Economy of Tamil Nadu
Encyclopedia
Tamil Nadu
has been ranked No 1 by the Economic Freedom Rankings for the States of India
Possessing the fourth largest economy (2010-11) of $ 98 billion among states in India, Tamil Nadu is also the second most industrialised
state next to Maharastra. As of 2010-11 Tamil Nadu had a Per Capita GDP of $ 1,622, the sixth highest in India. States that have out-shined Tamil Nadu are Goa ($ 2,949), Haryana ($ 2,052), Maharashtra ($ 1,855), Sikkim ($ 1,804) & Gujarat (NA).Tamil Nadu ranks third in foreign direct investment approvals (cumulative 1991-2002) of 225,826 million ($5,000 million), next only to Maharashtra 366,024 million ($8,100 million)) and Delhi 303,038 million ($6,700 million). The State's investment constitutes 9.12% of the total FDI in the country. Unlike many other states, the economic resources are quite spread out, rather than concentrated in a small industrialised area.According to the 2001 Census, Tamil Nadu has the highest level of urbanization (43.86%) in India, accounting for 6% of India’s total population and 9.6% of the urban population. Tamil Nadu has a network of about 110 industrial parks and estates offering developed plots with supporting infrastructure. Also, the state government is promoting other industrial parks like Rubber Park, Apparel Parks, Floriculture Park, TICEL Park for Biotechnology, Siruseri IT Park, and Agro Export Zones among others. Tamil Nadu has the largest number of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India.
Annual Plan outlays have increased by a record 75% from 52,000 million ($1,100 million) in 2001-2 to 91,000 million ($2,000 million) in 2005-6.
at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
The state's debt was estimated at 35 per cent of GDP in 2005.
The state's debt was estimated at 20.39 per cent of GDP in 2011.
, Meyar, Bhavani
, Amaravati, Vaigai, Chittar & Tamaraparani. Non-perennial rivers include the Vellar, Noyal, Suruli, Gundar, Vaipar, Valparai and Varshali. Tamil Nadu is also the leading producer of kambu, corn, rye, ground nuts, oil, seeds and sugar cane in India.
At present Tamil Nadu is India's second biggest producer of rice.
Tamil Nadu is the home to Dr. M.S. Swaminathan
, known as the "father of the Green Revolution
" in India. The town of Namakkal is also known as the Poultry hub of India.
A technological and industrial park (designated as a Special Economic Zone) was originally planned to be set up in Nanguneri, in the Tirunelveli district with an investment of 6,000 crores (US$ 1.6 billion). However, recently developmental plans point to a re-orientation of this project to Tuticorin.
(TNPL), the world's biggest bagasse
based Paper mills in Karur
as well as the world's sixth largest manufacturer of watches together with TATA
, under the brandname of "Titan". 40 percent of all wind-generated electricity in India is created by windmills in Tamil Nadu. Renowned Danish wind power company NEG Micon
has established its manufacturing unit in Chennai.
Tamil Nadu is leading producer of Cement in India,if manufacturer of power plants cethar vessels in Tiruchirappalli. It is the home for leading cement brands in the country such as Chettinad Cements(Karur), Dalmia Cements Tiruchirappalli and Ariyalur
, Ramco cements (Madras Cement Ltd), etc., There is an ACC cement factory located in Madukarai outskirts of Coimbatore
.
The region around Salem is rich in mineral ores. Country's largets steel public sector undertaking, SAIL has a special steel plant in Salem, which is ben expanded at a cost of 2000 crore rupees. Salem also has notable magnesite factories operated by private and public sectors (Public: Burn Standard & Co ; Private: Dalmia Magnesites). Tata's have their presence in the form of Tata Refractories in Salem.
Mettur, a town which is located 50 km north of Erode
and west of Salem has a number of notable industries, including JSW Steels, MALCO (which has currently suspended its Aluminium production), Chemplasst, Thermal Power Plant, Hydel Power plant.
(nicknamed by some, "The Detroit of Asia") http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/04/AR2005120401094.html. Global vehicle manufacturing giants like Hyundai
, Ford
, BMW
, Mitsubishi
, Komatsu, The TVS Group (TVS
), Ashok Leyland
, Nissan-Renault
, Daimler Trucks, TI Cycles of India
, TAFE Tractors
, Royal Enfield
, Caterpillar Inc.
, Caparo
, Madras Rubber Factory (MRF
) and Michelin
as well as domestic heavyweights like MRF
, TI cycles
of India, Ashok Leyland
, Royal Enfield
, Mahindra & Mahindra, TAFE Tractors
and TVS
have manufacturing investments in Chennai. Everything from automobiles, railway coaches, battle-tanks, tractors, motorbikes and heavy vehicles are manufactured in Tamil Nadu. Heavy Vehicles Factory
in avadi was established in 1965. A large number of auto component industries are present around Coimbatore
& Erode
cities. Namakkal district has emerged as one of the transportation hubs of the TN State. About 40 per cent of the trucks operated in the State are from Namakkal and the district, noted for truck body building, has over 18,000 trucks, including 3,000 tankers and 2,500 trailers, with an annual addition of approximately 500 trucks. Karur is known for its bus body building industries where most of the buses used in south India are manufactured. Over 11.2% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Tamil Nadu.
, Erode
, Gobichettipalayam
& Tirupur
, in Tamil Nadu are the largest garment exporters in India and sometimes referred to as the Textile valley of India. In 2004, the export turnover from here was more than $1 billion. Some 7,000 garment units in the town provide employment opportunity to 1 million people. About 62% of India's textile trading takes place only in the city of Erode
and 56% of India's total knitwear exports come from Tirupur
. The Export Import Policy of 2002-2007 acknowledges Tirupur for its contribution to the export efforts. Coimbatore
accounts for nearly $700 million and next to Coimbatore, the town of Karur & Erode generates around $300 million a year in foreign exchange through home textile exports such as bed linens, kitchen linens, toilet linens, table linens and wall hangings. Madurai and Kanchipuram is very famous for handloom sarees. This handloom sarees are on sale all over India. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala are the main states for wholesale sarees. This sarees manufacturing raw materials are purchased from Coimbatore
, Erode
and Salem. Gobichettipalayam
has the India's first automatic silk reeling unit.
, Flextronics, Motorola
, Sony-Ericsson, Foxconn
, Samsung
, Cisco
, and Dell
have chosen Chennai as their South Asian manufacturing hub. Products manufactured include circuit boards and cellular phone handsets. Ericsson
also has a Research and Development facility in Chennai. Big EPC companies have set up their Engineering centres which include Saipem India Projects Ltd
, Technip
, Foster Wheeler, Mott MacDonald
, Petrofac
, Austrian company "Austrian Energy and Environment" have also a design office here besides local giant ECC Larsen & Toubro
. Sanmina-SCI is the latest company to invest in Tamil Nadu to create a state of the art manufacturing facility. Nokia Siemens Networks
has decided to build a manufacturing plant for wireless network equipment in Tamil Nadu.
The state with a projected population of about 6.65 crore in year 2009 has high mobile penetration rate in India. According to statistics released by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the state had a total subscriber base of 4.3 crore mobile customers at the beginning of August 2009.
is a leader in the areas of printing, fireworks, and safety matches. It was fondly called as Kutty Japan or "little Japan
" by Jawaharlal Nehru
. It contributes to 80% of India's production of safety matches as well as 90% of India's total fireworks production. Sivakasi provides over 60% of India's total offset printing solutions and ranks as one of the highest taxpaying towns in India. Sivakasi also is a 100% employed town, putting it in the company of very few towns in India.
Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on Titanium, Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, Limestone, Granite and Bauxite. The first one is the Neyveli Lignite Corporation that has led development of large industrial complex around Neyveli in Cuddalore district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a Titannium-di-Oxide (TiO2) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at Salem apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore [Kanjamalai]
The Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) is a Tamil Nadu government promoting renewable energy sources and energy conservation activities. The agency has largely been responsible for instigating the tremendous growth of Tamil Nadu in the development of wind power. Tamil Nadu is in the forefront of all other Indian states in installed capacity.
The once-impoverished village of Muppandal
benefited from the building of the nearby Muppandal wind farm, a renewable energy
source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.
Wind farms were built in Nagercoil
and Tuticorin apart from already existing ones around Coimbatore
, Pollachi
and Udumalaipettai
. These areas generate about half of India's 2,000 megawatts of wind energy or two percent of the total power output of India.
Nuclear Power Plant, Ennore Thermal Plant, Neyveli
Lignite Power Plant, Vriddachalam Ceramics and the Narimanam Natural Gas Plants are major sources of Tamil Nadu's electricity. It is presently adding the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant
to its energy grid. Tamil Nadu sources a significant proportion of its power needs from renewable sources with Wind Power contributing over 2000 MW or over 20% of the needs. As of 2005, Tamil Nadu is one of the few Indian states with surplus power electricity, enabling the electrical authority to sell it to neighbouring states of Andra Pradesh & Karnataka. India's leading steel producer SAIL
has a steel plant in Salem, Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu ranks first nationwide
in diesel-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 34%.
is a large dam in India. It was completed in 1936. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters. It is also called Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large Mettur Dam
. Mettur
has a number of industries (50 km from Salem city): SISCOL, MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company owned by Vedanta Resources
), Chemplast (former known as Mettur Chemicals), Thermal power plant, Hydel power plant and huge number of chemical industries. There are many other dams that provide irrigation and drinking water, including the Vaigai Dam
.
Inc. signed a memorandum of understanding
with the State government to build a INR 20 billion thin-film
silicon
photovoltaic module
manufacturing plant in the Sriperumbudur
Special Economic Zone
.http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/signet-solar-to-invest-rs20-bn-in-tamil-nadu_10028378.html
In June 2008, Moser Baer
inked a MoU with the state government to build INR 20 billion plant for manufacturing of silicon-based photovoltaic thin film modules and allied products in the Oragadam
Special Economic Zone
which is closer to the Signet Solar's plant in sriperumbudur.
project that is 99.2% completed as of July 31, 2010. The state has a total road length of 167,000 km, of which 60,628 km are maintained by Highways Department. This is nearly 2.5 times higher than the density of all-India road network. It is currently working on upgrading its road network, though the pace of work is considered slow.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway
. Headquartered at Chennai
, the present Southern Railway
network extends over a large area of India's Southern Peninsula, covering the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala
, Pondicherry, minor portions of Karnataka
and Andhra Pradesh
. Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 6,693 km and there are 690 railway stations in the state. The system connects it with most major cities in India
. Main rail junctions in the state include Chennai
, Coimbatore
, Erode
, Madurai
, Salem and Tiruchirapalli
. Chennai
has a well-established Suburban Railway
network and is in the process of developing a metro.
Tamil Nadu has a major international airport, Chennai International Airport
, that is connected with 19 countries with more than 329 direct flights every day and Trichy also has an international Airport. Chennai International Airport
is currently the third largest airport in India after Mumbai
and Delhi
and has a passenger growth of 18%. It also has domestic airports at Coimbatore
, Tuticorin, Salem and Madurai
make several parts of the state easily accessible. Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic as well as freight movement which has been growing at over 18 per cent per year.
Tamil Nadu has three major ports at Chennai
, Ennore
and Tuticorin, as well as one intermediate port, Nagapattinam
, and seven minor ports, Rameswaram, Kanyakumari, Cuddalore
, Colachel, Karaikal
, Pamban
and Valinokkam
of which are currently capable of handling over 73 million metric tonnes of cargo annually (24 per cent share of India). All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board. Chennai Port
is an artificial harbour situated on the Coromandel Coast in South-East India and it is the second principal port in the country for handling containers. It is currently being upgraded to have a dedicated terminal for cars capable of handling 400,000 vehicles by 2009 to be used by Hyundai, Ford and Nissan Renault. Ennore Port
was recently converted from an intermediate port to a major port and handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. The volume of cargo in the ports grew by 13 per cent over 2005. The Tuticorin Port is expanding its facilities at the cost of US $1.6 billion. The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
will transform the Tuticorin port into a transshipment
hub similar to those in Singapore
and Colombo
. The ports are in need of improvement and some of them have container terminals privatized.
This is a chart of trend of software exports from Tamil Nadu published by ELCOT (Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu Ltd.)
with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
Chennai is the second largest software exporter in India, next to Bangalore. India's largest IT park is housed at Chennai. Software exports from Tamil Nadu during 2008-09 rose 29 per cent to touch 36,680 crore, involving a workforce of 2.8 lakh. Chennai is a hub for e-publishing, as there are 47 e-publishing units registered with the STPI in Chennai and 25 in Bangalore. Companies such as HCL
, Wipro
, TCS
, Satyam, Infosys
, Cognizant Technology Solutions
, Covansys, Ford Information Technology, Xansa
, Verizon, iSoft
, iNautix, Electronic Data Systems
, Bally
and many others have offices in Chennai. Infosys Technologies has set up India's largest software development centre to house 25,000 software professionals at an estimated investment of 12,500 million ($270 million) in Chennai. India's largest IT park - SIPCOT is housed at Siruseri - Chennai, It has numerous IT companies such as TCS, CTS, Syntel, Steria, Polaris, Patni, Hexaware etc. TCS alone has acquired 70 acres (280,000 m2) of land at a cost of about Rs.13 crore with an employee force of 25,000.
Business Process Outsourcing Services:
Chennai is now emerging as the most preferred destination for high-end BPOs in financial services, healthcare and other back-office services for multinational companies. Companies like Ajuba Solutions (Global provider of healthcare revenue cycle outsourcing services), Congruent Solutions (back-end services for California-based retirement funds), Secova eServices (HR service provider for US clients), Firstsource
(Business Process Management for BFSI, Healthcare, Telecom and Publishing clients), Lason India (data processing for healthcare and financial services clients in the US) and OfficeTiger (outsourcing of creative works) have set up centres here to take advantage of Chennai's "quality talent pool and infrastructure". Stanchart, eServe (Citibank), ABN AMRO
and World Bank
have also chosen the city for their back-office functions. Tamil Nadu also has a number of rural BPO companies like Desicrew Solutions
In the recent surveys, Chennai has been rated as the most attractive city for Offshoring Services.
Knowledge Process Outsourcing:
Chennai is also the preferred destination for companies outsourcing their high-end knowledge intensive operations. Testimony to this is the presence of major market research companies such as Frost & Sullivan and equity research companies such as Irevna in Chennai. This is the next high growth area that Chennai is witnessing.
.)
This is a chart of trend of tax revenues (including the shares from Union tax pool) extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also the Finance Commission of India report.
Tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.
This is a chart of trend of non-tax revenues and grants-in-aid extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also http://fincomindia.nic.in/thirdreport.htm and http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/eighteen_year_accounts/revenue_account_receipts.pdf. Non-tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...
has been ranked No 1 by the Economic Freedom Rankings for the States of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
Possessing the fourth largest economy (2010-11) of $ 98 billion among states in India, Tamil Nadu is also the second most industrialised
Industrialisation
Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one...
state next to Maharastra. As of 2010-11 Tamil Nadu had a Per Capita GDP of $ 1,622, the sixth highest in India. States that have out-shined Tamil Nadu are Goa ($ 2,949), Haryana ($ 2,052), Maharashtra ($ 1,855), Sikkim ($ 1,804) & Gujarat (NA).Tamil Nadu ranks third in foreign direct investment approvals (cumulative 1991-2002) of 225,826 million ($5,000 million), next only to Maharashtra 366,024 million ($8,100 million)) and Delhi 303,038 million ($6,700 million). The State's investment constitutes 9.12% of the total FDI in the country. Unlike many other states, the economic resources are quite spread out, rather than concentrated in a small industrialised area.According to the 2001 Census, Tamil Nadu has the highest level of urbanization (43.86%) in India, accounting for 6% of India’s total population and 9.6% of the urban population. Tamil Nadu has a network of about 110 industrial parks and estates offering developed plots with supporting infrastructure. Also, the state government is promoting other industrial parks like Rubber Park, Apparel Parks, Floriculture Park, TICEL Park for Biotechnology, Siruseri IT Park, and Agro Export Zones among others. Tamil Nadu has the largest number of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India.
Annual Plan outlays have increased by a record 75% from 52,000 million ($1,100 million) in 2001-2 to 91,000 million ($2,000 million) in 2005-6.
Macro-economic trend
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Tamil NaduTamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...
at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
| Year | Gross State Domestic Product |
|---|---|
| 1980 | 80,810 |
| 1985 | 156,481 |
| 1990 | 313,390 |
| 1995 | 782,050 |
| 2000 | 1,411,000 |
| 2005 | 1,945,280 |
| 2009 | 4,020,820 http://unidow.com/statewise_gdp.html |
| 2010 | 4,640,090 http://unidow.com/statewise_gdp.html |
The state's debt was estimated at 35 per cent of GDP in 2005.
The state's debt was estimated at 20.39 per cent of GDP in 2011.
Agriculture
Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state, while its advances in other fields launched the state into competition with other areas. Even so, Tamil Nadu is a leading producer of agricultural products in India. Tamil Nadu agriculture is heavily dependent on the river water and Monsoon rains. The perennial rivers are Palar, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar, KaveriKaveri River
The Kaveri , also spelled Cauvery in English, is a large Indian river. The origin of the river is traditionally placed at Talakaveri, Kodagu in the Western Ghats in Karnataka, flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau through the...
, Meyar, Bhavani
Bhavani
Bhavani is a ferocious aspect of the Hindu goddess Parvati. Bhavani means "giver of life", the power of nature or the source of creative energy. In addition to her ferocious aspect, she is also known as Karunaswaroopini, "filled with mercy"....
, Amaravati, Vaigai, Chittar & Tamaraparani. Non-perennial rivers include the Vellar, Noyal, Suruli, Gundar, Vaipar, Valparai and Varshali. Tamil Nadu is also the leading producer of kambu, corn, rye, ground nuts, oil, seeds and sugar cane in India.
Tamil Nadu is the home to Dr. M.S. Swaminathan
M. S. Swaminathan
Maankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian agriculture scientist in Kuttanad, kerala. He was the second of four sons of a doctor.He is known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India", for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in...
, known as the "father of the Green Revolution
Green Revolution
Green Revolution refers to a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1970s, that increased agriculture production around the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s....
" in India. The town of Namakkal is also known as the Poultry hub of India.
A technological and industrial park (designated as a Special Economic Zone) was originally planned to be set up in Nanguneri, in the Tirunelveli district with an investment of 6,000 crores (US$ 1.6 billion). However, recently developmental plans point to a re-orientation of this project to Tuticorin.
Industry and manufacturing
One of the global electrical equipment public sector company BHEL has manufacturing plants at Tiruchirappalli and Ranipet. The Tamil Nadu state government owns the Tamil Nadu Newsprint and PapersTamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers
Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu to produce newsprint and writing paper using bagasse, a sugarcane residue...
(TNPL), the world's biggest bagasse
Bagasse
Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice. It is currently used as a biofuel and as a renewable resource in the manufacture of pulp and paper products and building materials....
based Paper mills in Karur
Karur
Karur is a large town and a municipality in Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu situated on the banks of Amaravati. Karur district was formed on 30 September 1995 by trifurcating Tiruchirappalli district. It is the administrative headquarters of Karur District. Karur has a very long...
as well as the world's sixth largest manufacturer of watches together with TATA
Tata Group
Tata Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Tata Group is one of the largest companies in India by market capitalization and revenue. It has interests in communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy,...
, under the brandname of "Titan". 40 percent of all wind-generated electricity in India is created by windmills in Tamil Nadu. Renowned Danish wind power company NEG Micon
NEG Micon
NEG Micon is a former Danish wind turbine manufacturer. It was formed in 1997 as a result of a merger between Nordtank Energy Group and Micon....
has established its manufacturing unit in Chennai.
Tamil Nadu is leading producer of Cement in India,if manufacturer of power plants cethar vessels in Tiruchirappalli. It is the home for leading cement brands in the country such as Chettinad Cements(Karur), Dalmia Cements Tiruchirappalli and Ariyalur
Ariyalur
Ariyalur is a Municipality in Ariyalur district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.-Geography:Ariyalur is a municipality and headquarters of Ariyalur District in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is rich in limestone resources. Big industrial houses like Birlas , India cements, Dalmia cements, Madras...
, Ramco cements (Madras Cement Ltd), etc., There is an ACC cement factory located in Madukarai outskirts of Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
.
The region around Salem is rich in mineral ores. Country's largets steel public sector undertaking, SAIL has a special steel plant in Salem, which is ben expanded at a cost of 2000 crore rupees. Salem also has notable magnesite factories operated by private and public sectors (Public: Burn Standard & Co ; Private: Dalmia Magnesites). Tata's have their presence in the form of Tata Refractories in Salem.
Mettur, a town which is located 50 km north of Erode
Erode
Erode is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about southwest from the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5"...
and west of Salem has a number of notable industries, including JSW Steels, MALCO (which has currently suspended its Aluminium production), Chemplasst, Thermal Power Plant, Hydel Power plant.
Automotive
Many heavy engineering and manufacturing-based companies are centered in and around the suburbs of ChennaiChennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
(nicknamed by some, "The Detroit of Asia") http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/04/AR2005120401094.html. Global vehicle manufacturing giants like Hyundai
Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Motor Company is a Korean multinational automaker based in Seoul, South Korea which, along with Kia, comprises the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, the world's fourth largest automaker as of 2009. As of 2011, it is the world's fastest growing automaker for two years running...
, Ford
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
, BMW
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
, Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi Motors
is a multinational automaker headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. In 2009 it was the fifth-largest Japan-based automaker and the 17th-largest in the world measured by production...
, Komatsu, The TVS Group (TVS
TVS
-Television, Tele-Networking:* TVS Electronics, Computer peripherals manufacturing company from India* TVS Motors, motor manufacturing company from India* TVS, aka Television Sydney, free TV channel in Sydney, Australia...
), Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland is a commercial vehicle manufacturing company based in Chennai, India. Founded in 1948, the company is one of India's leading manufacturers of commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, as well as emergency and military vehicles. Operating six plants, Ashok Leyland also makes...
, Nissan-Renault
Renault
Renault S.A. is a French automaker producing cars, vans, and in the past, autorail vehicles, trucks, tractors, vans and also buses/coaches. Its alliance with Nissan makes it the world's third largest automaker...
, Daimler Trucks, TI Cycles of India
TI Cycles of India
TI Cycles of India is a bicycle manufacturer based in India. Established in 1949 by the Murugappa Group and Sir Ivan Stedeford of Tube Investments Group in UK, TI Cycles is the maker of brands like Hercules, BSA and Philips cycles. It has manufacturing plants at Ambattur near Chennai, Nasik in...
, TAFE Tractors
TAFE Tractors
Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited is an Indian manufacturer of tractors and other farm equipment with its corporate headquarters in Chennai. The company was established in 1960 and has a reported annual revenue of $ 1.3 billion and a sales volume of over 117,000 tractors annually.Tractors and...
, Royal Enfield
Royal Enfield
Royal Enfield was the name under which the Enfield Cycle Company made motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers and stationary engines. This legacy of weapons manufacture is reflected in the logo, a cannon, and their motto "Made like a gun, goes like a bullet". Use of the brand name Royal Enfield was...
, Caterpillar Inc.
Caterpillar Inc.
Caterpillar Inc. , also known as "CAT", designs, manufactures, markets and sells machinery and engines and sells financial products and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network. Caterpillar is the world's largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas...
, Caparo
Caparo
Caparo is a British-based company founded by Lord Paul, with business interests predominantly in the manufacture of steel, automotive and general engineering products, materials testing services, hotels, film distribution, and private equity investment....
, Madras Rubber Factory (MRF
Madras Rubber Factory
Madras Rubber Factory, popularly known as MRF, is a major tyre manufacturing company located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.The name was later changed as "Manorama Rubber Factory". MRF is mainly involved in making vehicle tyres. It is India's largest tyre manufacturing company, and among the dozen...
) and Michelin
Michelin
Michelin is a tyre manufacturer based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne région of France. It is one of the two largest tyre manufacturers in the world along with Bridgestone. In addition to the Michelin brand, it also owns the BFGoodrich, Kleber, Riken, Kormoran and Uniroyal tyre brands...
as well as domestic heavyweights like MRF
Madras Rubber Factory
Madras Rubber Factory, popularly known as MRF, is a major tyre manufacturing company located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.The name was later changed as "Manorama Rubber Factory". MRF is mainly involved in making vehicle tyres. It is India's largest tyre manufacturing company, and among the dozen...
, TI cycles
TI Cycles of India
TI Cycles of India is a bicycle manufacturer based in India. Established in 1949 by the Murugappa Group and Sir Ivan Stedeford of Tube Investments Group in UK, TI Cycles is the maker of brands like Hercules, BSA and Philips cycles. It has manufacturing plants at Ambattur near Chennai, Nasik in...
of India, Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland is a commercial vehicle manufacturing company based in Chennai, India. Founded in 1948, the company is one of India's leading manufacturers of commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, as well as emergency and military vehicles. Operating six plants, Ashok Leyland also makes...
, Royal Enfield
Royal Enfield
Royal Enfield was the name under which the Enfield Cycle Company made motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers and stationary engines. This legacy of weapons manufacture is reflected in the logo, a cannon, and their motto "Made like a gun, goes like a bullet". Use of the brand name Royal Enfield was...
, Mahindra & Mahindra, TAFE Tractors
TAFE Tractors
Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited is an Indian manufacturer of tractors and other farm equipment with its corporate headquarters in Chennai. The company was established in 1960 and has a reported annual revenue of $ 1.3 billion and a sales volume of over 117,000 tractors annually.Tractors and...
and TVS
TVS
-Television, Tele-Networking:* TVS Electronics, Computer peripherals manufacturing company from India* TVS Motors, motor manufacturing company from India* TVS, aka Television Sydney, free TV channel in Sydney, Australia...
have manufacturing investments in Chennai. Everything from automobiles, railway coaches, battle-tanks, tractors, motorbikes and heavy vehicles are manufactured in Tamil Nadu. Heavy Vehicles Factory
Heavy Vehicles Factory
The Heavy Vehicles Factory , Avadi, is located in proximity to Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. HVF was set up in the year 1965 when the Government of India decided to manufacture heavy battlefield equipments, including Vijayanta Tank and T-72s...
in avadi was established in 1965. A large number of auto component industries are present around Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
& Erode
Erode
Erode is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about southwest from the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5"...
cities. Namakkal district has emerged as one of the transportation hubs of the TN State. About 40 per cent of the trucks operated in the State are from Namakkal and the district, noted for truck body building, has over 18,000 trucks, including 3,000 tankers and 2,500 trailers, with an annual addition of approximately 500 trucks. Karur is known for its bus body building industries where most of the buses used in south India are manufactured. Over 11.2% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Tamil Nadu.
Textiles
The textile industry plays a significant role in the Indian economy by providing direct employment to an estimated 35 million people, and thereby contributing 4% of GDP and 35% of Gross Export Earnings. The textile sector contributes to 14% of the manufacturing sector. The cities of CoimbatoreCoimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
, Erode
Erode
Erode is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about southwest from the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5"...
, Gobichettipalayam
Gobichettipalayam
Gobi or Gobichettipalayam is a Municipality in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. A major part of present Gobichettipalayam was previously known as Veerapandi Gramam, and documents and records still use that name. Gobichettipalayam is an important city in the North- Western part of Erode...
& Tirupur
Tirupur
Tiruppur pronounced as is a textile city located on the banks of Noyyal River. It is also called Dollar city. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tiruppur district. It forms a part of the ancient Kongu Nadu region of South India, where its people were the first to establish territorial...
, in Tamil Nadu are the largest garment exporters in India and sometimes referred to as the Textile valley of India. In 2004, the export turnover from here was more than $1 billion. Some 7,000 garment units in the town provide employment opportunity to 1 million people. About 62% of India's textile trading takes place only in the city of Erode
Erode
Erode is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about southwest from the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5"...
and 56% of India's total knitwear exports come from Tirupur
Tirupur
Tiruppur pronounced as is a textile city located on the banks of Noyyal River. It is also called Dollar city. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tiruppur district. It forms a part of the ancient Kongu Nadu region of South India, where its people were the first to establish territorial...
. The Export Import Policy of 2002-2007 acknowledges Tirupur for its contribution to the export efforts. Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
accounts for nearly $700 million and next to Coimbatore, the town of Karur & Erode generates around $300 million a year in foreign exchange through home textile exports such as bed linens, kitchen linens, toilet linens, table linens and wall hangings. Madurai and Kanchipuram is very famous for handloom sarees. This handloom sarees are on sale all over India. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala are the main states for wholesale sarees. This sarees manufacturing raw materials are purchased from Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
, Erode
Erode
Erode is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about southwest from the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5"...
and Salem. Gobichettipalayam
Gobichettipalayam
Gobi or Gobichettipalayam is a Municipality in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. A major part of present Gobichettipalayam was previously known as Veerapandi Gramam, and documents and records still use that name. Gobichettipalayam is an important city in the North- Western part of Erode...
has the India's first automatic silk reeling unit.
Electronics
Electronics manufacturing is a growing industry in Tamil Nadu. Chennai has emerged as EMS Hub of India. Companies like NokiaNokia
Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki...
, Flextronics, Motorola
Motorola
Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, which was eventually divided into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011, after losing $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009...
, Sony-Ericsson, Foxconn
Foxconn
The Foxconn Technology Group is a multinational business group anchored by the Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. , a Taiwan-registered corporation headquartered in Tucheng, Taiwan...
, Samsung
Samsung
The Samsung Group is a South Korean multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea...
, Cisco
Cisco
Cisco may refer to:Companies:*Cisco Systems, a computer networking company* Certis CISCO, corporatised entity of the former Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation in Singapore...
, and Dell
Dell
Dell, Inc. is an American multinational information technology corporation based in 1 Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services. Bearing the name of its founder, Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest...
have chosen Chennai as their South Asian manufacturing hub. Products manufactured include circuit boards and cellular phone handsets. Ericsson
Ericsson
Ericsson , one of Sweden's largest companies, is a provider of telecommunication and data communication systems, and related services, covering a range of technologies, including especially mobile networks...
also has a Research and Development facility in Chennai. Big EPC companies have set up their Engineering centres which include Saipem India Projects Ltd
Saipem
Saipem S.p.A. is an Italian oil and gas industry contractor. It is a subsidiary of Italian energy company Eni, which owns approximately 43% of Saipem's shares. Saipem has contracted for designing and constructing several pipelines, including Blue Stream, Greenstream, Nord Stream and South...
, Technip
Technip
Technip is a provider of project management, engineering, and construction services for the oil and gas industry, headquartered in Paris, France....
, Foster Wheeler, Mott MacDonald
Mott MacDonald
The Mott MacDonald Group is an employee-owned company management, engineering and development consultancy serving the public and private sectors world-wide...
, Petrofac
Petrofac
Petrofac is an international provider of integrated facilities services to the oil, gas and energy production and processing industries. It is registered in Jersey , with its main corporate office in Jermyn Street, London. In addition it has major offices in Aberdeen, Mumbai, and Sharjah, and a...
, Austrian company "Austrian Energy and Environment" have also a design office here besides local giant ECC Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai, India. The company has four main business sectors: technology, engineering, construction and manufacturing. L&T has an international presence, with a global spread of offices and factories, further...
. Sanmina-SCI is the latest company to invest in Tamil Nadu to create a state of the art manufacturing facility. Nokia Siemens Networks
Nokia Siemens Networks
Nokia Siemens Networks is a global data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo, Finland. It is a joint venture between Nokia of Finland and Siemens of Germany...
has decided to build a manufacturing plant for wireless network equipment in Tamil Nadu.
The state with a projected population of about 6.65 crore in year 2009 has high mobile penetration rate in India. According to statistics released by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the state had a total subscriber base of 4.3 crore mobile customers at the beginning of August 2009.
Fireworks
The town of SivakasiSivakasi
Sivakasi is an active town and a municipality in Virudhunagar District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the capital of India’s firecracker industry with about 8,000 factories, big and small, producing 90 percent of the total fireworks output.It is also known as "kutti japan" meaning "small...
is a leader in the areas of printing, fireworks, and safety matches. It was fondly called as Kutty Japan or "little Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
" by Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru , often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the...
. It contributes to 80% of India's production of safety matches as well as 90% of India's total fireworks production. Sivakasi provides over 60% of India's total offset printing solutions and ranks as one of the highest taxpaying towns in India. Sivakasi also is a 100% employed town, putting it in the company of very few towns in India.
Mining
This is a chart of proven reserves of major minerals of Tamil Nadu in 2001 by Department of Geology and Mining with figures in tonnes.| Mineral | Reserve | National Share |
|---|---|---|
| Lignite Lignite Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat... |
30,275,000 | 87% |
| Vermiculite Vermiculite Vermiculite is a natural mineral that expands with the application of heat. The expansion process is called exfoliation and it is routinely accomplished in purpose-designed commercial furnaces. Vermiculite is formed by weathering or hydrothermal alteration of biotite or phlogopite... |
2,000,000 | 66% |
| Garnet Garnet The garnet group includes a group of minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. The name "garnet" may come from either the Middle English word gernet meaning 'dark red', or the Latin granatus , possibly a reference to the Punica granatum , a plant with red seeds... |
23,000,000 | 42% |
| Zircon Zircon Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates. Its chemical name is zirconium silicate and its corresponding chemical formula is ZrSiO4. A common empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is 1–x4x–y... |
8,000,000 | 38% |
| Graphite Graphite The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal... |
2,000,000 | 33% |
| Ilmenite Ilmenite Ilmenite is a weakly magnetic titanium-iron oxide mineral which is iron-black or steel-gray. It is a crystalline iron titanium oxide . It crystallizes in the trigonal system, and it has the same crystal structure as corundum and hematite.... |
98,000,000 | 28% |
| Rutile Rutile Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide, TiO2.Rutile is the most common natural form of TiO2. Two rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known:... |
5,000,000 | 27% |
| Monazite Monazite Monazite is a reddish-brown phosphate mineral containing rare earth metals. It occurs usually in small isolated crystals. There are actually at least four different kinds of monazite, depending on relative elemental composition of the mineral:... |
2,000,000 | 25% |
| Magnesite Magnesite Magnesite is magnesium carbonate, MgCO3. Iron substitutes for magnesium with a complete solution series with siderite, FeCO3. Calcium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel may also occur in small amounts... |
73,000,000 | 17% |
Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on Titanium, Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, Limestone, Granite and Bauxite. The first one is the Neyveli Lignite Corporation that has led development of large industrial complex around Neyveli in Cuddalore district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a Titannium-di-Oxide (TiO2) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at Salem apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore [Kanjamalai]
Energy
The once-impoverished village of Muppandal
Muppandal
Muppandal is a small village on the southern tip of India in Kanyakumari District, in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in a hilly region where wind from the Arabian Sea gusts through mountain passes....
benefited from the building of the nearby Muppandal wind farm, a renewable energy
Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from...
source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.
Wind farms were built in Nagercoil
Nagercoil
Nagercoil is the 12th largest city in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District...
and Tuticorin apart from already existing ones around Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
, Pollachi
Pollachi
Pollachi is a taluk of Coimbatore Rural district of the Tamil Nadu state of India. It lies in the southern part of the Coimbatore city around 40 kilometres from downtown Coimbatore. This is the second largest town in the District after Corporation of Coimbatore. Owing to the proximity to the...
and Udumalaipettai
Udumalaipettai
Udumalai also known as Udumalpet is a town and a municipality in Tirupur district, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Poor Man's Ooty, as it is called, the Udumalpet town is one of the famous summer resorts of Tamil Nadu, surrounded by Mountains on three sides.Its name in the ancient days was "UDUMALAI"...
. These areas generate about half of India's 2,000 megawatts of wind energy or two percent of the total power output of India.
Nuclear
The KalpakkamKalpakkam
Kalpakkam is a small town in Tamil Nadu, India, situated on the Coromandel Coast 70 kilometres south of Chennai. A conglomerate of two villages and a DAE township, it is about 55 km from Thiruvanmiyur....
Nuclear Power Plant, Ennore Thermal Plant, Neyveli
Neyveli
Neyveli is a mining and power generation township in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located at 11.30° N - 79.29° E. It is 52 km inland from Bay of Bengal, west of Pondicherry and 197 km south of Chennai. The township was developed after mining of lignite...
Lignite Power Plant, Vriddachalam Ceramics and the Narimanam Natural Gas Plants are major sources of Tamil Nadu's electricity. It is presently adding the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power station currently under construction in Koodankulam in the Tirunelveli district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu...
to its energy grid. Tamil Nadu sources a significant proportion of its power needs from renewable sources with Wind Power contributing over 2000 MW or over 20% of the needs. As of 2005, Tamil Nadu is one of the few Indian states with surplus power electricity, enabling the electrical authority to sell it to neighbouring states of Andra Pradesh & Karnataka. India's leading steel producer SAIL
Steel Authority of India Limited
Steel Authority of India Limited from 116950 The company's current chairman is C.S Verma. With an annual production of 13.5 million metric tons, SAIL is the 14th largest steel producer in the world....
has a steel plant in Salem, Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu ranks first nationwide
States of India by installed power capacity
This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by installed capacity of power utilities with generation mode break-up as of 31-03-11 by the Ministry of Power with figures in millions of watts ....
in diesel-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 34%.
Hydel
The Mettur DamMettur Dam
The Mettur Dam is a large dam in India built in 1934.It was constructed in a gorge, where the Kaveri River enters the plains. The dam is one of the oldest in India . It provides irrigation facilities to a part of Salem, the length of Erode, Namakkal, Karur, Tiruchirappali and Thanjavur district for...
is a large dam in India. It was completed in 1936. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters. It is also called Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large Mettur Dam
Mettur Dam
The Mettur Dam is a large dam in India built in 1934.It was constructed in a gorge, where the Kaveri River enters the plains. The dam is one of the oldest in India . It provides irrigation facilities to a part of Salem, the length of Erode, Namakkal, Karur, Tiruchirappali and Thanjavur district for...
. Mettur
Mettur
Mettur is an industrial Town municipality in Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is best known for the Mettur Dam.However in recent years it has been associated with rampant industrial polluting, with the Chennai-based Community Environmental Monitoring arguing in their report...
has a number of industries (50 km from Salem city): SISCOL, MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company owned by Vedanta Resources
Vedanta Resources
Vedanta Resources plc is a global mining and metals company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and also has mining operations in Australia and Zambia. Its main products are copper, zinc, aluminium, lead and iron ore...
), Chemplast (former known as Mettur Chemicals), Thermal power plant, Hydel power plant and huge number of chemical industries. There are many other dams that provide irrigation and drinking water, including the Vaigai Dam
Vaigai Dam
Vaigai Dam is built across the Vaigai River near Andipatti, in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu, southern India. It provides water for irrigation for the Madurai district and the Dindigul district as well as drinking water to Madurai and Andipatti...
.
Bio-diesel
Tamil Nadu at this time is the only state to have a formal Bio-Diesel Policy to use jatropha crops as a source of biofuel and to distribute wasteland to the poor farmers for the planting of these crops.Solar
In March 2008, Signet SolarSignet Solar
Signet Solar was established in 2006 in Menlo Park, California. They produce photovoltaic modules, and have manufacturing plants in India and Germany. The modules are made using thin film silicon technology on large area glass substrates, referred to as Gen 8.5.-India:Signet Solar India, started...
Inc. signed a memorandum of understanding
Memorandum of understanding
A memorandum of understanding is a document describing a bilateral or multilateral agreement between parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the parties, indicating an intended common line of action. It is often used in cases where parties either do not imply a legal commitment or in...
with the State government to build a INR 20 billion thin-film
Thin film
A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness. Electronic semiconductor devices and optical coatings are the main applications benefiting from thin film construction....
silicon
Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, it is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon, the nonmetal directly above it in the periodic table, but more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table...
photovoltaic module
Photovoltaic module
A solar panel is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells...
manufacturing plant in the Sriperumbudur
Sriperumbudur
Sriperumbudur is an industrial city in Kanchipuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in proximity to Chennai. It is famous for being the birth place of Sri Ramanuja, one of the most prominent Hindu Vaishnava saints as well as the town where former Indian Prime Minister...
Special Economic Zone
Special Economic Zone
A Special Economic Zone is a geographical region that has economic and other laws that are more free-market-oriented than a country's typical or national laws...
.http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/signet-solar-to-invest-rs20-bn-in-tamil-nadu_10028378.html
In June 2008, Moser Baer
Moser Baer
Moser Baer is the world's 2nd largest optical storage media manufacturer and supplies to the world's top dozen brands. They now make CD-R's for Memorex , TDK , Verbatim Sony and Agfa-Gevaert . They used to make CD-R's for Imation and Staples . The company was founded in New Delhi in 1983...
inked a MoU with the state government to build INR 20 billion plant for manufacturing of silicon-based photovoltaic thin film modules and allied products in the Oragadam
Oragadam
Oragadam is a town and industrial area located on the outskirts of Chennai, India. It is located 16 miles east of Kanchipuram.-Industries:...
Special Economic Zone
Special Economic Zone
A Special Economic Zone is a geographical region that has economic and other laws that are more free-market-oriented than a country's typical or national laws...
which is closer to the Signet Solar's plant in sriperumbudur.
Transportation
Tamil Nadu has a well established transportation system that connects all parts of the state. This is partly responsible for the investment in the state. Though the present transportation system is substantial, it needs to be developed further to keep pace with the rapid increase in use. Tamil Nadu is served by an extensive road network in terms of its spread and quality, providing links between urban centers, agricultural market-places and rural habitations in the countryside. There are 24 national highways in the state, covering a total distance of 2,002 km. The state is also a terminus for the Golden QuadrilateralGolden Quadrilateral
The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network connecting India's four largest metropolises: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, thus forming a quadrilateral of sorts. Four other top ten metropolises: Bangalore, Pune, Ahmedabad, and Surat, are also served by the network...
project that is 99.2% completed as of July 31, 2010. The state has a total road length of 167,000 km, of which 60,628 km are maintained by Highways Department. This is nearly 2.5 times higher than the density of all-India road network. It is currently working on upgrading its road network, though the pace of work is considered slow.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway
Southern Railway (India)
The Southern Railway is the earliest of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways created in independent India. It was created on April 14, 1951 by merging three state railways namely Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway, and the Mysore State Railway. The South Indian Railway...
. Headquartered at Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
, the present Southern Railway
Southern Railway (India)
The Southern Railway is the earliest of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways created in independent India. It was created on April 14, 1951 by merging three state railways namely Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway, and the Mysore State Railway. The South Indian Railway...
network extends over a large area of India's Southern Peninsula, covering the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
, Pondicherry, minor portions of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
and Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...
. Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 6,693 km and there are 690 railway stations in the state. The system connects it with most major cities in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. Main rail junctions in the state include Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
, Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
, Erode
Erode
Erode is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about southwest from the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5"...
, Madurai
Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It served as the capital city of the Pandyan Kingdom. It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and...
, Salem and Tiruchirapalli
Tiruchirapalli
Tiruchirappalli ) , also called Tiruchi or Trichy , is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. It is the fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state...
. Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
has a well-established Suburban Railway
Transport in Chennai
Chennai has a well-developed transport infrastructure. The city and its suburbs may be traversed using its road and rail networks.- Roads :Chennai's economic development has been closely tied to its port and transport infrastructure, and it is considered as the best infrastructure in India.The city...
network and is in the process of developing a metro.
Tamil Nadu has a major international airport, Chennai International Airport
Chennai International Airport
Chennai International Airport , formerly known as Madras International Airport is located in Tirusulam, south of Chennai , India...
, that is connected with 19 countries with more than 329 direct flights every day and Trichy also has an international Airport. Chennai International Airport
Chennai International Airport
Chennai International Airport , formerly known as Madras International Airport is located in Tirusulam, south of Chennai , India...
is currently the third largest airport in India after Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
and Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
and has a passenger growth of 18%. It also has domestic airports at Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
, Tuticorin, Salem and Madurai
Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It served as the capital city of the Pandyan Kingdom. It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and...
make several parts of the state easily accessible. Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic as well as freight movement which has been growing at over 18 per cent per year.
Chennai Port
Chennai Port , formerly known as Madras Port, is the second largest port of India, behind the Mumbai Port, and the largest port in the Bay of Bengal. Being the third oldest port among the 12 major ports of India, it is over 125 years old, although maritime trade started way back in 1639 on the sea...
, Ennore
Ennore Port
Ennore Port, located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai Port, Chennai, it is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India which is a public company. The Ennore Port is the only corporatised major port and is registered as a company...
and Tuticorin, as well as one intermediate port, Nagapattinam
Nagapattinam
Nagapattinam is a town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Nagapattinam District. It is a prominent seaport on the east coast of India and an important centre of trade and commerce.The town of Nagapattinam dates back to the Sangam period...
, and seven minor ports, Rameswaram, Kanyakumari, Cuddalore
Cuddalore
Cuddalore is a fast growing industrial city and headquarter of Cuddalore district in the Tamil Nadu state of southern India. Located south of Pondicherry on the coast of Bay of Bengal, Cuddalore has a large number of industries which employ a great deal of the city's population.Cuddalore is known...
, Colachel, Karaikal
Karaikal
Karaikal is a major port city of east coast of India and a municipality in Karaikal district in the Union Territory of Pondicherry, India. Several explanations are offered for the word 'Karaikal'. The imperial Gazetteer gives it the meaning 'fish pass'. According to Julien vinson the town is said...
, Pamban
Pamban
Pamban may refer to:*Pamban Bridge, a bridge on the Palk Strait which connects Rameswaram to mainland India*Pamban Island, an island located in the Palk Strait between peninsular India and Sri Lanka...
and Valinokkam
Valinokkam
Valinokkam is a village in Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu where the Graves of Hazart Imraan Ummayah Al Badawiyyah shaheed raziyallah Ta'ala anhu and Hazrat Sulthan Abdul Qadir Raziyallah anhu along with numbers of shuhadaas who were martyred along with Badhusha Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed...
of which are currently capable of handling over 73 million metric tonnes of cargo annually (24 per cent share of India). All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board. Chennai Port
Chennai Port
Chennai Port , formerly known as Madras Port, is the second largest port of India, behind the Mumbai Port, and the largest port in the Bay of Bengal. Being the third oldest port among the 12 major ports of India, it is over 125 years old, although maritime trade started way back in 1639 on the sea...
is an artificial harbour situated on the Coromandel Coast in South-East India and it is the second principal port in the country for handling containers. It is currently being upgraded to have a dedicated terminal for cars capable of handling 400,000 vehicles by 2009 to be used by Hyundai, Ford and Nissan Renault. Ennore Port
Ennore Port
Ennore Port, located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai Port, Chennai, it is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India which is a public company. The Ennore Port is the only corporatised major port and is registered as a company...
was recently converted from an intermediate port to a major port and handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. The volume of cargo in the ports grew by 13 per cent over 2005. The Tuticorin Port is expanding its facilities at the cost of US $1.6 billion. The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
Sethusamudram Ship Channel Project proposes linking the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka by creating a shipping channel through the shallow sea sometimes called Setu Samudram, and through the chain of islands variously known as Ramar Palam , ram sethu and Adam's Bridge...
will transform the Tuticorin port into a transshipment
Transshipment
Transshipment or Transhipment is the shipment of goods or containers to an intermediate destination, and then from there to yet another destination....
hub similar to those in Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
and Colombo
Colombo
Colombo is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital of the country, since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is a satellite city of Colombo...
. The ports are in need of improvement and some of them have container terminals privatized.
Services
Tamil Nadu has over 250 engineering colleges, the most of any state in India.This is a chart of trend of software exports from Tamil Nadu published by ELCOT (Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu Ltd.)
ELCOT (Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu Ltd.)
The Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu Limited is a South Indian, public sector undertaking, established on March 21, 1977. ELCOT functions to promote, establish and run State Public Sector Enterprises for Electronic items; manage, supervise, finance, advise, assist, aid or collaborate with any...
with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
| Year | Software Exports | Software Companies |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 370 | 34 |
| 2000 | 31,160 | 766 |
| 2005 | 141,150 | 1,427 |
| 2007–2008 | 284,900 http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/06/05/stories/2008060551782100.htm | - |
| 2008–2009 | 366,800 http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/tamil-nadu/s-it-exports-rise-29-in-2008-09/71926/on | - |
| 2009–2010 | 367,660 http://www.sify.com/finance/tamil-nadu-expects-10-percent-growth-in-2010-11-news-default-lcfuOlbcabj.html | - |
Chennai is the second largest software exporter in India, next to Bangalore. India's largest IT park is housed at Chennai. Software exports from Tamil Nadu during 2008-09 rose 29 per cent to touch 36,680 crore, involving a workforce of 2.8 lakh. Chennai is a hub for e-publishing, as there are 47 e-publishing units registered with the STPI in Chennai and 25 in Bangalore. Companies such as HCL
HCL
HCL or HCl can stand for:* Hairy cell leukemia, an uncommon and slowly progressing B cell leukemia* Hardware compatibility list...
, Wipro
Wipro
Wipro Limited formally Western India Products Limited is a global IT services and consulting company headquartered in Bangalore, India. As of 2011, Wipro is the second largest IT services company by turnover in India and employs more than 120,000 people worldwide as of March 2011...
, TCS
Tata Consultancy Services
Tata Consultancy Services Limited is a global IT services, business solutions and outsourcing company headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is the largest provider of information technology in Asia and second largest provider of business process outsourcing services in India...
, Satyam, Infosys
Infosys
Infosys Limited, formerly Infosys Technologies Limited is a global technology services company headquartered in Bangalore, India. It is the second largest IT exporter in India with 133,560 employees as of March 2011. It has offices in 33 countries and development centers in India, China,...
, Cognizant Technology Solutions
Cognizant Technology Solutions
Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. is an American global provider of custom information technology, consulting and business process outsourcing services. Its headquartered in Teaneck, New Jersey, United States and is a member of NASDAQ-100, the S&P 500 and Fortune 500...
, Covansys, Ford Information Technology, Xansa
Xansa
Xansa plc, trading as Xansa, was a British outsourcing and technology company, and was quoted on the London Stock Exchange until 17 October 2007 when the purchase of Xansa by Steria was completed and the company was delisted. Its headquarters were in Reading, Berkshire, England, and it had a major...
, Verizon, iSoft
ISOFT
iSOFT is an international supplier of software applications for the healthcare sector. Its products are used by an estimated 13,000 organisations in 40 countries for managing patient information and healthcare services. Its headquarters are in Sydney, Australia.iSOFT was founded in 1996 as a...
, iNautix, Electronic Data Systems
Electronic Data Systems
HP Enterprise Services is the global business and technology services division of Hewlett Packard's HP Enterprise Business strategic business unit. It was formed by the combination of HP's legacy services consulting and outsourcing business and the integration of acquired Electronic Data Systems,...
, Bally
Bally
Bally Technologies, Inc. is a manufacturer of slot machines and other gaming technology based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the descendant and continuation of the original Bally Manufacturing Corporation of Chicago....
and many others have offices in Chennai. Infosys Technologies has set up India's largest software development centre to house 25,000 software professionals at an estimated investment of 12,500 million ($270 million) in Chennai. India's largest IT park - SIPCOT is housed at Siruseri - Chennai, It has numerous IT companies such as TCS, CTS, Syntel, Steria, Polaris, Patni, Hexaware etc. TCS alone has acquired 70 acres (280,000 m2) of land at a cost of about Rs.13 crore with an employee force of 25,000.
Chennai is now emerging as the most preferred destination for high-end BPOs in financial services, healthcare and other back-office services for multinational companies. Companies like Ajuba Solutions (Global provider of healthcare revenue cycle outsourcing services), Congruent Solutions (back-end services for California-based retirement funds), Secova eServices (HR service provider for US clients), Firstsource
Firstsource
Firstsource is a provider of Business Process Outsourcing services headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Firstsource provides customized business process management to customers in the Banking & Financial Services, customer services, Telecom & Media and Healthcare sectors...
(Business Process Management for BFSI, Healthcare, Telecom and Publishing clients), Lason India (data processing for healthcare and financial services clients in the US) and OfficeTiger (outsourcing of creative works) have set up centres here to take advantage of Chennai's "quality talent pool and infrastructure". Stanchart, eServe (Citibank), ABN AMRO
ABN AMRO
ABN AMRO Bank N.V. is a Dutch state-owned bank with headquarters in Amsterdam. It was re-established, in its current form, in 2009 following the acquisition and break up of ABN AMRO Group by a banking consortium consisting of Royal Bank of Scotland Group, Santander and Fortis...
and World Bank
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
have also chosen the city for their back-office functions. Tamil Nadu also has a number of rural BPO companies like Desicrew Solutions
DesiCrew
-History:It was started in 2005 by Saloni Malhotra as a test project sponsored by Ashok Jhunjhunwala's TeNet group from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras...
In the recent surveys, Chennai has been rated as the most attractive city for Offshoring Services.
Knowledge Process Outsourcing:
Chennai is also the preferred destination for companies outsourcing their high-end knowledge intensive operations. Testimony to this is the presence of major market research companies such as Frost & Sullivan and equity research companies such as Irevna in Chennai. This is the next high growth area that Chennai is witnessing.
Revenues of Government
Tamil Nadu ranks fourth nationwide of all State governments in tax revenue. (See: States of India by tax revenuesStates of India by tax revenues
This is a list of States of India by projected own tax revenues of their governments for the year 2010–15 by the Thirteenth Finance Commission with figures in crore of Indian Rupees...
.)
This is a chart of trend of tax revenues (including the shares from Union tax pool) extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also the Finance Commission of India report.
Tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.
| Year | Tax Revenues | Sales Tax | Excise Duties | Registration Fees | Corporation Tax | Vehicle Tax |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 441 | |||||
| 1955 | 270 | 112 | 3 | 7 | ||
| 1960 | 417 | 191 | ||||
| 1965 | 723 | 409 | 4 | 99 | 133 | |
| 1970 | ||||||
| 1975 | 3,190 | |||||
| 1980 | ||||||
| 1985 | ||||||
| 1990 | 34,508 | 20,659 | 4,348 | 2,263 | 2,273 | |
| 1995 | 79,045 | 46,892 | 9,346 | 6,130 | 3,922 | |
| 2000 | 150,659 | 81,971 | 18,686 | 9,101 | 5,904 | |
| 2005 | 253,232 | 143,607 | 24,780 | 15,628 | 13,846 | 11,305 |
This is a chart of trend of non-tax revenues and grants-in-aid extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also http://fincomindia.nic.in/thirdreport.htm and http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/eighteen_year_accounts/revenue_account_receipts.pdf. Non-tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.
| Year | Non-tax Revenues | Interest | Mining | Grants-in-Aid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 197 | 114 | ||
| 1965 | 466 | 233 | ||
| 1970 | ||||
| 1975 | ||||
| 1980 | ||||
| 1985 | ||||
| 1990 | 3,814 | 897 | 588 | 12,555 |
| 1995 | 8,584 | 3,428 | 672 | 18,362 |
| 2000 | 17,107 | 4,036 | 3,953 | 15,398 |
| 2005 | 21,014 | 5,673 | 4,274 | 28,268 |
Debt of Government
Amount in Crores| Fin Year | Bought | Repaid | Total Debt |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 31, 2000 | 23,840 http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/08/19/stories/0419223a.htm | ||
| March 31, 2001 | 28,685 | ||
| March 31, 2006 | 57,457 | ||
| March 31, 2007 | 60,170 | ||
| March 31, 2008 | 64,655 | ||
| March 31, 2009 | 74,858 http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/karunanidhi-rebuts-jayalalithaas-debt-trap-charges_100302911.html | ||
| March 31, 2010 | |||