Demographic economics or population economics is the application of economics

Economics

Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...

 to demography

Demography

Demography is the statistical study of human population. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic human population, that is, one that changes over time or space...

, the study of human population

Population

A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...

s, including size

Population size

In population genetics and population ecology, population size is the number of individual organisms in a population.The effective population size is defined as "the number of breeding individuals in an idealized population that would show the same amount of dispersion of allele frequencies under...

, growth

Population growth

Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time" for measurement....

, density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

, distribution, and vital statistics

Vital statistics

Vital statistics are the information maintained by a government, recording the birth and death of individuals within that government's jurisdiction. These data are used by public health programs to evaluate how effective their programs are...

.

Analysis includes economic determinants and consequences of:

• marriage and fertility
  Total Fertility Rate
  The total fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she...
  
  ,
• the family
  Family economics
  The family, although recognized as fundamental from Adam Smith on, received little systematic treatment in economics before the 1950s. A significant exception was Thomas Malthus's model of population growth. The work of Gary Becker and others initiated contemporary research on family economics ...
  
  ,
• divorce,
• morbidity and life expectancy
  Life expectancy
  Life expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is denoted by ex, which means the average number of subsequent years of life for someone now aged x, according to a particular mortality experience...
  
  /mortality,
• dependency ratio
  Dependency ratio
  In economics and geography the dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force and those typically in the labor force...
  
  s,
• migration,
• population growth
  Population growth
  Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time" for measurement....
  
  ,
• population size,
• public policy, and the
• demographic transition
  Demographic transition
  The demographic transition model is the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. The theory is based on an interpretation of demographic history developed in 1929 by the American...
  
   from "population explosion" to (dynamic) stability or decline
  Population decline
  Population decline can refer to the decline in population of any organism, but this article refers to population decline in humans. It is a term usually used to describe any great reduction in a human population...
  
  .

Other subfields include the measuring the value of life

Value of life

The potency of life is an economic value assigned to life in general, or to specific living organisms. In social and political sciences, it is the marginal cost of death prevention in a certain class of circumstances. As such, it is a statistical term, the cost of reducing the number of deaths by...

 and the economics of the elderly and the handicapped and of gender, race, minorities, and non-labor discrimination. In coverage and subfields, it complements labor economics and implicates a variety of other economics subjects.

See also

• Cost of raising a child
  Cost of raising a child
  The cost of raising a child varies from country to country.-Developing countries:According to Globalissues.org, "Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than $2.50 a day." This statistic includes children. On this number, it costs roughly US$900 to raise a child for a year,...
  
  

• Family economics
  Family economics
  The family, although recognized as fundamental from Adam Smith on, received little systematic treatment in economics before the 1950s. A significant exception was Thomas Malthus's model of population growth. The work of Gary Becker and others initiated contemporary research on family economics ...
  
  

• Generational accounting
  Generational accounting
  Generational accounting is a relatively new method of national accounting for measuring redistribution of lifetime tax burdens across generations from social insurance, including social security and social health insurance...
  
  

• Growth economics

Related:

• Demographic-economic paradox
  Demographic-economic paradox
  The demographic-economic paradox is the inverse correlation found between wealth and fertility within and between nations. The higher the degree of education and GDP per capita of a human population, subpopulation or social stratum, the fewer children are born in any industrialized country...
  
  
• Demographic dividend
  Demographic dividend
  The demographic dividend is a rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population. This usually occurs late in the demographic transition when the fertility rate falls and the youth dependency rate declines. During this demographic window of opportunity,...
  
  
• Demographic transition
  Demographic transition
  The demographic transition model is the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. The theory is based on an interpretation of demographic history developed in 1929 by the American...
  
  

• Demographic gift
  Demographic gift
  Demographic gift is a term in demographics used to describe the initially favorable effect of falling fertility rates on the age dependency ratio, the fraction of children and aged as compared to that of the working population.-Overview:...
  
  
• Demographic window
  Demographic window
  Demographic window is defined to be that period of time in a nation's demographic evolution when the proportion of population of working age group is particularly prominent. This occurs when the demographic architecture of a population becomes younger and the percentage of people able to work...
  
  
• Demographic trap
  Demographic trap
  According to the Encyclopedia of International Development, the term demographic trap is used by demographers "to describe the combination of high fertility and declining mortality in developing countries, resulting in a period of high population growth rate ." High fertility combined with...
  
  

• Preston curve
  Preston curve
  The Preston curve is an empirical cross-section relationship between life expectancy and real per capita income. It is named after Samuel H. Preston who described it in his article "The Changing Relation between Mortality and Level of Economic Development" in the journal Population Studies in 1975...
  
  
• Development economics
  Development economics
  Development Economics is a branch of economics which deals with economic aspects of the development process in low-income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic growth and structural change but also on improving the potential for the mass of the population, for example,...
  
  

Journals

• Demography — Scope and links to issue contents & abstracts.
• Journal of Population Economics — Aims and scope and 20th Anniversary statement, 2006.
• Population and Development Review — Aims and abstract & supplement links.
• Population Bulletin — Each issue on a current population topic.
• Population Studies —Aims and scope.