Edmondo Rossoni
Encyclopedia
Edmondo Rossoni was an Italian
Fascist
politician.
, a small town in the Province of Ferrara
, Rossoni was imprisoned in 1908 for his revolution
ary activities as a syndicalist
. Leaving Italy for the United States
, he worked in Socialist
organizations there, before editing the nationalist
newspaper La Tribuna - renamed L'Italia Nostra.
A renegade of Socialism, Rossoni joined Benito Mussolini
's Fascist movement
in 1921. After the March on Rome
, he continued his political activities before becoming undersecretary to the President of the Grand Fascist Council from 1932 to 1935.
He served as Italian Minister of Agriculture and Forestry from 1935 to 1939. In this capacity, he ordered the replanning and reconstruction of his native town of Tresigallo along rationalist
lines, intending to transform it into a "new town" of Italy.
Rossoni made himself famous on July 25, 1943, by voting against Mussolini's leadership inside the Grand Council (thus siding with the coup d'état
initiated by Dino Grandi
). When Mussolini regained power in northern Italy, creating the Italian Social Republic
, Rossoni was sentenced to death
in absentia
. After escaping to Canada
, he returned to Italy
in 1947 when his sentence had been commuted to life imprisonment.
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
Fascist
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
politician.
Life
Born to a working class family in TresigalloTresigallo
Tresigallo is an Italian municipality in the province of Ferrara, which is in the region of Emilia-Romagna. It has about 4,700 inhabitants.Despite its medieval origins, to which only a 16th century palace bears witness today, it is remarkable for the transformations carried on by the Fascist...
, a small town in the Province of Ferrara
Province of Ferrara
The Province of Ferrara is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Ferrara.It has an area of 2,632 km², about two thirds of the area of the U.S. State of Rhode Island, and a total population of about 350,000 . There are 26 comuni in the province , see...
, Rossoni was imprisoned in 1908 for his revolution
Revolution
A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time.Aristotle described two types of political revolution:...
ary activities as a syndicalist
Syndicalism
Syndicalism is a type of economic system proposed as a replacement for capitalism and an alternative to state socialism, which uses federations of collectivised trade unions or industrial unions...
. Leaving Italy for the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, he worked in Socialist
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
organizations there, before editing the nationalist
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
newspaper La Tribuna - renamed L'Italia Nostra.
A renegade of Socialism, Rossoni joined Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
's Fascist movement
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
in 1921. After the March on Rome
March on Rome
The March on Rome was a march by which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party came to power in the Kingdom of Italy...
, he continued his political activities before becoming undersecretary to the President of the Grand Fascist Council from 1932 to 1935.
He served as Italian Minister of Agriculture and Forestry from 1935 to 1939. In this capacity, he ordered the replanning and reconstruction of his native town of Tresigallo along rationalist
Rationalism (architecture)
The intellectual principles of rationalism are based on architectural theory. Vitruvius had already established in his work De Architectura that architecture is a science that can be comprehended rationally. This formulation was taken up and further developed in the architectural treatises of the...
lines, intending to transform it into a "new town" of Italy.
Rossoni made himself famous on July 25, 1943, by voting against Mussolini's leadership inside the Grand Council (thus siding with the coup d'état
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
initiated by Dino Grandi
Dino Grandi
Dino Grandi , Conte di Mordano, was an Italian Fascist politician, minister of justice, minister of foreign affairs and president of parliament.- Early life :...
). When Mussolini regained power in northern Italy, creating the Italian Social Republic
Italian Social Republic
The Italian Social Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Nation" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. The RSI exercised nominal sovereignty in northern Italy but was largely dependent on the Wehrmacht to maintain control...
, Rossoni was sentenced to death
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, the death penalty, or execution is the sentence of death upon a person by the state as a punishment for an offence. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from the Latin capitalis, literally...
in absentia
In absentia
In absentia is Latin for "in the absence". In legal use, it usually means a trial at which the defendant is not physically present. The phrase is not ordinarily a mere observation, but suggests recognition of violation to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial.In...
. After escaping to Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, he returned to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
in 1947 when his sentence had been commuted to life imprisonment.