reynolds Pease. His mother was Helen Bowen Wedgwood, daughter of Josiah Wedgwood IV...
(1922–2004), physicist, Director of Culham Laboratory for Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion
Joint European Torus
JET, the Joint European Torus, is the largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment worldwide currently in operation. Its main purpose is to open the way to future nuclear fusion experimental tokamak reactors such as ITER and :DEMO....
(1968–1981), head of the British chapter of Pugwash
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats...
, grandson of the fourth Josiah Wedgwood (see above). His sister, Jocelyn Richenda 'Chenda' Gammell Pease (1925–2003), married Andrew Huxley
Andrew Huxley
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley, OM, FRS is an English physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his experimental and mathematical work with Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the basis of nerve action potentials, the electrical impulses that enable the activity...
.
William Pryor
William PryorWilliam Pryor (writer)
William Marlborough Pryor is a British writer.Pryor was born in Farnborough in 1945, to Mark Gillachrist Marlborough Pryor, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Sophie , daughter of Jacques Raverat and his wife Gwen...
(b.1945), memoirist, entrepreneur, screenwriter, grandson of Gwen Raverat
Gwen Raverat
Gwendolen Mary "Gwen" Raverat née Darwin was a celebrated English wood engraving artist who co-founded the Society of Wood Engravers in England.- Biography :...
(née Darwin), see above.
Lucy Rawlinson
Lucy Rawlinson (née Pryor) (b.1948), painter (as Lucy Raverat), granddaughter of Gwen RaveratGwen Raverat
Gwendolen Mary "Gwen" Raverat née Darwin was a celebrated English wood engraving artist who co-founded the Society of Wood Engravers in England.- Biography :...
(née Darwin), see above.
Skandar Keynes
Skandar KeynesSkandar Keynes
Skandar Keynes is a British actor. He is best known for starring as Edmund Pevensie in the Chronicles of Narnia film series since 2005. He has appeared in all three installments, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian and most recently The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, which was...
(b.1991), actor, played "Edmund" in The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)
The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)
The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of English fantasy films from Walden Media that are based on The Chronicles of Narnia, a series of novels written by C. S. Lewis...
, son of Randal Keynes, see above.
Intermarriage
There was a notable history of intermarriage within the family. In the period under discussion, Josiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
married his third cousin Sarah Wedgwood; Charles Darwin married his first cousin Emma Wedgwood; his sister, Caroline Darwin, married Emma's brother (and Caroline's first cousin), Josiah Wedgwood III. There were other instances of cousin marriage both up and down the family tree. Cousin marriage
Cousin marriage
Cousin marriage is marriage between two cousins. In various jurisdictions and cultures, such marriages range from being considered ideal and actively encouraged, to being uncommon but still legal, to being seen as incest and legally prohibited....
was not uncommon in Britain during the 19th century though why is debated: poorer communications, keeping wealth within the family, more opportunity of evaluating a relative of the opposite sex as a suitable marriage partner (unmarried young women of the upper and upper middle classes were closely chaperoned when meeting men outside the family in the 19th century), more security for the woman as she would not be leaving her family (though legal rights for married women increased during the century, as a rule her property became his and she had little legal recourse if he chose to abuse her).
Coat of arms
These arms were granted to Reginald Darwin, of Fern, Derbyshire, for himself and certain descendants of his father, Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin, and his uncle Robert Waring Darwin (Father of Charles), on 6 March 1890. As Charles Darwin fell within the destination, they have been used in connection with him, despite being granted after his death. Something similar is used by Darwin College, CambridgeDarwin College, Cambridge
Darwin College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.Founded in 1964, Darwin was Cambridge University's first graduate-only college, and also the first to admit both men and women. The college is named after the family of one of the university's most famous graduates, Charles Darwin...
.
External links
- http://www.wedgwood.org.uk/Darwin.html
- http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1319&viewtype=image&pageseq=6