Demographics of Canada - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This article about the demographic

Demographics

Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...

features of the population of Canada

Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

, including population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

, ethnicity

Ethnic group

An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...

, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, the People of Canada

People of Canada

Canadians are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be genetic, residential, legal, historical, cultural or ethnic...

Population of Canada: 31,612,895 (2006 Census).

Population of Canada: 34,265,000 (Est.The population count appearing may differ from the official estimates and projections released by Statistics Canada. Data displayed is as a rough estimate of the current Canadian population. Source: )

Provinces and territories

Province or territory	Population	Percentage of national pop.	Total area (km²)	Population density	Seats in House of Commons Canadian House of Commons The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...	People per House Seat
Ontario	13,119,251	38.73%	1,076,395	12.19	106	123,767
Quebec	7,856,881	23.19%	1,365,128	5.76	75	104,758
British Columbia	4,479,934	13.23%	925,186	4.84	36	124,443
Alberta	3,703,979	10.93%	642,317	5.77	28	132,285
Manitoba	1,226,196	3.62%	553,556	2.22	14	87,585
Saskatchewan	1,034,974	3.06%	591,670	1.75	14	73,927
Nova Scotia	940,397	2.78%	53,338	17.63	11	85,491
New Brunswick	750,457	2.22%	71,450	10.50	10	75,046
Newfoundland and Labrador	510,272	1.51%	373,872	1.36	7	72,896
Prince Edward Island	141,374	0.42%	5,660	24.98	4	35,344
Northwest Territories	43,244	0.13%	1,183,085	0.037	1	43,244
Yukon	33,963	0.10%	474,391	0.072	1	33,963
Nunavut	32,435	0.10%	1,936,113	0.017	1	32,435
Canada	33,873,357	100%		3.73	308	109,167

Sources: Statistics Canada

Median age

total: 39.5 years
- male: 38.6 years
- female: 40.4 years (2006)

Median age by province and territory, 2006 Census

Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

: 41.8
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...

: 41.7
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

: 41.5
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

: 41.0
British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

: 40.8
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...

: 40.8
Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

: 39.0
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....

: 38.7
Yukon
Yukon
Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in....

: 38.4
Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

: 38.1
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

: 36.0
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...

: 31.2
Nunavut
Nunavut
Nunavut is the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993...

: 23.1

Total: 39.5

Sources: Statistics Canada

Population growth rates

According to OECD/World Bank the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4 % growth in population compared to 21.7 % growth in the USA

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

and 31.2 % growth in Mexico

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the world population

World population

The world population is the total number of living humans on the planet Earth. As of today, it is estimated to be billion by the United States Census Bureau...

growth was 27 % and 1,423 million persons.

Rank	Province or Territory	2006 pop.	2001 pop.	Growth	% Change	Percentage of national pop.
1	Ontario	12,160,282	11,410,046	750,236	6.6	38.47%
2	Alberta	3,290,350	2,974,807	315,543	10.6	10.40%
3	Quebec	7,546,131	7,237,479	308,652	4.3	23.87%
4	British Columbia	4,113,487	3,907,738	205,749	5.3	13.01%
5	Manitoba	1,148,401	1,119,583	28,818	2.6	3.63%
6	Nova Scotia	913,462	908,007	5,455	0.6	2.89%
7	Northwest Territories	41,464	37,360	4,104	11.0	0.13%
8	Nunavut	29,474	26,745	2,729	10.2	0.09%
9	Yukon	30,372	28,674	1,698	5.9	0.09%
10	Prince Edward Island	135,851	135,294	557	0.4	0.43%
11	New Brunswick	729,997	729,498	499	0.1	2.31%
12	Newfoundland and Labrador	505,469	512,930	'	-1.5	1.60%
13	Saskatchewan	968,157	978,933	'	-1.1	2.96%
Total	Canada	31,612,897	30,007,094	1,605,893	5.4	100.00%

Derived from: Statistics Canada

Statistics Canada

Statistics Canada is the Canadian federal government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. Its headquarters is in Ottawa....

- (table) Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 and 2001 Censuses - 100% Data

Last modified (by source): N/A

Compiled/added to Wikipedia: 2007-07-22

Vital statistics

Birth rate: 10.28 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate: 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Net migration rate: 5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15 - 64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

total population: 81.23 years
male: 78.69 years
female: 83.91 years (2009 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,761,711/female 2,626,836)
15-64 years: 68.7% (male 11,633,950/female 11,381,735)
65 years and over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787) (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Population projection

US Census Bureau, 2010 est. http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php :

2020: 36,387,000
2030: 38,565,000
2040: 40,070,000
2050: 41,136,000

United Nations, 2010 est. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp :

2020: 37,163,000
2030: 39,850,000
2040: 41,882,000
2050: 43,642,000
2060: 45,101,000
2070: 46,271,000
2080: 47,206,000
2090: 47,906,000
2100: 48,290,000

Ethnic origin

Canadians were able to self-identify one or more ethnic origins in the 2006 census

Canada 2006 Census

The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16, 2006. The next census following will be the 2011 Census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897...

. Percentages therefore add up to more than 100%. The most common response was 'Canadian'. As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethnocultural ancestries.

Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, approximately 28% of the population will be foreign-born. The number of people belonging to visible minority

Visible minority

A visible minority is a person who is visibly not one of the majority race in a given population.The term is used as a demographic category by Statistics Canada in connection with that country's Employment Equity policies. The qualifier "visible" is important in the Canadian context where...

groups will double,
and make up the majority of the population in Toronto and Vancouver.

Single responses: 18.40% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 13.82% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 4.38% of respondents gave a single response of English

English people

The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...

, 3.94% gave a single response of French

French people

The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...

, 3.63% gave a single response of Chinese

Chinese people

The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....

, 2.50% gave a single response of East Indian

Demographics of India

The demographics of India are inclusive of the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people , more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing...

, 2.37% gave a single response of Italian

Italian people

The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...

, 2.15% gave a single response of German

Germans

The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

, 1.82% gave a single response of Scottish

Scottish people

The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...

, 1.64% gave a single response of North American Indian

First Nations

First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...

, 1.57% gave a single response of Irish

Irish people

The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...

, and 1.03% gave a single response of Filipino

Filipino people

The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....

.

Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2006):

Data for ethnic origin was collected by self-declaration, labels may not necessarily describe the true ancestry of respondents. Many respondents also acknowledged multiple ancestries. Source: Additional data:	%	Population	Area of largest proportion
Canadian	32.22%	10,066,290	Quebec Quebec Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.... (66.2%)
English English Canadian An English Canadian is a Canadian of English ancestry; it is used primarily in contrast with French Canadian. Canada is an officially bilingual state, with English and French official language communities. Immigrant cultural groups ostensibly integrate into one or both of these communities, but...	21.03%	6,570,015	Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400... (43.2%)
French French Canadian French Canadian or Francophone Canadian, , generally refers to the descendents of French colonists who arrived in New France in the 17th and 18th centuries...	15.82%	4,941,210	Quebec (28.9%)
Scottish Scottish Canadian Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and among the first to settle in Canada, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times...	15.11%	4,719,850	Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population... (40.5%)
Irish Irish Canadian Irish Canadian are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who originated in Ireland. 1.2 million Irish immigrants arrived, 1825 to 1970, at least half of those in the period from 1831-1850. By 1867, they were the second largest ethnic group , and comprised 24% of Canada's population...	13.94%	4,354,155	Prince Edward Island (29.2%)
German	10.18%	3,179,425	Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota.... (30.0%)
Italian	4.63%	1,445,335	Ontario Ontario Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa.... (7.2%)
Chinese Chinese Canadian Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent. They constitute the second-largest visible minority group in Canada, after South Asian Canadians...	4.31%	1,346,510	British Columbia British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858... (10.6%)
North American Indian First Nations First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...	4.01%	1,253,615	Northwest Territories Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south... (36.5%)
Ukrainian Ukrainian Canadian A Ukrainian Canadian is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. In 2006, there were an estimated 1,209,085 persons residing in Canada of Ukrainian origin, making them Canada's ninth largest ethnic group; and giving Canada the world's third-largest...	3.87%	1,209,085	Manitoba Manitoba Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other... (14.8%)
Dutch (Netherlands)	3.32%	1,035,965	Alberta Alberta Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces... (5.3%)
Polish Polish Canadians Polish Canadians are Citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad. According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 984,585 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry.-History:...	3.15%	984,565	Manitoba (7.3%)
East Indian Indo-Canadians Indo-Canadians are Canadians whose origins trace back to India. The terms East Indian and South Asian are used to distinguish people of ancestral origin from India, from the First Nations peoples of Canada who are often referred to as Indian, and from the people of the Caribbean, who are sometimes...	3.08%	962,665	British Columbia (5.7%)
Russian	1.60%	500,600	Manitoba (4.3%)
Welsh	1.41%	440,965	Yukon Yukon Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in.... (3.1%)
Filipino Filipino Canadian Filipino Canadians are Canadians of Filipino ancestry. Filipino-Canadians are the fourth-largest subgroup of the Overseas Filipinos.Canada only had a small population of Filipinos until the late 20th century. To date, there are currently around 400,000 Filipino Canadians in Canada, most of them...	1.40%	436,190	Manitoba (3.5%)
Norwegian Norwegian Canadian Norwegian Canadians are Canadians of Norwegian descent.There are approximately 1.2 million Canadians of Scandinavian descent living in Canada, representing around 3.9% of Canada’s population. In the Canada 2006 Census 432,515 Canadian residents claimed Norwegian ancestry, making up 1.4% of the...	1.38%	432,515	Saskatchewan (7.2%)
Portuguese Portuguese Canadians Portuguese Canadians are both Canadians born with Portuguese descent or citizenship or Portuguese born with Canadian descent or citizenship . According to StatCan, in 2006, there were 410,850 persons of Portuguese descent living in Canada, or 1.3% of the nation's total population...	1.32%	410,850	Ontario (2.4%)
Métis Métis people (Canada) The Métis are one of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations parentage. The term was historically a catch-all describing the offspring of any such union, but within generations the culture syncretised into what is today a distinct aboriginal group, with...	1.31%	409,065	Northwest Territories (6.9%)
British, not included elsewhere British Canadian British Canadian refers to a link between Canada and the United Kingdom. It may refer to:British-Canadian relationsEnglish CanadianIrish CanadianScottish Canadian*Canadians of Welsh descent...	1.29%	403,915	Yukon (2.3%)
Swedish	1.07%	334,765	Saskatchewan (3.5%)
Spanish	1.04%	325,730	British Columbia (1.3%)
American Canadians of American origin American-Canadians are people of Canadian citizenship who were born in the United States of America. They account for a significant portion of Canada's population. Canada and the United States share much culturally but are separate geopolitical entities in North America.According to the Canada 2006...	1.01%	316,350	Yukon (2.0%)
Hungarian (Magyar) Hungarian Canadians Hungarian-Canadians are persons in Canada of Hungarian ancestry. According to Canada 2001 Census, there are 315,510 Canadians of Hungarian ancestry. The Hungarian minority is the 23rd largest ethnic group of Canada...	1.01%	315,510	Saskatchewan (2.9%)
Jewish	1.01%	315,120	Ontario (1.5%)

Data from the same subject matter, though from 2001, is also grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada as follows:

	2001 %
North American (non-aboriginal)	40.21%
British Isles	33.64%
French	15.89%
Western European	12.78%
Eastern European	8.50%
Southern European	7.87%

	2001 %
East and Southeast Asian	6.03%
Aboriginal	4.45%
South Asian	3.25%
Northern European	3.22%
Caribbean	1.70%
Other European	1.28%

	2001 %
Arab	1.17%
African	0.99%
Latin, Central and South American	0.82%
West Asian	0.69%
Oceania	0.16%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030 in 2006) and total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries with responses totalling to more than 1% of the total number of responses are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada

Statistics Canada

Visible minorities

For a definition see visible minority

Visible minority

Year	1996	1996%	2001	2001%	2006	2006%
South Asian	670,590	2.35%	917,070	3.09%	1,233,275	4.00%
Chinese	860,150	3.02%	1,029,395	3.47%	1,168,485	3.70%
Black	573,860	2.01%	662,215	2.23%	783,795	2.50%
Filipino	234,195	0.82%	308,575	1.04%	389,550	1.30%
Latin American	176,970	0.62%			304,245	1.00%
Arab					265,550	0.90%
Southeast Asian	172,765	0.61%			231,425	0.70%
West Asian					156,700	0.50%
Korean	64,835	0.23%			138,425	0.40%
Japanese	68,135	0.24%			98,900	0.32%
Multiple visible minorities	61,575	0.22%			104,215	0.30%
Visible minority, n.i.e.	69,745	0.24%			71,420	0.20%
Total visible minority population	3,197,480	11.21%	3,983,845	13.44%	5,068,095	16.20%
Non-Visible Minority Population	25,330,645	88.79%	25,655,185	86.56%	26,172,935	83.78%
Total Population	28,528,125	100.00%	29,639,030	100.00%	31,241,030	100.00%

Aboriginal status

The 2006 census counted a total Canadian Aboriginal

Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have fallen into disuse in Canada and are commonly considered pejorative....

population of 1,172,790 (3.75%) which includes 698,025 First Nations

First Nations

(2.23%), 389,785 Métis

Métis people (Canada)

The Métis are one of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations parentage. The term was historically a catch-all describing the offspring of any such union, but within generations the culture syncretised into what is today a distinct aboriginal group, with...

(1.25%), and 50,480 Inuit

Inuit

The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada , Denmark , Russia and the United States . Inuit means “the people” in the Inuktitut language...

(0.16%). Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030)

Province/Territory	Number	% provincial	% national	Indian ,(First Nations)	Métis	Inuit	Multiple	Other
British Columbia British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...	196,075	4.8%	16.7%	129,575	59,445	795	1,655	4,605
Alberta Alberta Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...	188,365	5.8%	16.1%	97,280	85,495	1,605	1,220	2,760
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....	141,890	14.9%	12.1%	91,400	48,115	220	625	1,530
Manitoba Manitoba Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...	175,395	15.5%	15.0%	100,645	71,805	565	680	1,695
Ontario Ontario Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....	242,495	2.0%	20.7%	158,400	73,610	2,040	1,910	6,540
Quebec Quebec Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....	108,430	1.5%	9.2%	65,085	27,980	10,950	955	3,450
New Brunswick New Brunswick New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...	17,655	2.5%	1.5%	12,385	4,270	185	100	710
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...	24,175	2.7%	2.1%	15,240	7,680	320	100	830
Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...	1,730	1.3%	0.1%	1,230	385	30	10	75
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...	23,450	4.7%	2.0%	7,765	6,470	4,715	290	4,205
Yukon Yukon Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in....	7,580	25.1%	0.6%	6,275	800	255	50	190
Northwest Territories Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...	20,635	50.3%	1.8%	12,640	3,580	4,160	105	145
Nunavut Nunavut Nunavut is the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993...	24,915	85.0%	2.1%	100	125	24,640	30	20
Canada	1,172,790	3.8%	100.0%	698,025	389,785	50,480	7,740	26,760
Sources: 2006 Census

Religions

Top Self-Identified Religious Affiliations in Canada
	1991 number	1991 %	2001 number	2001 %	% change (in numbers)
Christian	22,468,260	83	22,799,645	77	-1.5
- Catholic Catholic The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...	12,335,255	45.7	12,936,905	43.6
- Protestant	9,427,675	34.9	8,654,850	29.2	-8.2
- United Church of Canada United Church of Canada The United Church of Canada is a Protestant Christian denomination in Canada. It is the largest Protestant church and, after the Roman Catholic Church, the second-largest Christian church in Canada...	3,093,120	11.3	2,839,125	9.5
- Anglican Church of Canada Anglican Church of Canada The Anglican Church of Canada is the Province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French name is l'Église Anglicane du Canada. The ACC is the third largest church in Canada after the Roman Catholic Church and the United Church of Canada, consisting of 800,000 registered members...	2,188,110	8.0	2,035,495	6.8
- Lutheran Lutheranism Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation...	636,205	2.3	606,590	2.0
- Presbyterian Presbyterianism Presbyterianism refers to a number of Christian churches adhering to the Calvinist theological tradition within Protestantism, which are organized according to a characteristic Presbyterian polity. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures,...	636,295	2.3	409,830	1.4
- Pentecostal	436,435	1.6	369,475	1.2
- Mennonite Mennonite The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after the Frisian Menno Simons , who, through his writings, articulated and thereby formalized the teachings of earlier Swiss founders...	207,970	0.8	191,465	0.6
- Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The religion reports worldwide membership of over 7 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance of over 12 million, and annual...	168,375	0.6	154,745	0.5
- Methodist	83,910	0.3	106,545	0.4
- Mormon Mormon The term Mormon most commonly denotes an adherent, practitioner, follower, or constituent of Mormonism, which is the largest branch of the Latter Day Saint movement in restorationist Christianity...	100,770	0.4	104,750	0.3
- Salvation Army Salvation Army The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian church known for its thrift stores and charity work. It is an international movement that currently works in over a hundred countries....	112,345	0.4	87,785	0.3
- Christian Reformed Church in North America Christian Reformed Church in North America The Christian Reformed Church in North America is a Protestant Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed churches of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Gijsbert Haan and Dutch immigrants who left the Reformed Church in...	84,685	0.3	76,665	0.3
- Christian and Missionary Alliance Christian and Missionary Alliance The Christian and Missionary Alliance is an evangelical Protestant denomination within Christianity.Founded by Rev. Albert Benjamin Simpson in 1887, the Christian & Missionary Alliance did not start off as a denomination, but rather began as two distinct parachurch organizations: The Christian...	59,365	0.2	66,280	0.2
- Adventists	52,365	0.2	62,875	0.2
- Christian Orthodox Orthodox Christianity The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to:* the Eastern Orthodox Church and its various geographical subdivisions...	387,395	1.4	479,620	1.6
- Greek Orthodox	231,965	0.9	215,200	0.7	-7.1
- Christian, not included elsewhere¹	353,040	1.3	780,450	2.6
Other	1,148,060	4.3	1,988,635	6.7	+73.2
- Jewish Judaism Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...	318,185	1.2	329,995	1.1
- Muslim Islam Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...	253,265	0.9	579,640	2.0
- Buddhist Buddhism Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...	163,415	0.6	300,345	1.0
- Hindu Hinduism Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...	157,015	0.6	297,200	1.0
- Sikh Sikhism Sikhism is a monotheistic religion founded during the 15th century in the Punjab region, by Guru Nanak Dev and continued to progress with ten successive Sikh Gurus . It is the fifth-largest organized religion in the world and one of the fastest-growing...	147,440	0.5	278,410	0.9
No religion	3,397,000	12.6	4,900,095	16.5
¹ Includes persons who report only "Christian", only "Protestant", and those in denominations less than 60,000 * For comparability purposes, 1991 data are presented according to 2001 boundaries.

Note(s):

Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...

includes Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church
Polish National Catholic Church
The Polish National Catholic Church is a Christian church founded and based in the United States by Polish-Americans who were Roman Catholic. The PNCC is a breakaway Catholic Church in dialogue with the Catholic Church; it seeks full communion with the Holy See although it differs theologically...

, and Old Catholic
Other Religions also includes Bahá'í Faith
Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. There are an estimated five to six million Bahá'ís around the world in more than 200 countries and territories....

, Eckankar
Eckankar
Eckankar is a new religious movement founded in the United States in 1965, though practiced around the world long before with a solid following in China. It focuses on spiritual exercises enabling practitioners to experience what its followers call "the Light and Sound of God." The personal...

, Jainism
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

, Shinto
Shinto
or Shintoism, also kami-no-michi, is the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. It is a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past. Shinto practices were first recorded and codified in the written...

, Taoism
Taoism
Taoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao , which is the mechanism of everything that exists...

, Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of prophet Zoroaster and was formerly among the world's largest religions. It was probably founded some time before the 6th century BCE in Greater Iran.In Zoroastrianism, the Creator Ahura Mazda is all good, and no evil...

, Aboriginal belief systems
Native American mythology
Native American mythology is the body of traditional narratives associated with Native American religion from a mythographical perspective. Native American belief systems include many sacred narratives. Such spiritual stories are deeply based in Nature and are rich with the symbolism of seasons,...

, Neo-Paganism, Wicca
Wicca
Wicca , is a modern Pagan religious movement. Developing in England in the first half of the 20th century, Wicca was popularised in the 1950s and early 1960s by a Wiccan High Priest named Gerald Gardner, who at the time called it the "witch cult" and "witchcraft," and its adherents "the Wica."...

, Unity - New Thought - Pantheist, Scientology
Scientology
Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices created by science fiction and fantasy author L. Ron Hubbard , starting in 1952, as a successor to his earlier self-help system, Dianetics...

, Rastafari movement
Rastafari movement
The Rastafari movement or Rasta is a new religious movement that arose in the 1930s in Jamaica, which at the time was a country with a predominantly Christian culture where 98% of the people were the black descendants of slaves. Its adherents worship Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia , as God...

, New Age
New Age
The New Age movement is a Western spiritual movement that developed in the second half of the 20th century. Its central precepts have been described as "drawing on both Eastern and Western spiritual and metaphysical traditions and then infusing them with influences from self-help and motivational...

, Gnostic, Satanism
Satanism
Satanism is a group of religions that is composed of a diverse number of ideological and philosophical beliefs and social phenomena. Their shared feature include symbolic association with, admiration for the character of, and even veneration of Satan or similar rebellious, promethean, and...

, et cetera
No Religion includes Atheism
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...

, Agnosticism
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....

, Humanism
Humanism
Humanism is an approach in study, philosophy, world view or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. In philosophy and social science, humanism is a perspective which affirms some notion of human nature, and is contrasted with anti-humanism....

, et cetera

However, a more recent research in 2005 indicates that the non-religious group has risen significantly. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College

Pitzer College

Pitzer College is a private residential liberal arts college located in Claremont, California, a college town approximately east of downtown Los Angeles. Pitzer College is one of the Claremont Colleges....

writes of several academic sources who have in recent years placed atheism rates in Canada between 19% and 30%.

Languages

Language used most often at work:

English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

: 78.3%
French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

: 21.7%
Non-official languages: 2.0%

Languages by mother tongue:

English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

: 58.2%
French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

: 21.7%
Non-official languages: 19.0%

Chinese
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...

: 3.1%
Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

: 1.4%
German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

1.2%
Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

: 1.2%
Punjabi: 1.1%
Tagalog
Tagalog language
Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...

: 0.9%
Tamil
Tamil language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...

: 0.8%
Malayalam
Malayalam language
Malayalam , is one of the four major Dravidian languages of southern India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. It is spoken by 35.9 million people...

: 0.7%
Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...

: 0.6%

Languages by language used most often at home
Home language
Following a widely accepted definition by Valdes , a heritage language is a language that is acquired by individuals raised in homes where the dominant language of the region, such as English in the United States, is not spoken or not exclusively spoken...

:

English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

: 67.1%
French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

: 21.5%
Non-official languages: 11.4%

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

The literacy rate of Canada was 99% in 2003.

City populations

As of 2006, Canada's 13 largest cities (metro areas) have a combined population of 17,885,000
Canada has 100 cities with 45,000 inhabitants or more for a combined population of 20,687,000
Canada has 230 cities with 15,000 inhabitants or more

External links

Canada Year Book (2010) - Statistics Canada
Population estimates and projections, 2010 - 2036 - Statistics Canada

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